Welcome to send your manuscript to: sciencepub@gmail.com

No.

Titles / Authors /Abstracts

Full Text

No.

1

TECHINICAL AND SCALE EFFICIENCY OF POULTRY EGG PRODUCTION IN NIGERIA

Ajiboye A*. Farayola C.O**, Ogunjimi O.O***

* Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension Services Ekiti State University

PMB 5363, Ado  Ekiti.  Ekiti State, Nigeria

** Agricultural Development Management Department, General Management Division, PMB 1383 Kwara State, Nigeria.

***Department of Agricultural Science Education, Emmanuel Alayande University of Education PMB 1010

Corresponding Author: abiodun.ajiboye@eksu.edu.ng

Telephone: +2348030452320

Abstract: The study investigated the technical and scale efficiency of poultry egg production in Nigeria using a stochastic frontier approach. Data used for the analysis was extracted from the Nigeria - General Household Survey, Panel 2018-2019, Wave 4 of the world Bank .The result showed that the dataset is filled with backyard production system which is very close to 99%. The remaining was for both semi intensive and intensive production system. Only 8 of the states did not attain to full scale efficiencies. The result showed a very poor performance in terms of TE-CRS and TE-VRS. For the efficiency by size, the intensive production system has the highest value while the backyard and semi intensive were the second and third values respectively. In terms of the sectorial categorization, there was virtually no difference in the efficiency performance of the urban and rural settings. The paper grossly underscored the abject negligence of government and other high capacity stakeholders of the poultry subsector in the country.

[Ajiboye A. Farayola C.O, Ogunjimi O.O. TECHINICAL AND SCALE EFFICIENCY OF POULTRY EGG PRODUCTION IN NIGERIA. World Rural Observ 2024;16(3):1-8]. ISSN: 1944-6543 (Print); ISSN: 1944-6551 (Online). http://www.sciencepub.net/rural. 01. doi:10.7537/marswro160324.01.

Keywords: TECHINICAL; SCALE EFFICIENCY; POULTRY; EGG; PRODUCTION; NIGERIA

Full Text

1

2

What will the weather conditions be like in 2024 ? and   North American Monsoon Time Scale

Gangadhar

H.No.5-30-4/1, Saibabanagar, Jeedimetla, Hyderabad, India-500055

Email:  gangadhar19582058@gmail.com

Abstract:  What will the weather conditions be like in 2024 ? There are many mysteries and unsolved issues in the monsoonal climate and Weather systems that cannot explain and solve. I proposed and designed the Basics of Monsoon Time Scales for all world global, regional, local monsoon systems along with countries for unraveling the mysteries of climate, weather, monsoons; studying the characteristics of mechanism of climate, weather and monsoons and exercising the benefits of mankind and development of monsoonal climate and weather sciences.  Based on the available data analysis of the Monsoon Time Scale when observing and examining the monsoonal track carefully since last 1880, we can note that- By 1880, the monsoonal track at peak and caused heavy rains and floods. Between 1900-1930,it was traveled in the low position and caused droughts and famines, Again 1930-85, it was traveling in the upper position and caused heavy rains and floods. Again 1985-2010, it was traveled in the lower position and caused droughts and famines. At present, the monsoonal track has been traveling upwards since 2010. Based on this monsoonal track observations of past, it is estimated that there will be climate changes in the coming years "i.e" heavy rains and floods will occur until around 2075 and droughts and famines will occur until 2150 all over the world countries.  Through the establishment of Monsoon Time Scales, we can know the future consequences of the climate changes. Plans can be made accordingly. So, scientists can establish the Monsoon Time Scale and predict what is going to happen in the monsoonal climate in the coming years roughly. I call on the world scientists to establish the North American Monsoon Time Scale following the Basics of Monsoon Time Scales outlined below, based on the India Monsoon Time Scale which is successfully proved out in practice which can help to study the past, present and future conditions of the North American monsoon.

[Gangadhar. What will the weather conditions be like in 2024 ? and   North American Monsoon Time Scale. World Rural Observ 2024;16(3):9-54]. ISSN: 1944-6543 (Print); ISSN: 1944-6551 (Online). http://www.sciencepub.net/rural. 02. doi:10.7537/marswro160324.02

Keywords:   Global Monsoons Time Scales, North American Monsoon Time Scale, North African Monsoon Time Scale, Indian Monsoons Time Scale, East Asian Monsoon Time Scale, Western North Pacific Monsoon Time Scale, South American Monsoon Time Scale, South African Monsoon Time Scale, Australian Monsoon Time Scale, European Monsoon Time Scale

Full Text

2

3

ENVI- MET SIMULATION ON COOLING EFFECT OF MELAKA RIVER

*Golnoosh Manteghi¹ , Hasanuddin Lamit¹, Dilshan Remaz¹,  Ardalan Aflaki²

¹Centre for Study of the Built Environment in the Malay World” (kalam), Faculty Built Environment, University Technology Malaysia, 81300, Johor, Malaysia

² Faculty Built Environment, University Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

* Corresponding Author. Tel: +601110692007

Email address: mgolnoosh2@live.utm.my

Abstract

The creation of a concentrated local microclimate within urban environments is regarded as crucial, as urbanisation precipitates increased heat stress in the hot and humid climates. Previously, the heat in Malacca city has been recorded, but not much attention has been paid to the cooling effect of city’s water bodies. Whereas the evaporative effect of water is seen as an alternative for mitigating the environmental ambient temperature. Rivers are a source of coolant for the microclimate of the surrounding area. Other researchers pointed out that evaporative cooling via water bodies or features represents the most efficient passive manner of cooling buildings or urban spaces.  In order to determine the role of water body upon microclimates, a simulation programme, Envi-met, was used. The utilization of the software is intended to analyse the temperature distribution of a common urban layout with and without water and with greenery.  Our literature review suggests that vegetation and water bodies can be effective ways of reducing urban temperatures by 0.5 to 4.0°C. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that the increase of evapotranspiration in cities, derived from vegetation and water body, can effectively mitigate the effect of urban heat islands.

[Golnoosh Manteghi, Hasanuddin Lamit, Dilshan Remaz, Ardalan Aflaki. ENVI- MET SIMULATION ON COOLING EFFECT OF MELAKA RIVER. World Rural Observ 2024;16(3):55-8]. ISSN: 1944-6543 (Print); ISSN: 1944-6551 (Online). http://www.sciencepub.net/rural. 03. doi:10.7537/marswro160324.03

Keywords: Envi-met simulation, water body, greenery, cooling effect

Full Text

3

4

Prediction of nitrogen availability in soils under commercial mulberry vegetation of Eastern India from organic carbon content

R. Kar, V. Vijay, M. K. Ghosh, S. K. Dutta and K. Trivedi

Soil Science and Chemistry Section, Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Central Silk Board, Berhampore-742101, West Bengal, India

Email: ranjitkr4@gmail.com

Abstract: Appropriate quantification of nitrogen availability in soil is the prerequisite for proper implementation of soil-test based fertilizer-application scheme. But, most of the soil testing laboratories use soil organic carbon level to suggest fertilizer dose for nitrogen and hence, the present study has been initiated to develop prediction equation for estimating available nitrogen content of soil from its organic carbon content to facilitate the implementation of soil test based nitrogen fertilizer application in mulberry garden. A total of 300 soil samples comprising 100 locations from each of Malda, Murshidabad and Birbhum districts have been analyzed for estimation of organic carbon as well as corresponding available nitrogen content. Analytical data have further been subjected to regression analysis and district wise working equations have been developed to predict nitrogen availability in soil from its organic carbon content. All the equations have registered quite higher R² values, significant at 1% level and thus, considered viable to predict nitrogen availability in soil. Moreover, comparison between predicted and observed values of available nitrogen content in some selected soil samples of each of the districts has been done to ascertain accuracy of these equations. The accuracy has been found reasonable in terms of ±10% variation and thus, the developed equations are competent enough to predict nitrogen availability in soil under mulberry vegetation of the districts under investigation.

[R. Kar, V. Vijay, M. K. Ghosh, S. K. Dutta and K. Trivedi. Prediction of nitrogen availability in soils under commercial mulberry vegetation of Eastern India from organic carbon content. World Rural Observ 2024;16(3):62-65]. ISSN: 1944-6543 (Print); ISSN: 1944-6551 (Online). http://www.sciencepub.net/rural. 04. doi:10.7537/marswro160324.04

Key words: Available nitrogen, mulberry, organic carbon, prediction, soil-test

Full Text

4

5

The impact of price changes on sugar beet crop in Egypt

Dr. Ahmed Mahmoud Abd El-Aziz Mohamed

Senior Researcher, Agricultural Economics Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt

Email: Dr.Ahmed.Mahmoud4@Gmail.com

Abstract: The research aimed to identify the impact of price changes on sugar beet crop in Egypt, by identifying the role of farm price in changing the value of production and thus farmers' income from sugar beet crop in Egypt, using the triple discrete effect, estimating the supply response function for sugar beet crop in Egypt using different models, estimating the targeted area for sugar beet cultivation in light of price changes according to the supply response models under study, estimating the guaranteed price for sugar beet crop in Egypt, and predicting the area planted with sugar beet crop in light of the Akaike criterion according to the models under study. To achieve its objectives, the research relied on using index numbers to measure the triple discrete effect using the change partitioning method, and supply response functions according to the models of Mark Nerlove, Fisher, Solow, Jorgenson, Kudhy, and modified Mark Nerlove, and using the Akaike criterion for prediction. The research results showed that the separate effect of the change in the cultivated area only, without the effect of the other elements, led to an increase in the total production value by about 168.75 million pounds. It also showed that the separate effect of the change in productivity per feddan only, without the effect of the other elements, led to an increase in the total production value by about 0.44 million pounds. It also showed that the separate effect of the change in the farm price only, without the effect of the other elements, led to an increase in the total production value by about 295.89 million pounds. The supply response function for sugar beet crop in Egypt was estimated during the period (2005-2022), using the models of Nerlove, Fisher, Solow, Jorgenson, Kudhy and modified Nerlove. The results of the statistical estimation of the supply response models showed that all the aforementioned estimated models were significant at a significance level of 0.01 according to the calculated (F) value. By estimating the supply response function for sugar beet crop using the Nerlove model, it was found that an increase in the farm price by 1% leads to an increase in the cultivated area by 0.43%, 0.87% respectively. The modified Nerlove model was also used, where other variables related to the crop were added to the basic Nerlove model and analyzed statistically, where the significance of the farm price and the cost of production per feddan for sugar beet crop in the previous year was proven, as well as the price risk for sugar beet crop, which represents the standard deviation of the farm price for sugar beet crop for the previous three years, where It was found that an increase in the farm price of sugar beet in the previous year by one pound leads to a response from farmers to increase the cultivated area of ​​the crop by 1580 feddans, while a decrease in both the cost of production of an feddan of sugar beet in the previous year by one pound, and the price risk of sugar beet by 1%, leads to a response from farmers to increase the cultivated area of ​​the crop by 40 and 1680 feddans, respectively. By estimating the targeted area for sugar beet cultivation in light of price changes, it was found that there was a decrease in the actual cultivated area compared to its targeted counterpart according to the Solow, Jorgenson, Kudhy, and modified Mark Nerlove models, where the decrease amounted to about 22, 6, 29, and 354 thousand feddans, respectively. By estimating the guaranteed price of the sugar beet crop in Egypt for the average period (2005-2022), it was found that the guaranteed price estimated using the product of multiplying the cost of living index for the base year 2005 by the actual price for previous years was estimated at about 431 pounds per ton, which is 21 pounds more than the actual price of about 410 pounds per ton. Accordingly, determining the farm price using this method is the optimal method, as the estimated price is greater than the actual price, which allows for a profitable net return for the farmer, encouraging him to increase production. The area planted with sugar beet was predicted in light of the Akaike criterion according to the models under study, as the model with the lowest value of the Akaike criterion is considered the best model because it reduces the difference between the estimated model data and the actual model data. This criterion was used because it is more suitable for the study data, as it excludes or neglects any effect due to the time-lag or time-shifted periods, as it was found that the Solow model is the best model for prediction according to the Akaike criterion, which amounted to about 10.70, as it is expected that the area planted with sugar beet in Egypt will increase from about 696 thousand feddans in 2023 to about 888 thousand feddans in 2030 with an average area of ​​about 792 thousand feddans and an increase rate of about 27.69% over 2023.

[Ahmed Mahmoud Abd El-Aziz Mohamed. The impact of price changes on sugar beet crop in Egypt. World Rural Observ 2024;16(3):66-80]. ISSN: 1944-6543 (Print); ISSN: 1944-6551 (Online). http://www.sciencepub.net/rural. 05. doi:10.7537/marswro160324.05.

Keywords: Triple discrete effect, supply response models, target area, guarantee price, Akaike forecasting criterion

Full Text

5