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Predictors of Overuse Running Related Musculoskeletal Injuries

Menan A. Elmahdy1, Khaled Ayad2, Hamed Mohamed Elkhozamy3, Nadia Abdelazim Fayaz4

1Teaching Assistant, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Badr University in Cairo, Egypt
2Professor of Orthopaedic Physical Therapy, Deraya University and Cairo University, Egypt
3Lecturer of Orthopaedic Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Egypt
4Professor of Orthopaedic Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Egypt
Email: menanelmahdy@gmail.com

Abstract: Background: Running is one of the most widespread activities during which overuse injuries of the lower extremity occur. Long-distance running is very popular among participants of recreational sports. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to identify changes in degree of Q-angle, degree of foot pronation and hamstring flexibility as a significant predictor of overuse running related musculoskeletal injuries in distance runners as a result of their participation in training and competitions. Study design: prospective cohort study. Methods: Thirty athletes from National Egyptian team participated in this study. Data were collected and assessed from all athletes regarding intrinsic risk factors (gender, age, weight, height, previous injury, anatomical risk factors) and extrinsic risk factors (running experience, intensity, events and exposure/week), as a predictors for running related musculoskeletal injuries. The outcome measures: Q angle, foot pronation and hamstring flexibility were assessed using Auto cad system, navicular drop test and active knee extension test respectively, data were collected regarding intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors. Results: There was no statistical significant difference between injured and non-injured groups in gender, age, weight, height, previous injury, running experience, intensity, events and exposure/week. There was statistical significant difference between injured and non-injured groups in Q angle as the main predictor for overall running related injuries, and left foot pronation as the main predictor for leg injuries. There was no statistical significant difference between injured and non-injured groups in hamstring flexibility as a predictor for overall injuries or hamstring injuries. Conclusion: Q angle and foot pronation is a predictors for running related musculoskeletal injuries.
[Menan A. Elmahdy, Khaled Ayad, Hamed Mohamed Elkhozamy, Nadia Abdelazim Fayaz. Predictors of Overuse Running Related Musculoskeletal Injuries. N Y Sci J 2018;11(9):1-8]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 1. doi:10.7537/marsnys110918.01.

Keywords: Running related musculoskeletal injuries, Q angle, foot pronation, hamstring flexibility

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Effects of botanicals on Aspergillus and aflatoxin production in Egusi melon seeds

Obani, F. T¹²³*., Atehnkeng, J.², Ikotun, B¹. and Bandyopadhyay²

Department of Crop Protection and Environmental Biology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria. International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan, Nigeria. Michael Okpara University of Agriculture Umudike, Abia State, Nigeria.

*tochyfloxy@gmail.com

Abstract: Aflatoxin contamination (AC) in egusi is usually a postharvest problem. The protective impact of the powders of Negro pepper (NP), Xylopia aethiopica, scent leaf (SC), Ocimum gratissimum and Ashanti pepper (AP), Piper guineense treatments before storage can help reduce on aflatoxin formation and Aspergillus flavus growth in stored egusi Kernels. However, information on the use of botanicals on and AC mitigation in egusi is limited in Nigeria. Therefore, effects of NP, Xylopia aethiopica, scent SC, Ocimum gratissimum and AP, Piper guineense on A. flavus and AC were evaluated in this study. Clean Egusi kernels treated with botanical powders (10, 20 and 40 g/kg) were inoculated with A. flavus bi-weekly for 12 weeks storage period at room temperature to evaluate AC and growth reductions (%) of A. flavus using standard laboratory procedures. Piper guineense (40 g/kg), X. aethiopica (20 g/kg) and O. gratissimum (10 g/kg) powders significantly reduced AC by 42.5%, 56.5% and 45.0%, respectively; A. flavus growth was progressively reduced by P. guineense (5.5-90.0%), X. aethiopica (6.7-100.0%) and O. gratissimum (7.4-66.7%) up to twelve weeks of storage. Xylopia aethiopica at 20 g/kg reduced aflatoxin and A. flavus growth considerably and therefore could be used to mitigate aflatoxin contamination during storage of egusi kernels.

[Obani, F. T., Atehnkeng, J., Ikotun, B. and Bandyopadhyay. Effects of botanicals on Aspergillus and aflatoxin production in Egusi melon seeds. N Y Sci J 2018;11(9):9-20]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 2. doi:10.7537/marsnys110918.02.

Keywords: Aspergillus flavus, Aflatoxin, postharvest contamination, egusi, botanicals

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Modelling the Influence of Relative Humidity on Photosynthetically Active Radiation from Global Horizontal Irradiation in Six Tropical Ecological Zones in Nigeria

Nwokolo Chukwujindu Samuel ¹, Ogbulezie C. Julie ¹, Toge Christal ², John-Jaja Alwell Syvia ³

^1. Department of Calabar, Faculty of Science, University of Calabar, Nigeria

^2. Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria

³ Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Babcock University, Ilisha-Remo, Nigeria

Telephone: +2348066806702; nwokolosc@stud.unical.edu.ng

Abstract: In this study, modelling the influence of relative humidity on photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) from global horizontal irradiation (GHI) in six tropical ecological zones in Nigeria (Latitude 4.75-13.067^oN and Longitude 3.333-13.16^oE) using 22-year data (July 1983- June 2005) was analysed. The evaluated values of the PAR clearness index indicates that the prevailing sky condition in the Southern tropical zones is partly overcast while the Northern tropical zones experienced clear sky condition. The annual relative humidity reveals that Port Harcourt, Owerri, Ikeja and Abuja are heavily overcast whereas Maiduguri and Sokoto are partly overcast. From the analyses of the influence of relative humidity on PAR clearness, it was observed that the absorption of GHI in the near infrared (NIR) portion of the solar spectrum is greatly enhanced in the Southern tropical zones as a result of high relative humidity and prolonged rainfall thereby reducing PAR parameters in the zone compare to the Northern tropical zones. The quadratic regression correlation model developed deeming from the model performance test indicates that the proposed model could be used to estimate PAR accurately when the annual relative humidity is greater 64% in the six tropical ecological zones in Nigeria and other locations with comparable sky condition to Nigeria.

[Nwokolo Chukwujindu Samuel, Ogbulezie C. Julie, Toge Christal, John-Jaja Alwell Syvia. Modelling the Influence of Relative Humidity on Photosynthetically Active Radiation from Global Horizontal Irradiation in Six Tropical Ecological Zones in Nigeria. N Y Sci J 2018;11(9):21-35]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 3. doi:10.7537/marsnys110918.03.

Keywords: Equatorial line; Ecological modelling; Radiometric fluxes; PAR irradiation; Tropics; Global Horizontal Irradiation

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Study the soil chemical quality in artificial filter PP450 (Case study: Ramhourmoz rejion)

M. Tamimi¹, A. A. Naseri², Z. Izadpanah³, M. Ghobadinia⁴

^1- M.Sc. Student Irrigation and Drainage Department, Faculty of Water Sciences Engineering, Shahid Chamran University Of Ahvaz, Iran.

^2- Professor, Irrigation and Drainage Department, Shahid Chamran University Of Ahvaz, Iran.

^3-Assistant Professor, Irrigation and Drainage Department, Shahid Chamran University Of Ahvaz, Iran.

^4- Assistant Professor of Water Engineering Department, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran.

maede.tamimi@yahoo.com

Abstract: An essential part of each drainage system is the filter of drains. Drains filter is one of important factors in underground drainage system performance. The goal of this study was study Soil chemical quality in artificial filters in 2000 hours testing. The soil of Ramhourmoz area is studied in three treatments with three replication. First treatment in a continuous exploitation condition, second treatment is done by continius and discontinius flow and the third treatment is done through heating. Sampling process is done in 1/5 meter depth of installed drains in Soltan Abad region (In area lands of Fajr Ramhourmoz project ). The model was made of Polyethylene Cylinder which consists of lace, sand, artificial filters, soil and water. The exit water is used again. The quality of water and soil of the region was measured before the test. After three months soil quality is measured again and the result is presented in tables. The results indicates rises in all elements after 2000 hours data processing. Element rises percentage is the most in the over heating treatment due to the gravity of this treatment, Then is discontinius treatment and the one is constant treatment. Gyps and Carbonate amount in all measuring parts were zero.

[Tamimi M, Naseri A A, Izadpanah Z, Ghobadinia M. Study the soil chemical quality in artificial filter PP450 (Case study: Ramhourmoz rejion ). N Y Sci J 2018;11(9):36-38]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 4. doi:10.7537/marsnys110918.04.

Keywords: chemical quality, artificial filter, drainage

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Assessment geopolitical dilemmas West Asia region and its effects on the countries of South West Asia

Abolfazl Zamani¹, Samaneh Farhadi²

¹MA student in political geography, Faculty of Geographical Sciences, University of Kharazmi Tehran, Iran

²MA student in political geography, Faculty of Geographical Sciences, University of Kharazmi Tehran, Iran

Abstract: Geopolitical Zone South West Asia spite of the unique geopolitical opportunities, such as access to waterways and the strategic Strait and having huge reserves of oil and gas, the numerous geopolitical issues and problems such as dry belt wrapping on the planet, Water crisis, natural disasters, destruction of natural resources and environmental problems, problems of population, territorial and border disputes, ethnic and cultural diversity, land-based and single-product economy, social and economic inequalities, the low level of political participation, etc. Suffers. Although no bottlenecks and geopolitical problems alone as a determining factor in the underdevelopment of the South West Asia region considered, but also the role of these factors can not be denied. Existing geopolitical dilemmas of bad results in South West Asia, and intensifying a crisis within and between countries in the region is South West Asia, which prevented better and greater convergence and unity between them elderly, And another, more dependence of these countries to the West that heavy debt of some countries in the region and military-economic relations with Western countries, including the dependencies of these countries is strong. However, with proper management and planning, we can overcome many of these difficulties and geopolitical problems, And in order to resolve the crisis and make the necessary convergence between the countries of the region.

[Abolfazl Zamani, Samaneh Farhadi. Assessment geopolitical dilemmas West Asia region and its effects on the countries of South West Asia. N Y Sci J 2018;11(9):39-44]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 5. doi:10.7537/marsnys110918.05.

Key words: geopolitical dilemmas,, geopolitical South West Asia region, Security, Convergence, Divergence

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Time and Moisture Dependent Mechanical Properties of Freshly Harvested Cassava (Manihot esculenta) Tubers

Jaiyeoba, Kehinde F.¹, Fadele, N. T.², Adegbokan, O. B.², Aremu, David O.², and Ogunlade, Clement A.³

^1. Department of Agricultural Engineering, Adeleke University, Ede, Osun State. Nigeria

^2. Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal College of Agriculture, Moor Plantation, Ibadan, Nigeria.

jaiyeoba_k2007@yahoo.com

Abstract: Cassava is extensively cultivated as annual crop in tropical and subtropical regions for its edible starchy tuberous root, it is a major source of carbohydrates. It pounds food security during conflicts when the invader cannot easily destroy or remove the crop, since it conveniently grows underground. The objective of the project was to determine the mechanical properties of freshly harvested cassava tubers as affected by time and moisture content. The mechanical properties determined using Universal testing machine include tensile strength, compressive strength, compressive load at maximum compressive stress and thickness all determined at an interval of three days and duration of five times for 4 locally grown cassava tubers (odogbo, ita, idileru and oko iyawo) in Nigeria. Result showed that there was significant different in the level of moisture, time duration and varieties of the freshly harvested cassava at 5% probability level using Duncan Multiple Range Test. Idileru variety has the highest percent moisture content at the fifth week (77.74a) while Odogbo variety has the highest compressive strain at maximum compressive 1.60a.

[Jaiyeoba, K. F., Fadele, N. T., Adegbokan, O. B., Aremu, D. O., Ogunlade, C. A. Time and Moisture Dependent Mechanical Properties of Freshly Harvested Cassava (Manihot esculenta) Tubers. N Y Sci J 2018;11(9):45-50]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 6. doi:10.7537/marsnys110918.06.

Keywords: Cassava tubers, time, moisture content, variety, mechanical properties

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The Effect of Social Capital on Innovation and Creativity

Mohsen rezaee¹, fakhrodin hejazi²

¹PhD Student of Accounting shiraz university and Faculty member Emam Javad university, Yazd, Iran.

²PhD Student of management and CEO Behnavard, Yazd, Iran.

Abstract: The purpose of this study is the role of internal social capital in organizational innovation. In order to do research survey method was used. A questionnaire was used to collect research data. The standard questionnaire that its validity was confirmed according to the experts. Its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha. questionnaire was distributed among the population of 120 Family and nonfamily companies of which 105 questionnaires were collected. Collected data were analyzed by Spss software. Collected data were analyzed by Spss software. The findings indicate that social capital and organizational innovation in nonfamily firms, there is a positive correlation. Among subscales of social capital the cognitive structure of in nonfamily firms close relationship with organizational innovation.

[Mohsen rezaee, fakhrodin hejazi. The Effect of Social Capital on Innovation and Creativity. N Y Sci J 2018;11(9):51-58]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 7. doi:10.7537/marsnys110918.07.

Keywords: structural dimension, relational dimension, the cognitive.

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Effect Of Chemical Oxidation On Dissolved Oxygen In Remediation Of Hydrocarbon Contaminated Water In A 3-D Tropical Sand Tank

Olaolu G. Fadugba

Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Federal University of Technology, Akure Nigeria

Correspondence: Olaolu G. Fadugba, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Federal University of Technology, Akure P.M.B 704, Akure. Tel: +2348060016983.

Email: ogfadugba@futa.edu.ng

Abstract: This paper evaluates the effect of chemical oxidation on Dissolved Oxygen (DO) in remediation of hydrocarbon contaminated groundwater in a laboratory three Dimensional (3D) sand tank model. The chosen laboratory experimental porous media material is Alluvial Sand (Owena Sand). 60 ml of unleaded gasoline was introduced as a contaminant of concern into the 3-D sand tank via the injection wells. Thereafter, samples were taken periodically for 24 days, DO was tested for Natural Attenuation, subsequently, the Owena river sand was replaced in the sand tank and the same volume of gasoline was injected again, Potassium permanganate (KMnO₄) was chosen as oxidizing agent and varies in different percentages (1.5% and 5%), water samples were taken periodically for 24 days for testing. The results of the 50 g/l KMnO₄ had more dissolved oxygen and it is obvious that the oxidizing agent shows a significant longevity in the subsurface allowing for the increment in the DO concentration, therefore, KMnO₄ solutions is viable in remediating contaminant of concern by increasing the DO.

[Olaolu G. Fadugba. Effect Of Chemical Oxidation On Dissolved Oxygen In Remediation Of Hydrocarbon Contaminated Water In A 3-D Tropical Sand Tank. N Y Sci J 2018;11(9):59-63]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 8. doi:10.7537/marsnys110918.08.

Keywords: alluvial Sand, unleaded gasoline, Potassium permanganate, Dissolved Oxygen.

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Contribution of the Saudi Private Sector Companies in the Activities of Social Responsibilities and Environmental and the Extent of Accounting Disclosure "An Empirical Case Study"

Dr. Mohammed Al Moutaz Al Mujtaba Ibrahim ⁽¹⁾, Dr. Nimat Mohamed Saeed Bushara ⁽²⁾

¹Department of Accounting, College of Financial and Administration, Taif University, KSA

²Department of Business Administration, College of Financial and Administration, Taif University, KSA

Corresponding Author: moutaztaha2@gmail.com

Abstract: This study investigates the role of Saudi participant companies in the activities of social responsibility and the extent of accounting disclosure. The study used the comprehensive scientific method and the required data for achieving the aim of the study were conducted from research society via questionnaire designed and improved for this study. The sample is randomly chosen and it is about 200 people represented in financial managers of industrial and agricultural companies included under Saudi stock markets and reviewers beside the Saudi academic professors at Saudi universities, and for testing hypotheses of this study, Kolomgrov-Smirmov is used to make sure that the data are subjected to the normal distribution or not the test has shown that the data are not subjected to the normal distribution, therefore data were analyzed by statistical method rather than laboratory and One Sample Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test For Mediumi is used and the outcome of the study is that, the Saudi participant companies help in social services and maintaining the environment, beside fighting poverty and unemployment in addition to healthy care and educational services to the citizens.

[Mohammed Al Moutaz Al Mujtaba Ibrahim, Nimat Mohamed Saeed Bushara. Contribution of the Saudi Private Sector Companies in the Activities of Social Responsibilities and Environmental and the Extent of Accounting Disclosure "An Empirical Case Study". N Y Sci J 2018;11(9):64-77]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 9. doi:10.7537/marsnys110918.09.

Keywords: Saudi private sector companies, social responsibility, accounting disclosure, environmental.

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Recognition and enforcement of foreign Arbitral Awards Applying Is SLAMIC Lan Under The New York Convention 1958

Seyd Yousef Hosseini ^1*, Dr. Karim Chab ^2**

^1* Department Law, Persian Gulf International Branch, Islamic Azad university, khorramshahr, iran

^2** Department Law, Persian Gulf International Branch, Islamic Azad university, khorramshahr, iran

Abstract: This research is an attempt to study the role and position of convention in contracts of civil law, that is, when and how convention affects the concluded contract between contracting parties and to what extent convention value and credibility are in law? After providing definitions of convention in this text, sorts, pillars and its elements have been discussed. Then, we have studied the concept of convention from the standpoint of jurisprudence, its basis of authority and credibility conditions of the convention, its role in the major legal system and especially its role in contracts. Then, we discussed those cases of civil law which is aimed at the convention and finally, it is concluded from considering discussion, given that the juristic entity has been proven in jurisprudence and it is considered as one of the sources of law and; unfortunately, despite its importance and impact particularly in contracts, it is not defined in law, hence it is essential to define it. The convention in the legal system within the scope of the contract, illuminates definition of ambiguous words and phrases and will be determined in the silence of the parties towards contract terms and resolving substitute contract ambiguities. Legislator prevents law rigidity and inefficiency by accrediting convention in interpreting words and has made it synchronized with social development; that is why recognizing most of legal issues and determining their evidences are delegated to the convention.

[Seyd Yousef Hosseini, Karim Chab. Recognition and enforcement of foreign Arbitral Awards Applying Is SLAMIC Lan Under The New York Convention 1958. N Y Sci J 2018;11(9):78-85]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 10. doi:10.7537/marsnys110918.10.

Keywords: arbitration, the New York Convention, Islamic law, judicial Ra’ghyr, transnational arbitration.

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Volume of money influenced on the bubbles in Tehran Stock Exchange

Soghra dervishi¹, Hamid Reza Ranjbar Jamalabadi², Seyedeh Arezoo Mozafari³

¹Department of Accounting, Islamic Azad University, Yazd, Iran.

²(corresponding author), department of accounting, Yazd science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Yazd, Iran.

³Financial expert of University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.

Abstract: The impact of monetary policies on the bubble in Tehran Stock Exchange as well as the behavior of investors from 2011 to 2015 was reviewed in this research. All the estimations of the predicted model were made in Eviews7. Furthermore, the estimation of model was performed with the regression of Ordinary Least Squares (OLS). Study results showed that the volume of money had a positive impact on the stock market bubble in Iran, whereas quasi money had negative impacts on it.

[Soghra dervishi, Hamid Reza Ranjbar Jamalabadi, Seyedeh Arezoo Mozafari. Volume of money influenced on the bubbles in Tehran Stock Exchange. N Y Sci J 2018;11(9):86-91]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 11. doi:10.7537/marsnys110918.11.

Keywords: Ordinary Least, bubble, OLS.

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