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对一道困扰力学界30多年习题的思考

李学生

山东大学物理学院, 济南, 山东250100, 中国

diancizhiliang@163.com

Abstract: 摘　要：分析了关于外势能的弹性势能机械能守恒定律满足力学相对性原理，也具有单独的协变性，弹性势能不具有伽利略不变性，解决了关于这个问题的争论。

[李学生. 对一道困扰力学界30多年习题的思考. Academ Arena 2020;12(8):1-5]. ISSN 1553-992X (print); ISSN 2158-771X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/academia. 1. doi:10.7537/marsaaj120820.01.

Keywords: 关键词：轻质弹簧；伽利略不变性；力学相对性原理；机械能守恒

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Introduction Of Solution Pattern Of Linear And Quadratic Algebraic Equation

*Dr. Rajeev Kumar and **Arvind Yadav

*Associate Professor, Department of Mathematics, OPJS University, Churu, Rajasthan (India)

**Research Scholar, Department of Mathematics, OPJS University, Churu, Rajasthan (India)

Email: arvinddahiya6@gmail.com

Abstract: The solutions are obvious using the knowledge about cases when a product equals zero. Using the pq-formula for all other types, the algebraic procedure of solving is not completely visible, so it is called implicit. This classification of the two main groups is according to the terms ‘evaluation’ and ‘manipulation’ equations used Lima (2007). In contrast to the linear equations, the cognitive steps do not depend on the fact where and how often the variable appears. The dashed arrows indicate that some equations can be interpreted as special cases of other types of equations. The types of equations differ in the types of the terms appearing. The structure of the terms is indicated by the form of the frames.

[Kumar, R. and Yadav, A. Introduction Of Solution Pattern Of Linear And Quadratic Algebraic Equation. Academ Arena 2020;12(8):6-8]. ISSN 1553-992X (print); ISSN 2158-771X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/academia. 2. doi:10.7537/marsaaj120820.02.

Keywords: Linear, Quadratic Algebraic Equation

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Review Of Literature Related To Various Statistical Convergence

*Dr. Rajeev Kumar and **Preety

*Associate Professor, Department of Mathematics, OPJS University, Churu, Rajasthan (India)

**Research Scholar, Department of Mathematics, OPJS University, Churu, Rajasthan (India)

Email: preetyyadav0066@gmail.com; Contact No. +91-9992845999

Abstract: The investigation of extreme events is extremely relevant for a range of disciplines in mathematical, natural, and social sciences and engineering. Understanding the large fluctuations of the system of interest is of great importance from a theoretical point of view, but also when it comes to assessing the risk associated with low probability and high impact events. In many cases, in order to gauge preparedness and resilience properly, one would like to be able to quantify the return times for events of different intensity and take suitable measures for preventing the expected impacts. Prominent examples are weather and climate extremes, which can have a huge impact on human society and natural ecosystems. The present uncertainty in the future projections of extremes makes their study even more urgent and crucial.

[Kumar, R. and Preety. Review Of Literature Related To Various Statistical Convergence. Academ Arena 2020;12(8):9-11]. ISSN 1553-992X (print); ISSN 2158-771X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/academia. 3. doi:10.7537/marsaaj120820.03.

Keywords: Literature, Statistical, Convergence

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Review Of Literature On Variability Of Various Characteristics Of Mughal Period (1707-1857)

Dr. Jayveer Singh and Mrs. Pushplata Chaturvedi

*Associate Professor, Department of History, OPJS University, Churu, Rajasthan (India)

**Research Scholar, Department of History, OPJS University, Churu, Rajasthan (India)

e-mail: pushplata2006@gmail.com

Abstract: The Mughal Empire at its zenith commanded resources unprecedented in Indian history and covered almost the entire subcontinent. From 1556 to 1707, during the heyday of its fabulous wealth and glory, the Mughal Empire was a fairly efficient and centralized organization, with a vast complex of personnel, money, and information dedicated to the service of the emperor and his nobility. Much of the empire’s expansion during that period was attributable to India’s growing commercial and cultural contact with the outside world. The 16th and 17th centuries brought the establishment and expansion of European and non-European trading organizations in the subcontinent, principally for the procurement of Indian goods in demand abroad. Indian regions drew close to each other by means of an enhanced overland and coastal trading network, significantly augmenting the internal surplus of precious metals. With expanded connections to the wider world came also new ideologies and technologies to challenge and enrich the imperial edifice.

[Singh, J. and Chaturvedi, P. Review Of Literature On Variability Of Various Characteristics Of Mughal Period (1707-1857). Academ Arena 2020;12(8):12-23]. ISSN 1553-992X (print); ISSN 2158-771X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/academia. 4. doi:10.7537/marsaaj120820.04.

Keywords: Review Of Literature, Variability, Characteristics, Mughal Period (1707-1857)

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中国分子人类学邓涛等比拼王传超

鸽簿家

Recommended: 王德奎 (Wang Dekui), 绵阳日报社, 绵阳, 四川 621000, 中国, y-tx@163.com

Abstract 摘要：2017年付巧妹教授对丹尼索瓦人的基因研究论证了现代人从北线进入东亚的路线。争论集中在非洲智人是主要贡献还是本地智人至少贡献了一半遗传。解决的办法还是归结到分子遗传学上。在中国出土的古人类化石，能否提取DNA并辨识出是尼人还是丹人还是新的东亚智人是关键。幡然醒悟走出尼人和丹人杂交西来说阴影，2020年5月19日《中国青年报》发表《中国科学家揭开南北方人群迁徙与混合之历史》一文。据记者邱晨辉报道，5月15日国际学术期刊《科学》在线发表一项关于华夏族群探源的突破性研究成果，该研究由中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所研究员付巧妹团队主导，利用古DNA技术开启了一趟寻根之旅，历经8年艰辛探索，逐步揭开东亚尤其是中国史前人群南北格局、迁徙扩散及遗传混合的“神秘面纱”。早在2014年付巧妹和团队成员便成功获得北方山东和南方岛屿亮岛的几个关键样本基因组数据，在东亚南北方古人群遗传特点上，也得出了有价值的研究进展。

[鸽簿家. 中国分子人类学邓涛等比拼王传超. Academ Arena 2020;12(8):24-36]. ISSN 1553-992X (print); ISSN 2158-771X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/academia. 5. doi:10.7537/marsaaj120820.05.

Keywords 关键词：丹尼索瓦人；基因；非洲；遗传学；化石，科学

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Wheat Export Competitiveness of Kazakhstan on Global Market

Fazal Qadeem

fqadeem2025@yahoo.com

Abstract: Kazakhstan is number ten in exports of wheat according to the estimation of 2018. Although Kazakhstan’s cereal industry is performing well however, there is more potential in the sector of crops and hence for the exports wheat to all over the world. The study in hand is designed to explore the current performance and completeness of wheat exports of Kazakhstan. Keeping the importance of the cereal industry of Kazakhstan, the study in hand is conducted to explore the wheat exports from Kazakhstan and to figure out the potential markets for Kazakhstani wheat. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the level of competitiveness for Kazakhstani wheat among other competitors and opportunities in world market to identify the new destination for Kazakhstani wheat. To that end, the research will attempt to measure the competitiveness of the Kazakh wheat export and its behavior during a time period considered. This will be based on the Nominal Protection Coefficient (NPC), Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), and Revealed Symmetric Comparative Advantage (RSCA).

[xxx. Wheat Export Competitiveness of Kazakhstan on Global Market. Academ Arena 2020;12(8):37-44]. ISSN 1553-992X (print); ISSN 2158-771X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/academia. 6. doi:10.7537/marsaaj120820.06.

Keywords: Kazakhstan Wheat, Wheat Export, Export Competitiveness, Potential Markets

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纪念重庆成立共产党一百周年 ----摘自四川宽窄科学研究之20

长江康

Recommended: 王德奎 (Wang Dekui), 绵阳日报社, 绵阳, 四川 621000, 中国, y-tx@163.com

Abstract摘要：解放工农翻身是政治“翻转”；修成渝铁路发现“资阳人”化石，是历史时空“翻转”；“老药新用”，中医针灸、艾灸、拔火罐，是内外生理“翻转”；化肥施在地里，通过粮食增产来“翻转”；热力学是两个封闭容器之间的平衡，是量子统计“翻转”；头脑智能人机合一，是智能“翻转”；生命新陈代谢，是基因、细胞发育编程“翻转”，等等----也许“翻转”这个脑洞词汇，能联系数、理、化、天、地、生、人等基础原理，但要像几何的公理推论、代数一元二次方程的求根公式、牛顿力学第二定律公式的作用力表达计量等那样，概括起来谈何容易？因为“翻转”这个词汇，还不是几何、代数、牛顿力学等公式、定理等的科学建模，是高度抽象、系统、深刻的表达。

[长江康. 纪念重庆成立共产党一百周年 ----摘自四川宽窄科学研究之20. Academ Arena 2020;12(8):45-64]. ISSN 1553-992X (print); ISSN 2158-771X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/academia. 7. doi:10.7537/marsaaj120820.07.

Keywords关键词：工农；政治；成渝； 铁路；生命新陈代谢；基因；细胞

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磁环体旋偏振推演质量自旋纠缠统一 ----从薛定谔猫到环壳边界交叉基础发展

赵渌鲁, 志东华

Recommended: 王德奎 (Wang Dekui), 绵阳日报社, 绵阳, 四川 621000, 中国, y-tx@163.com

Abstract摘要：从1986年《华东工学院学报》第2期发表的《前夸克类圈体模型能改变前夸克粒子模型的手征性和对称破缺》论文起，我们一直关注微观领域量子类圈体环，体旋偏振推演质量自旋纠缠统一虚拟生成的真实性和独立性。本文是介绍这一思路的大致过程。

[赵渌鲁 志东华. 磁环体旋偏振推演质量自旋纠缠统一 ----从薛定谔猫到环壳边界交叉基础发展. Academ Arena 2020;12(8):65-78]. ISSN 1553-992X (print); ISSN 2158-771X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/academia. 8. doi:10.7537/marsaaj120820.08.

Keywords关键词：质量 自旋 偏振 磁环拓扑 虚拟生成

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庞加莱猜想证明

长江康

Recommended: 王德奎 (Wang Dekui), 绵阳日报社, 绵阳, 四川 621000, 中国, y-tx@163.com

Abstract摘要：庞加莱一般被认为拓扑学的创立者，第一个把拓扑学从分析学（由微积分发展而来的数学分支）和几何学分立出来的数学家。拓扑学常被描述成“橡皮泥几何学”，因为它研究表面在任意拉伸下的特性，而撕裂和粘合是不允许的。我们的熟悉的物体都是三维的。

[长江康. 庞加莱猜想证明. Academ Arena 2020;12(8):79-91]. ISSN 1553-992X (print); ISSN 2158-771X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/academia. 9. doi:10.7537/marsaaj120820.09.

Keywords关键词：庞加莱；；拓扑学；分析学；微积分；数学

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