No.

Titles / Authors /Abstracts

Full Text

No.

1

Review On African Horse Sickness

Befikadu Hurisa and Tsehaye Neges

¹Graduates of Veterinary Medicine, Collage of Veterinary of Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Gondar, Ethiopia, P.O. box. 196.

Phone: +251915516658; Email: thesunneges@gmail.com

Abstract: African horse sickness (AHS) is an infectious but non-contagious arthropod borne viral disease affecting all species of Equidae. It is an Office International des Epizooties (OIE), listed disease and has been classified as a notifiable disease worldwide and it is endemic to sub-Saharan, central and east Africa. This seminar paper is aimed to provide information on the etiology, host range, epidemiology, methods of prevention and control of AHS as well as its economic significance. AHS is caused by a virus of the Reoviridae family, genus Orbivirus which is transmitted by haemotophagous midges of the genus Culicoides. The disease exclusively affects members of the Equidae family under natural conditions. Four clinical presentations of the African horse sickness have been described, each associated with a specific pathogenesis and mortality ranging between 95% (Pulmonary form) to 0% (fever form). Diagnosis may be made on the basis of typical clinical signs and isolation of the virus in the laboratory. Apart from supportive therapy there is no treatment for this disease. The husbandry modification, vector control and vaccination are the principal method of prevention and control of AHS. The disease was tremendous economic concern in southern Africa where horses were important for transportation and as draft animals. AHSV is rarely zoonotic; it may cause encephalitis, chorioretinitis and disseminated intravascular coagulation in laboratory workers when they are in contact with the virus. Ethiopia is facing serious and repeated outbreak of AHS in different regions. Due to its fatality and economic significance, awareness creation among equine owners and annual vaccination should be undertaken to control this disease.

[Befikadu Hurisa and Tsehaye Neges. Review On African Horse Sickness. Researcher 2018;10(8):1-10]. ISSN 1553-9865 (print); ISSN 2163-8950 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 1. doi:10.7537/marsrsj100818.01.

Key words: African horse sickness, Culicoides, Orbivirus

Full Text

1

2

Value of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Diffusion Weighted (DWI) MR in Diagnosis of Ovarian Lesions

Enas ahmed ^a, Ikram Hamed ^b, Noha Abdel Shafy ^b, Ahmed Abdel Fattah ^a,*

^a Faculty of Medicine, Beni Sueif University, Egypt

^b National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Egypt

sayedmath100100@gmail.com

Abstract: Introduction: Determining whether a clinically diagnosed ovarian mass is benign or malignant is frequently not possible until surgical exploration and histologic examination are performed. Consequently, it may not be possible to decide preoperatively whether conservative or radical surgery is appropriate. A reliable method with which to differentiate a benign from a malignant ovarian mass would provide a basis for optimal preoperative planning. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging provides useful information for characterization of various ovarian masses. Diffusion-weighted imaging is sensitive to changes in the microdiffusion of water into both intracellular and extracellular spaces and its use may improve MR characterization of ovarian lesions. Restricted water diffusion demonstrates high signal intensity on DWI and lower ADC values on ADC map. This study aims at reviewing and emphasizing the role of MRI and diffusion-weighted MR in characterization of ovarian lesions. Patients and methods: This study was performed on 40 patients referred to the radiology department from the Gynecology department by ovarian masses. Pelvic enhanced MR with DWI was done for all patients, DWIBS was done for 7 patients. Thrity-nine patients underwent surgery with pathologic correlation. Only one patient was put under regular follow up US for 3 months. Results: The sensitivity of MRI was 99.9% while that of DWI was 100%. The specificity was higher for DWI (78.3%) compared to conventional MRI (58.3%), as well as the accuracy which was 73.9% for MRI while that of DWI was 86.9%. The mean ADC values for malignant lesions were (0.93x 10^-3 ± 0.43 SD mm²/s), while that for benign lesions were (1.3 x 10^-3 ± 0.6 SD mm²/s), with cut off value 1.15x10^-3. And p value = 0.005. Mature teratomas showed restricted diffusion with ADC values 0.5x103mm2/s (false positive), due to mixed cellularity of the teratoma. Conclusion: Combination of DWI to conventional MRI improves the specificity of MRI and thus increasing radiologist’s confidence in image interpretation which will finally reflect on patients’ outcome and prognosis.

[Enas ahmed, Ikram Hamed, Noha Abdel Shafy, Ahmed Abdel Fattah,. Value of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Diffusion Weighted (DWI) MR in Diagnosis of Ovarian Lesions. Researcher 2018;10(8):11-20]. ISSN 1553-9865 (print); ISSN 2163-8950 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 2. doi:10.7537/marsrsj100818.02.

Keywords: Diffusion weighted; Magnetic resonance imaging; Ovarian lesions

Full Text

2

3

Investigation Of Microbial Load Of Some Food Vendors In Ibadan

Agboola OA², Umezurike ET^2* Akinpelu AO¹

¹ Health Management and Information Science, Lead City University, Ibadan, Oyo, Nigeria.

² Microbiology, Lead City University Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo, Nigeria.

* Corresponding Author umezurikee@yahoo.com

+2348135939991

Abstract: Food is an essential instrument for health promotion and disease prevention and cannot be toyed with. Poorly prepared and packaged street vended foods had been identified in many countries as causes of food borne disease according to relevant health authorities. This study assessed and evaluated the microbial quality of some of these street foods sold in eateries and canteens with Ibadan Metropolis while comparing the results obtained with prescribed standards. The study took place within Ibadan Metropolis located in the southwestern part of Nigeria and predominantly occupied by Yoruba speaking people. Samples for this study were collected from five locations. These included three eateries and two local canteens (Locally referred to as Buka). Samples included rice, Amala (Yam Flour), Fish, Meat etc. All samples were kept in a cool box, transported to the laboratory and analyzed within 12 hours. About 28 different types of microorganisms were isolated from the environment of study. Total microbial load for all the (food) outlets was 1509cfu (colony forming unit), out of which 86% (1302) were bacterial. This study implicated a wide range of microorganisms and the microbial load and content within the studied food samples were quite high. Researchers posit that In-vitro study and evaluation of environment of servicing ready-to-eat food should be encouraged. This will allow thorough qualitative monitoring of the Good manufacturing practices (GMP) of the environment.

[Agboola OA, Umezurike ET Akinpelu AO. Investigation Of Microbial Load Of Some Food Vendors In Ibadan. Researcher 2018;10(8):21-26]. ISSN 1553-9865 (print); ISSN 2163-8950 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 3. doi:10.7537/marsrsj100818.03.

Keywords: Microbial load, Ready to eat food, food vendors, food handling, microbial quality

Full Text

3

4

Study on Sero- prevalence and Risk factor of Peste des Petitis ruminant disease in Small Ruminant at Metekel zone of selected District in Benishangul Gumuz Regional State, Western Ethiopia

Gebrehiwot Woldemichael, *Asmamaw Aki and Kebede Gurmessa

Assosa Regional Veterinary Diagnostic, Surveillance, Monitoring and Study Laboratory, P.O. Box 326, Assosa, Ethiopia; asmamawaki@gmail.com, mareg2416@gmail.com.

Abstract: Across–sectional study was conducted from October to November 2017 in Mandura, Dangur and Debate districts of Benishangul Gumuz Regional State to determine the sero- prevalence of Pest des Petites Ruminants and associated risk factor in sheep and goat. A total of 452 serum samples were collected from 10 peasant association and the sera were tested for the presence of antibodies against PPR using competitive Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay. The overall sero-prevalence of PPR was found to be 73.45% (332/452). The sero prevalence of the disease in the different study district was 72.08% (142/197), 73.28% (90/131), and 75.80% (94/124) in Mandura, Dangur and Debate respectively. There is no statistical significant difference in the different districts (χ2=1.27, p>0.05). At the same time the sero prevalence in <1year, 1-2 year and >3year age categories were 75.40% (92/122), 74.78% (175/234) and 67.70% (65/96) respectively, which is not statistical significant (p>0.05). Similarly; there is no statistical significant difference between male and female shoats (p>0.05), that is 67.14% (47/70) in male and 74.60% (285/382) in female. However, among species, body condition and vaccination status, was significant difference (p<0.05). The higher sero prevalence of PPR indicated a remarkable contagious nature of the disease. In conclusion, this study reveal a higher sero prevalence and subsequent endemic establishment of PPR in small ruminant in the selected area. Therefore, strict measures should be implemented for feasible prevention of the disease.

[Gebrehiwot Woldemichael, Asmamaw Aki and Kebede Gurmessa. Study on Sero- prevalence and Risk factor of Peste des Petitis ruminant disease in Small Ruminant at Metekel zone of selected District in Benishangul Gumuz Regional State, Western Ethiopia. Researcher 2018;10(8):27-36]. ISSN 1553-9865 (print); ISSN 2163-8950 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 4. doi:10.7537/marsrsj100818.04.

Key words: c-ELISA, PPR, risk factor, sero-prevalence, small ruminant

Full Text

4

5

Effect of Silicon and Chitosan on Fruit Setting, Yield and Fruit Quality of Zebda Mango Trees Grown Under Minia Region Conditions

Mohamed A.EL- Sayed¹, Ali A. Gobara¹; Abbas S. Abdalla², and Sadam H.A. Ayed²

¹Hort. Dept. Fac. of Agric. Minia Univ. Egypt.

² Tropical Fruit Res. Dept. Hort. Res. Instit. ARC. Giza, Egypt

E. mail: faissalfadel@yahoo.com

Abstract: This study was carried out during 2016 and 2017 seasons to examine the effect of using silicon via two sources ( potassium or calcium silicate ) at 0.05 to 0.2% twice or thrice and chitosan at 0.1% (thrice) on fruit setting, yield and fruit quality of Zebda mango trees. Treating the trees with silicon via potassium and calcium forms at 0.05 to 0.2% twice or thrice and / or chitosan at 0.1% (thrice) was very effective in enhancing initial fruit setting %, yield and fruit quality characteristics relative to the control treatment. Total acidity and total crude fiber % tended to reduce with the present treatments. Silicon in the form of potassium silicate materially was more effective than using the other silicon form namely calcium silicate. Using silicon was measurably effective than using chitosan in this respect. The best results with regard to fruit setting, yield and fruit quality was attributed to using potassium silicate and chitosan at 0.1 for each together three times (at growth start, just after fruit setting and 21 days later) with a mixture of potassium silicate and chitosan together each at 0.1 %.

[Mohamed A.EL- Sayed, Ali A. Gobara; Abbas S. Abdalla, and Sadam H.A. Ayed. Effect of Silicon and Chitosan on Fruit Setting, Yield and Fruit Quality of Zebda Mango Trees Grown Under Minia Region Conditions. Researcher 2018;10(8):37-43]. ISSN 1553-9865 (print); ISSN 2163-8950 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 5. doi:10.7537/marsrsj100818.05.

Keywords: silicon, chitosan, potassium silicate, calcium silicate, fruit setting, yield and fruit quality.

Full Text

5

6

Helminth Parasites of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) and Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758) from Esa Odo Reservoir, Esa Odo, South-West Nigeria

Olugbotemi Caleb Ibironke¹, Olajumoke Abimbola Morenikeji¹

¹ Parasitology/Ecology and Environmental Biology Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State Nigeria

jumokemorenikeji@yahoo.co.uk

Abstract: The study was carried out to assess the prevalence of parasites, parasitic load and length-weight in relation to parasite infection in Clarias gariepinus and Oreochromis niloticus from Esa odo Reservoir in south-west Nigeria. A total of 254 randomly selected fish specimens consisting of 150 C. gariepinus and 104 O. niloticus were sampled between May – August 2017. The fish specimens where dissected to extract helminth parasites after determining their length, weight and sex. A total of 32 parasites were recovered. Parasite prevalence and parasitic load were higher in C. gariepinus than in O. niloticus. Overall parasite prevalence of 14% was recorded for C. gariepinus while 10.6% was recorded for O. niloticus. The helminths recovered included one trematode, Clinostomum tilapiae, one achantocephalan, Achantogyrus spp. and one hirudinea, leech. Infection in males and females was not statistically different (P>0.05). No significant difference was found in the prevalence of helminth parasitic infection in relation to size of the two species of fish examined. Bigger sizes of C. gariepinus and O. niloticus were however found to be more parasitized than smaller sizes. The infected C. gariepinus and O. niloticus had a lower condition factor than uninfected ones. The intestine of C. gariepinus and O. niloticus had the highest parasitic load of 76.2% and 63.6% respectively. There is a need to develop effective control measures against helminth parasites of fish and adopt good culinary practices to reduce the potential risks to human health.

[Olugbotemi Caleb Ibironke, Olajumoke Abimbola Morenikeji. Helminth Parasites of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) and Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758) from Esa Odo Reservoir, Esa Odo, South-West Nigeria. Researcher 2018;10(8):44-52]. ISSN 1553-9865 (print); ISSN 2163-8950 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 6. doi:10.7537/marsrsj100818.06.

Keywords: Fish, Helminth Parasites, Esa Odo Reservoir, South-West, Nigeria.

Full Text

6

7

Prevalence of Bovine Trypanosomosis in selected kebeles of Guangua, woreda, Amhara region, north west part of Ethiopia.

Abere Dawud and *Asmamaw Aki

Regional Veterinary Diagnostic, Surveillance, Monitoring and Study Laboratory, P.O.Box:326, Asossa, Ethiopia; email address: asmamawaki@gmail.com; Cele phone: +251902330029

Abstract: Trypanosomosis is wasting disease of tropical countries that contribute negatively to benefit human and productivity of animal. The Cross sectional study was conducted in selected Kebeles of Guangua Woreda, Amhara Region, North West Part of Ethiopia from November 2017 to April 2018 to determine the prevalence of bovine trypanosomosis on randomly selected animal using parasitological study (Buffy coat technique). Total of 384 blood samples were collected from four kebele and examined. The result of parasitological finding indicates 1.82% of total prevalence in the study area. In the present study two species of Trypanosoma identified, from total (7) positive sample 4(1.04%) was showed Trypanosoma vivax and 3(0.78%) of them indicate Trypanosoma congolense. The present study indicate there were no statistically significant difference (p>0.05) observed between kebele, sex and age group of animal whereas statistically significant difference (p<0.05) was observed in body condition. In this study the anemia prevalence was higher in trypanosome infected cattle (71.4%) than in non-infected cattle (28.6%) and the difference was statistically significant (p<0.05). The present study showed that there was slightly higher prevalence than previous study which was conducted in Woreda. In general the prevalence of bovine trypanosomosis in the study area was minimum, this may be due to seasonality of fly population Therefore, further study should be conduct in this area especially in wet season to understand the prevalence of the disease and its effect on bovine.

[Abere Dawud and Asmamaw Aki. Prevalence of Bovine Trypanosomosis in selected kebeles of Guangua, woreda, Amhara region, north west part of Ethiopia. Researcher 2018;10(8):53-59]. ISSN 1553-9865 (print); ISSN 2163-8950 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 7. doi:10.7537/marsrsj100818.07.

Key words: Bovine, Guangua, Prevalence, Trypanosomosis

Full Text

7

8

Review On Oestrosis On Sheep And Goat

Abere Dawud and *Asmamaw Aki

Regional Veterinary Diagnostic, Surveillance, Monitoring and Study Laboratory, P.O.Box:326, Asossa, Ethiopia; email address: asmamawaki@gmail.com; Cele phone: +251902330029

Abstract: Oestrosis is form of myiasis caused by larvae of the fly Oestrus ovis. Myiasis is the infection of life human and vertebrate animals with dipterous larvae. Oestrus ovis, the sheep bot fly, is a widespread species of fly of the genus Oestrus. It is known for its parasitic predation and damage to sheep, deer, goat, camel, dog, and human. The aim of this manuscript is to review available literature on oestrosis in sheep and goat with its economic and zoonotic importance. Oestrus ovis larvae usually inhabit in the nasal cavities and sinuses of sheep and goats, and subsequently cause myiasis. This myiasis severely impairs health condition, causes difficult breathing, mouth breathing, emaciation, weight loss and sometimes, the larvae may migrate into brain causing false gid. Oestrus ovis is an economically important parasite of nasal cavities in sheep and goats worldwide include Ethiopia with occurrence of 94.6% and 75.10 % in central Oromia and DebreZeit, central Ethiopia respectively. The adult fly is grayish brown and ~12 mm long. The female deposits larvae in and about the nostrils of sheep. These small, clear-white larvae (initially <2 mm long) inter to the nasal cavity and develop. When mature, the larvae leave the nasal passages, drop to the ground, burrow down a few inches, and pupate. The pupal period lasts 3–9 week, depending on the environmental conditions, after which the fly emerges from the pupal case and pushes its way to the surface. Mating soon occurs, and the female begins to deposit larvae. Ivermectin is effective against all stages of Oestrus ovis. Control of nasal bot can be done by application of insecticide and treatment with Ivermectin. This disease has Zoonotic importance in addition of its high economic loss but the disease mostly neglected and physician not well informed about disease. Its economic loss also not well understood especially in Ethiopia so, more research should be done with objective of zoonosis and economic importance.

[Abere Dawud and Asmamaw Aki. Review On Oestrosis On Sheep And Goat. Researcher 2018;10(8):60-70]. ISSN 1553-9865 (print); ISSN 2163-8950 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 8. doi:10.7537/marsrsj100818.08.

Keywords: Oestrusovis, Fly, Sheep, Goat

Full Text

8

9

Assessments of non-timber forest products status in the Guraferda district of Ethiopia.

Belay Haile

Instructor at Mizan Teferi ATVET College, Department of Natural Resource

Belay Haile Gessese; Email: hailebelay86@gmail.com

Abstract: Forests and other vegetation resources in Guraferda district offer diverse NTFPs that provide substantial inputs for the livelihoods of the community. Thus, information regarding to the status of NTFPs of the district is vital for proper management of these resources. However, up to date information on the status of non-timber forest products in Guraferda district is found to be lacking. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess the status of NTFPs in the district. Information was collected through household survey and key informant interview. Analysis of data was accomplished through the use of SPSS (version 20) and Microsoft Excel software. Results of the study identified that important NTFPs of the district like honey, forest coffee, forest tuber, forest spices, important health care medicinal plants, Antiaris toxicaria tree with a bark that serves as cloth and sleeping mat preparation, edible forest leaves and fruits, and wild animals for bush meat consumption, that have significantly declined.

[Belay Haile. Assessments of non-timber forest products status in the Guraferda district of Ethiopia. Researcher 2018;10(8):71-76]. ISSN 1553-9865 (print); ISSN 2163-8950 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 9. doi:10.7537/marsrsj100818.09.

Key words: NTFPs, Forest coffee, Guraferda

Full Text

9

10

The Role of IL-17 in the Pathogenesis of HCV and Schistosomiasis Co-Infection

Gomaa Desoky Eimam¹; Abdel-Hamed Abdel-Tawab Sabri¹; Ibrahim Rabie Biomy²; Ahmed Ali Gomaa³ and Marwa Ahmed Aldardery¹

¹Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine; Fayoum University, Egypt

² Department of Parasitology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Egypt

³Department of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine; Fayoum University, Egypt

shosho28482@yahoo.com

Abstract: Aim of the study: The present study was conducted to evaluate the role of IL-17 in the pathogenesis of HCV and schistosomiasis co-infection. Patients and methods: A prospective analysis was done for 51 patients in hepatology unit in El-fayoum general hospital, who received therapy from March 2016to September 2016. Our patients were divided into four groups our patients in combined schistosoma and HCV group and HCV group received the anti-viral treatment. IL-17 cytokines was quantitated by ELISA at the start and end of therapy. Results: eight positive patients (16%), of whom six patient was diagnosed as Schistosoma haematobium infected and two patients as Schistosoma mansoni infected in comparison to thirty three patients (60%) with using ELISA. Higher levels of IL-17 among group of combined schistosoma and HCV group (524.2±168) in comparison to group of Schistosoma alone (326±39.2). following treatment, there was statistically significant decrease with p-value <0.05 in IL-17 level after treatment among each Schistosoma with HCV (241.4±67.1) and HCV group (154.5±65.7); which indicated that both groups are simultaneously responded to treatment. Conclusion: schistosomiasis may not affect the outcome of HCV infection in genotype 4-infected patients but Schistosoma infection might aggravate HCV-related liver disease through induction of changes in the regulatory T-cell phenotype through increase IL-17 level.

[Gomaa Desoky Eimam; Abdel-Hamed Abdel-Tawab Sabri; Ibrahim Rabie Biomy; Ahmed Ali Gomaa and Marwa Ahmed Aldardery. The Role of IL-17 in the Pathogenesis of HCV and Schistosomiasis Co-Infection. Researcher 2018;10(8):77-81]. ISSN 1553-9865 (print); ISSN 2163-8950 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 10. doi:10.7537/marsrsj100818.10.

Key words: Schistosoma, IL-17, HCV, anti-Schistosomal antibodies, HCV drugs

Full Text

10

11

Review On Oestrosis On Sheep And Goat

Abere Dawud and *Asmamaw Aki

Regional Veterinary Diagnostic, Surveillance, Monitoring and Study Laboratory, P.O. Box:326, Asossa, Ethiopia; email address: asmamawaki@gmail.com; Cele phone: +251902330029

Abstract: Oestrosis is form of myiasis caused by larvae of the fly Oestrus ovis. Myiasis is the infection of life human and vertebrate animals with dipterous larvae. Oestrus ovis, the sheep bot fly, is a widespread species of fly of the genus Oestrus. It is known for its parasitic predation and damage to sheep, deer, goat, camel, dog, and human. The aim of this manuscript is to review available literature on oestrosis in sheep and goat with its economic and zoonotic importance. Oestrus ovis larvae usually inhabit in the nasal cavities and sinuses of sheep and goats, and subsequently cause myiasis. This myiasis severely impairs health condition, causes difficult breathing, mouth breathing, emaciation, weight loss and sometimes, the larvae may migrate into brain causing false gid. Oestrus ovis is an economically important parasite of nasal cavities in sheep and goats worldwide include Ethiopia with occurrence of 94.6% and 75.10 % in central Oromia and Debre Zeit, central Ethiopia respectively. The adult fly is grayish brown and ~12 mm long. The female deposits larvae in and about the nostrils of sheep. These small, clear-white larvae (initially <2 mm long) inter to the nasal cavity and develop. When mature, the larvae leave the nasal passages, drop to the ground, burrow down a few inches, and pupate. The pupal period lasts 3–9 week, depending on the environmental conditions, after which the fly emerges from the pupal case and pushes its way to the surface. Mating soon occurs, and the female begins to deposit larvae. Ivermectin is effective against all stages of Oestrus ovis. Control of nasal bot can be done by application of insecticide and treatment with Ivermectin. This disease has Zoonotic importance in addition of its high economic loss but the disease mostly neglected and physician not well informed about disease. Its economic loss also not well understood especially in Ethiopia so, more research should be done with objective of zoonosis and economic importance.

[Abere Dawud and Asmamaw Aki. Review On Oestrosis On Sheep And Goat. Researcher 2018;10(8):82-92]. ISSN 1553-9865 (print); ISSN 2163-8950 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 11. doi:10.7537/marsrsj100818.11.

Keywords: Oestrusovis, Fly, Sheep, Goat

Full Text

11