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Newcastle Disease

Zeinab M. S. Amin Girh¹, Nagwa S. Rabie¹ and Mona S. Zaki²

¹Department of Poultry Diseases, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt

²Hydrobiology Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza Egypt

dr_mona_zaki@yahoo.co.uk

Abstract: Newcastle disease is a contagious bird disease affecting many domestic and wild avian species and which can be transmissible to humans. It is caused by avian paramyxovirus serotype 1, with viruses of the other eight serotypes (avian paramyxovirus 1-9) has been placed in the genus Avulavirus, sub-family Paramyxovirinae, family Paramyxoviridae. The transmission of Newcastle disease occurs through respiratory aerosols, exposure to fecal and other excretions from infected birds, through newly introduced birds, selling and giving away sick birds and contacts with contaminated feed, water, equipment and clothing. The strain of Newcastle pathogenicity can be classified into five pathotype: Asymptomatic enteric strain; Lentogenic strain; Mesogenic stain; Viscerotropic velogenic strain and Neurotropic velogenic strain. Clinical signs are extremely variable depending on the strain of virus, species and age of bird, concurrent disease, and preexisting immunity caused by paramixovirus with worldwide distribution affecting chickens (all poultry and birds are susceptible) of all age group are susceptible. Symptoms from the respiratory tract are gasping, coughing, sneezing and rales. Signs from the nervous system include tremors, paralyzed wings and legs, twisted necks, circling, clinic spasms and sometimes complete paralysis. Other general symptoms that can be seen are greenish diarrhea, depression and inappetence, partial or complete drop in egg production and an increased production of deformed eggs. Clinical diagnosis based on history, signs and lesions may establish a strong index of suspicion but the laboratory confirmation must be done. The general approaches to the control of Newcastle disease are hygiene and vaccination. Humans are among the many species that can be infected by Newcastle disease in addition to avian species. The objective of this review is to understand the Newcastle disease causative agent, pathogenicity, clinical sign and how to prevent and control the Newcastle disease, which concerned with the currently published or reported research.

[Zeinab M. S. Amin Girh, Nagwa S. Rabie and Mona S. Zaki. Newcastle Disease. Researcher 2018;10(11):1-7]. ISSN 1553-9865 (print); ISSN 2163-8950 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 1. doi:10.7537/marsrsj101118.01.

Keywords: Newcastle disease; human; avian paramyxovirus; Avulavirus, Paramyxovirinae; pathogenicity; clinical sign

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Energy and Nutrients Intake among Children Aged 2-5 Years in Upper Egypt Governorates

Hany H. El-Gazzar¹ (PhD); Salwa M. Saleh² (M.D) and Ahmed S. Marie³ (PhD)

¹Assistant Professor of Nutrition and Food Science, National Nutrition Institute, Cairo, Egypt

²Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, National Nutrition Institute, Cairo, Egypt

³Lecture of Child Health, National Nutrition Institute, Cairo, Egypt

drsalwamahmoud@yahoo.com

Abstract: The present study was carried out among children aged 2-5 years in Upper Egypt governorates (Menia, Assiut, Sohag and Qena) to assessment their nutritional status. The participants were recruited from 4 Egyptian governorates grand total (1131) mainly in Upper Egypt. The children were selected randomly from each governorate according to these numbers were Menia (161 boys and 161 girls), Assiut (169 boys and 138 girls), Sohag (182 boys and 137girls ) and Qena (100 boys and 83) girls. Weight and height was documented affording to the standardized systems. Height for age was used as indicator of stunting It is characterized as: Normal (-2 to +2SD), Short stature <-2SD, and Tall if >+2SD. BMI was characterized as: Normal (>-2 to <+1), Over weight (>+1 SD), Obese (>+2SD) and Thinness (<-2 SD). Data on nutritional standing had been collected using specially designed questionnaires to cover essential data on: Food intake (24 hours recall), and Dietary pattern “Food frequency” for selected items. The energy and nutrient content of the 24 hour was computed within the accumulated food composition tables of the NNI (National Nutrition Institute). All analyses were conducted using SPSS. The results demonstrated that the rate of underweight was higher between girls (underweight = 35.1%) in comparison with boys (underweight = 26.5 %,) and the overall rate of underweight was 31%. Also, there were no significant difference in energy intake between boys and girls in all governorates. Data obtained from the study illustrated that the mean protein intake in Menia governorate was also the least. However, it was nearly the same in the other three governorates. The results showed that the highest intake of vitamin A among girls was 177 µg/RE in Sohag while the least intake was 136 µg/RE among boys in Qena. Conclusion: There is an disproportion in healthy eating, dietary ingestion and nutrition education programs necessity to be developed as a part of an intervention program for young children in Upper Egypt governorates.

[Hany H. El-Gazzar; Salwa M. Saleh and Ahmed S. Marie. Energy and Nutrients Intake among Children Aged 2-5 Years in Upper Egypt Governorates. Researcher 2018;10(11):8-15]. ISSN 1553-9865 (print); ISSN 2163-8950 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 2. doi:10.7537/marsrsj101118.02.

Keywords: Energy; Nutrient; Intake; Children; Upper Egypt Governorate

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Coporological Prevalence Of Gastrointestinal Parasites Of Shoats In Hulet Ejjue Enesie And Bibugne Districts Of East Gojjam Zone, Northwest Ethiopia

Birara Ayalneh Tamiru

Hulet Ejjue Enesie District Veterinary Clinic East Gojjam Zone, Northwest Ethiopia.

Tel. 0923547361.

E-mail: biraraayalneh@gmail.com.

Abstract: A cross-sectional study was conducted from November, 2017 to March, 2018. A total of 384 fecal samples were randomly collected directly from the rectum of individual animal. 196 from sheep and 188 from goats to determine the prevalence of various endoparasites in Hulet Ejjue Enesie and Bibugne districts of East Gojjam Zone, Northwest Ethiopia. Parasitological investigation was performed using sedimentation technique. Data were analyzed using Stata version12.0 software programs. Accordingly, an overall prevalence 44% was found positive for endoparasites. The prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites tended to be higher in sheep 60.7% than in goats 26.5%. endoparasites identified in sheep included Haemoncus (52%), Coccidia (44.3%), Trichuris (34.6%), Nematodirus (22.9%), paramphistomum 18.3% and Fasciola (60.7%) while only Haemoncus (26.5%), Trichuris (11.7%), Coccidia 19.6% and Fasciola (4.2%) were recorded from the fecal samples of goat. A statistically significant difference (P < 0.05) was found in prevalence between species.

 [Birara Ayalneh Tamiru. Coporological Prevalence Of Gastrointestinal Parasites Of Shoats In Hulet Ejjue Enesie And Bibugne Districts Of East Gojjam Zone, Northwest Ethiopia. Researcher 2018;10(11):16-20]. ISSN 1553-9865 (print); ISSN 2163-8950 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 3. doi:10.7537/marsrsj101118.03.

Key words: Endoparasites, Hulet Ejjue Enesie, Bibugne, Prevalence, Sheep, Goats

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Robot Arm Using Origami Twisted Tower Design

Jaesung Oh ¹, Eumin Hong ²

¹ PhD Candidate, Hubo Lab, KAIST Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul South Korea

² Horace Mann School, 231 West 246^th Street, Bronx, NY 10471

milouhong45@gmail.com

Abstract: The origins of origami can be traced to Asia, where paper was folded to create children’s toys, ceremonial gifts, and works of art. However, origami currently plays a different role: utilizing the flexibility and rigidity of paper, scientists implement origami to solve various engineering problems. The origami design chosen to be studied was the origami twisted tower, which is capable of stretching, compressing, and bending, in a way similar to that of the human arm.

[Jaesung Oh, Eumin Hong. Robot Arm Using Origami Twisted Tower Design. Researcher 2018;10(11):21-24]. ISSN 1553-9865 (print); ISSN 2163-8950 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 4. doi:10.7537/marsrsj101118.04.

Keywords: robotics, design, origami

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Modelling Single Channel Server (M/M/1) to the Problem of Queues in Banking Industry

Bello, A. Hamidu

Department of statistics, school of sciences, Federal university of technology, Akure - Ondo state, Nigeria

e-mail: habello@futa.edu.ng.

Abstract: The research is modelling single channel to the problem of queues in banking industry: A comparative study of Guaranty Trust Bank (GTB) and First Bank of Nigeria (FBN) at Federal University of Technology, Akure (FUTA) branch. Nigeria. The Objectives are to determine the average number of customers in a queue, average time customers spend on queue at the Automated Teller Machine (ATM), average waiting time of customers in the system, compute the probability that server would be idle in a single day. Data were primarily collected and recorded based on the arrival pattern and service pattern of customers. One sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was performed on the collected data and this established that the arrival and service time of customers at the ATMs centre are Poisson and exponentially distributed respectively. The M/M/s queuing model is therefore considered to be the best in modelling the queuing system. The results obtained from the estimation of parameters showed that the number of customers that arrive per unit time for GTB is greater that of FBN (0.4885 > 0.3712). It can be seen that the traffic intensity at GTB is more than that of FBN which means there will be more customers on the queue at GTB than FBN which is also confirmed by the values of the expected number of customers in the queue. Also, the probability that a customer will have to wait for service at GTB is 0.7 which is higher than that of FBN which is 0.6. In conclusion the service level increases at an optimal service level, as the waiting time of the customer is also reduced during the off pick period and the finding also shows that using FBN ATM is faster than GTB ATM.

[Bello, A. Hamidu.. Modelling Single Channel Server (M/M/1) to the Problem of Queues in Banking Industry. Researcher 2018;10(11):25-31]. ISSN 1553-9865 (print); ISSN 2163-8950 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 5. doi:10.7537/marsrsj101118.05.

Keywords: Modelling, Kolmogorov – Smirnov test, M/M/1 Queuing model, ATM.

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The New Prime theorem（15）

Chun-Xuan Jiang

P. O. Box 3924, Beijing 100854, P. R. China.

jiangchunxuan@vip.sohu.com

Abstract: Using Jiang function we prove that there exist infinitely many primes  such that each of  is a prime.

[Chun-Xuan Jiang. The New Prime theorem（15）. Researcher 2018;10(11):32-35]. ISSN 1553-9865 (print); ISSN 2163-8950 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 6. doi:10.7537/marsrsj101118.06

Keywords: prime; theorem; function; number; new

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Relationship between the dimensions of culture and the dimensions of technology acceptance in Iranian Central Oil Field Company (ICOFC)

Farshad hajalian ¹, Hossein saneii ²

^1.  Department of management, Firoozkooh Branch, Islamic Azad University, firoozkooh, Iran

^2.  Department of management, Firoozkooh Branch, Islamic Azad University, firoozkooh, Iran

f_hajalian@yahoo.com, h_saneii@yahoo.com,

Abstract: The use of new technologies is one of the ways that underdeveloped countries use to reduce their gap with developed countries. This goal is achieved when different factors influencing the can be achieved with identification and control of various factors affecting the acceptance and use of technology. The main objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between the dimensions of culture and technology acceptance for Implemention of appropriate organizational culture to increase the technology acceptance in Iranian Central Oil Field Company of iran. The research is a cross-survey by target application. The research population is 950 people. Using a random sampling of a number of questionnaires were distributed among employees and 212 valid questionnaires were collected. Participants answered two questionnaire. The first questionnaire, assesses the Hofstede culture in six dimensions: power distance, uncertainty avoidance, masculinity, feminity, individualism and collectivism and the second questionnaire assesses four dimensions of davis technology acceptance model involves the perception of usefulness, attitude towards, perception of ease of use and using. The data from the questionnaires were analyzed by using structural equation modeling using software (LISREL v.8.8). Results of structural equation modeling showed that if uncertainty avoidance, masculinity and individualism are high in the members of a society, they won’t resist accepting and using technology. In other words, if the members of research population have high anxiety towards unknown future circumstances, they will look for ways to reduce this anxiety.

[Farshad hajalian, Hossein saneii. Relationship between the dimensions of culture and the dimensions of technology acceptance in Iranian Central Oil Field Company (ICOFC). Researcher 2018;10(11):39-48]. ISSN 1553-9865 (print); ISSN 2163-8950 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 7. doi:10.7537/marsrsj101118.07.

Key words: Acceptance Model (TAM), Hofstede culture

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Rutting performance of Polyethylene, Lime and Elvaloy modified Asphalt Mixes

Kamran Muzaffar Khan ¹, Hanifullah ², Mujaddad Afzal ³, Faizan Ali ⁴, Afaq Ahmed ⁵, Tahir Sultan⁶

^1* Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, UET Taxila, Pakistan. kamran.muzaffar@uettaxila.edu.pk

² Lecturer, Department of Civil Engineering, UET Taxila, Pakistan. hanif_civilengr@yahoo.com

^{3, 4} Research Associate, Department of Civil Engineering, UET Taxila, Pakistan. faceuet@hotmail.com

⁵ Lecturer, Department of Civil Engineering, UET Taxila, Pakistan. afaq.ahmad@uettaxila.edu.pk

⁶ Lecturer, Department of Civil Engineering, BZU Multan, Pakistan. chtahir786@hotmail.com

Abstract: A key element in the performance of asphalt is its resistance to rutting. Many modifiers can be used to improve the properties of asphalt and to enhance its rut resistance. This research is aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of Polyethylene modified, Lime modified and Elvaloy modified asphalt mixes in improving the performance of asphaltic concrete regarding rutting resistance and to compare it with the performance of conventional NHA (National Highway Authority Pakistan) Class-A mix. In this study the compacted asphalt mixes were tested for resistance to rutting by subjecting all the specimens to 10,000 repetitions of a loaded wheel and the rut depth for each specimen was determined using wheel tracking machine. Polyethylene modified mixes showed better resistance to rutting than all the other mixes and the conventional NHA class-A mix showed the poorest performance. The order of performance is polyethylene modified mix performed best, then lime modified mix, then elvaloy modified mix and then conventional (unmodified) NHA class-A mix. Results indicated that better quality asphalt concrete mixes regarding rut resistance can be prepared using lime modified mixes, polyethylene modified mixes and using polymer modified bitumen (PMB) in the HMA instead of unmodified bitumen.

[Kamran M. K, Haniffulah, Mujaddad A., Faizan A., Afaq A., Tahir S. Rutting performance of Polyethylene modified, Lime modified and Elvaloy modified Asphalt Mixes. Researcher 2018;10(11):49-57]. ISSN 1553-9865 (print); ISSN 2163-8950 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 8. doi:10.7537/marsrsj101118.08.

Keywords: Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA), Rutting, Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE), hydrated lime, PMB, Wheel tracker.

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Determining the relationship between science and technology development indicators in private sector industries of Iran via path analysis based on cooperative game theory

Mostafa Jafari¹, Majid Tootooni^2* (Corresponding author), Meisam Jafari Eskandari³

¹Department of Industrial Engineering, Iran University of Science & Technology, Iran

²Department of Industrial Engineering, Iran University of Science & Technology, Iran

³Department of Industrial Engineering, Payame Noor University, I.R. of Iran

M_tootooni@iust.ac.ir

Abstract: This paper reviews the interactive relationship between science and technology performance indicators used by Iran private sector industry based on balanced scorecard approach, using a combination of path analysis and game theory. There are four dimensions to the evaluation of support provided by development organizations in the Iran Ministry of Industries and Mines to empower the private sector in domains of science and technology based on the scorecard approach. In the first step, evaluation indices were derived based on field studies, and accordingly bilateral questionnaires were developed. These Indicators were grouped into some categories, named strategic issues of that field, followed by the assessment of correlation between them. Next, relationships between these issues were examined by means of the concept of game theory in the form of a multi-factorial structure, and ultimately, executive paths were determined based on priorities to achieve desired goals and objectives. In this study, the concept of scenario building has been analyzed for the first time based on the concept of game theory by means of Shapely value in order to draw effective cause and effect relationships in the form of path analysis process. This study may help managers understand the management of key indicators of success and identify critical paths and the way to deal with critical situations. Ultimately, the calculated results were compared with the results of path analysis using regression analysis and expert opinion to show the closeness of criteria importance between this new approach and the regression method.

[Mostafa Jafari, Majid Tootooni, Meisam Jafari Eskandari. Determining the relationship between science and technology development indicators in private sector industries of Iran via path analysis based on cooperative game theory. Researcher 2018;10(11):58-68]. ISSN 1553-9865 (print); ISSN 2163-8950 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 9. doi:10.7537/marsrsj101118.09.

Keywords: balanced scorecard, cooperative game theory, science and technology, path analysis, Shapely value

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Mesenchymal Stem Cell Research Literatures

Mark Herbert, PhD

39-06 Main Street, Flushing, Queens, New York 11354, USA, ma8080@gmail.com

Abstract: Stem cells are derived from embryonic and non-embryonic tissues. Most stem cell studies are for animal stem cells and plants have also stem cell. Stem cells were discovered in 1981 from early mouse embryos. Stem cells have the potential to develop into all different cell types in the living body. Stem cell is a body repair system. When a stem cell divides it can be still a stem cell or become adult cell, such as a brain cell. Stem cells are unspecialized cells and can renew themselves by cell division, and stem cells can also differentiate to adult cells with special functions. Stem cells replace the old cells and repair the damaged tissues. Embryonic stem cells can become all cell types of the body because they are pluripotent. Adult stem cells are thought to be limited to differentiating into different cell types of their tissue of origin. This article introduces recent research reports as references in the related studies.

[Herbert M. Mesenchymal Stem Cell Research Literatures. Researcher 2018;10(11):69-225]. ISSN 1553-9865 (print); ISSN 2163-8950 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 10. doi:10.7537/marsrsj101118.10.

Key words: stem cell; mesenchymal; life; research; literature

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Effects of Training with Mask on some Biological Variables and Fatigue Indicators for Epee Fencers

Dr. Salman Hussain Hajji Mohammad

Associate Professor – Faculty of Basic Education – Department of Physical Education and Sport – General Organization for Applied Education and Training. Salman-hajji@hotmail.com

Abstract: The current research aims to identify the effect of training under hypoxia conditions using the mask on improving some biomarkers and fatigue indicators for fencers. The researcher used the experimental approach (two-group design) with control and experimental groups and pre- and post-measurements. Participants (n=30) were purposefully of chosen from epee fencers of Al-Qadesia sports club. Main sample included (24) players divided into two equivalent groups (experimental = control = 12). Another (5) fencers were recruited for the pilot study. Only (1) fencer was excluded for injury. Results indicated that: [1] The recommended program of hypoxic exercises with mask improved physiological variables including pulse, vital capacity, VO2_max and others for fencers. [2] The recommended program of hypoxic exercises with mask improved blood variables including hemoglobin, RBC, WBC, platelets and LDH for fencers. [3] The recommended program of hypoxic exercises with mask improved the functions of the cardio-respiratory system and decreased fatigue in addition to improving the performance level of fencers.

[Salman Hussain Hajji Mohammad. Effects of Training with Mask on some Biological Variables and Fatigue Indicators for Epee Fencers. Researcher 2018;10(11):223-230]. ISSN 1553-9865 (print); ISSN 2163-8950 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 11. doi:10.7537/marsrsj101118.11.

Key Words: hypoxic training – fencing – fencing mask – fatigue

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