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Antinutrients in Ruminant Feeds: A review

Isiaka O.  Olarinre, Mohammed A.  Al-Badwi and Mutassim M. Abdelrahman*

Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia

*Corresponding author: mutassimm@yahoo.com

Abstract: The current challenges in ruminant production are the development of strategies to reduce the cost of feeding, improve the quality of products as well as mitigate the negative impact of production on the environment. Plant-based feeds are chiefly available for animals and may be used to reduce the cost of feeding. However, the presence of toxic substances known as antinutrients limits their full utilization in livestock industries. They are present in different feeds of energy and protein sources. The antinutrients such as saponins, cyanogenic glycosides, goitrogen, lectin, phytoestrogen, oxalate, protease inhibitors, trypsin inhibitors, alkaloids, mimosine, and phytates are harmful to animals when consumed in large quantities. They have unpalatable effects on the digestive system, as well as the overall production performance and welfare of the animals. The exact effects of antinutrients on ruminant gut microbiota and microbiome have not been adequately reported. However, different strategies to enhance the bioavailable nutrients such as milling, soaking, steaming, fermentation, germination, autoclaving, and the use of supplements have been established to improve the quality of plant-based feed and to ameliorate their disastrous effects on the overall quantity and quality of production characterizing of animals.

[Isiaka O. Olarinre, Mohammed A.  Al-Badwi and Mutassim M. Abdelrahman. Antinutrients in Ruminant Feeds: A review. Researcher 2022;14(4):1-8] ISSN 1553-9865 (print); ISSN 2163-8950 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 1. doi:10.7537/marsrsj140422.01.

Keywords: Antinutrients, food bioavailable, phytoestrogen, gut microbiome, ruminants

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Study On The Promoting International Understanding Through Education Among The Students

¹Vivek  Upadhyay, ²Dr. Alka Kumari and ³Dr. Devendra Kumar

¹Research Scholar, Department of Education, SunRise University, Alwar, Rajasthan (India)

²Assistant Professor, Department of Education, SunRise University, Alwar, Rajasthan (India)

³Assistant Professor, Department of Education, BIMT College, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh (India)

Email: upadhyay487@gmail.com

ABSTRACT: All the nations are fighting single-handed to defeat poverty and unemployment but they can do nothing separately. The people will have to be international minded giving up narrow national outlook. They will have to co-operate with one-another in defeating poverty and unemployment. The feeling of nationalism must be changed into internationalism. A concern of universal brotherhood friendliness and good will must prevail. As soon as this feeling arises in our mind, the problem of international understanding will arise itself. Students should feel that they are the members of one world, one community. They should be encouraged to practice tolerance, mutual help and respect for others. The feeling of world citizenship is to be fostered among students through co-curricular activities in school. This article is an attempt to flash some light on Education for International Understanding. There are some of the ways and means of organising education for promoting the feelings of internationalism and the teacher plays a very vital role in contributing international understanding.

[Upadhyay, V., Kumari, A. and Devendra, K. STUDY ON THE PROMOTING INTERNATIONAL UNDERSTANDING THROUGH EDUCATION AMONG THE STUDENTS. Researcher 2022;14(4):9-12] ISSN 1553-9865 (print); ISSN 2163-8950 (online) http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 2. doi:10.7537/marsrsj140422.02.

KEYWORDS: - Nationalism, International, Education, Students, Understanding

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A STUDY ON FEMALE FOETICIDE IN INDIA

¹Raman Nehra and ²Dr Balasasheb Garje

¹Research Scholar, Department of Law, SunRise University, Alwar, Rajasthan (India)

²Associate Professor, Department of Law, SunRise University, Alwar, Rajasthan (India)

Email: rnehra39@gmail.com

Abstract: Women are murdered all over the world. But in India a most brutal form of killing females takes place regularly, even before they have the opportunity to be born. Female feticide--the selective abortion of female fetuses--is killing upwards of one million females in India annually with far-ranging and tragic consequences. In some areas, the sex ratio of females to males has dropped to less than 8000:1000. Females not only face inequality in this culture, they are even denied the right to be born. Why do so many families selectively abort baby daughters? In a word: economics. Aborting female fetuses is both practical and socially acceptable in India. Female feticide is driven by many factors, but primarily by the prospect of having to pay a dowry to the future bridegroom of a daughter. While sons offer security to their families in old age and can perform the rites for the souls of deceased parents and ancestors, daughters are perceived as a social and economic burden. Prenatal sex detection technologies have been misused, allowing the selective abortions of female offspring to proliferate. Legally, however, female feticide is a penal offence. Although female infanticide has long been committed in India, feticide is a relatively new practice, emerging concurrently with the advent of technological advancements in prenatal sex determination on a large scale in the 1990s. While abortion is legal in India, it is a crime to abort a pregnancy solely because the fetus is female. Strict laws and penalties are in place for violators. These laws, however, have not stemmed the tide of this abhorrent practice. This article will discuss the socio-legal conundrum female feticide presents, as well as the consequences of having too few women in Indian society.

[Nehra, R. and Garje, B. A STUDY ON FEMALE FOETICIDE IN INDIA. Researcher 2022;14(4):13-19] ISSN 1553-9865 (print);ISSN 2163-8950 (online) http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 3. doi:10.7537/marsrsj140422.03.

Keywords: FEMALE, FOETICIDE,  INDIA

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The New Prime theorems (1541)—（1590）

Chun-Xuan Jiang

P.O. Box 3924,Beijing 100854,P.R.China

jcxxxx@163.com

Abstract

In this paper using Jiang function  we prove that the new prime theorems (1541)-(1590) contain infinitely many prime solutions and no prime solutions. From (6) we are able to find the smallest solution. . This is the Book theorem。It is the greatest mathematical discovery that was ever made.

[Chun-Xuan Jiang.The New Prime theorems (1541)—（1590）. Researcher 2022;14(4):20-96] ISSN 1553-9865 (print); ISSN 2163-8950 (online) http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 4. doi:10.7537/marsrsj140422.04.

Keywords: New; Prime; theorem; Chun-Xuan Jiang

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Andragogy and Pedagogy and their differences

Yasin Sadighi

Marvdasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran

E-mail: yasin_sadighi@yahoo.com

Abstract: Teaching adults can be very challenging, but also very rewarding. Most teachers would agree that the benefits derived from a successful adult education program in agriculture far outweigh the costs. In addition to the direct benefits to adult participants, the teacher, the school, the community, and the secondary program also benefit from a quality adult education program in agriculture. Adults in agriculture use a number of sources to gain new information that can be used to help them solve problems. Persons employed in agriculture utilize newspapers, magazines, newsletters, radio, television, government publications, internet, and meetings to gather information which can be directly utilized in their business activities. In many communities, the agriculture teacher is the primary source of agricultural information.

[Yasin Sadighi. Andragogy and Pedagogy and their differences. Researcher2022;14(4):97-101]ISSN1553-9865(print);ISSN2163-8950(online)http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher.5.doi:10.7537/marsrsj140422.05.

Keywords: Andragogy, Pedagogy, adult education.

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Distance education in improving adult education

Saber Geraeili

Marvdasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran

E-mail: saber_geraeili@yahoo.com

Abstract: Getting a college education can be difficult for people with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Frequent trips to the restroom, exhaustion, doctor visits, and medication side effects are all barriers to the traditional college experience. What if you could get the degree without ever setting foot on a campus? You can do just that through distance or virtual learning. Distance learning has been around for a long time (we've all seen the commercials on TV). While there is still prejudice surrounding some distance learning, it is increasingly being accepted as an alternative to traditional classroom learning. Courses can be offered via the Internet, where students are able to interact with instructors and other students without physically being in the same room.

[Saber Geraeili. Distance education in improving adult education. Researcher 2022;14(4):102-106] ISSN 1553-9865 (print); ISSN 2163-8950 (online) http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 6. doi:10.7537/marsrsj140422.06.

Keywords: Distance education, adult education

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