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COVID-19 Vaccines Research Literatures

Mark Herbert

World Development Institute

39-06 Main Street, Flushing, Queens, New York 11354, USA, ma708090@gmail.com

Abstract: A COVID‑19 vaccine is a vaccine intended to provide acquired immunity against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2), the virus causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‑19). Prior to the COVID‑19 pandemic, there was an established body of knowledge about the structure and function of coronaviruses causing diseases like severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), which enabled accelerated development of various vaccine technologies during early 2020. On 10 January 2020, the SARS-CoV-2 genetic sequence data was shared through GISAID, and by 19 March, the global pharmaceutical industry announced a major commitment to address COVID-19. In Phase III trials, several COVID‑19 vaccines have demonstrated efficacy as high as 95% in preventing symptomatic COVID‑19 infections. As of April 2021, 14 vaccines are authorized by at least one national regulatory authority for public use: two RNA vaccines (Pfizer–BioNTech and Moderna), five conventional inactivated vaccines (BBIBP-CorV, CoronaVac, Covaxin, WIBP-CorV and CoviVac), five viral vector vaccines (Sputnik Light, Sputnik V, Oxford–AstraZeneca, Convidecia, and Johnson & Johnson), and two protein subunit vaccines (EpiVacCorona and RBD-Dimer). In total, as of March 2021, 308 vaccine candidates are in various stages of development, with 73 in clinical research, including 24 in Phase I trials, 33 in Phase I–II trials, and 16 In Phase III development. Many countries have implemented phased distribution plans that prioritize those at highest risk of complications, such as the elderly, and those at high risk of exposure and transmission, such as healthcare workers. Single dose interim use is under consideration in order to extend vaccination to as many people as possible until vaccine availability improves. As of 13 May 2021, 1.4 billion doses of COVID‑19 vaccine have been administered worldwide based on official reports from national health agencies. AstraZeneca anticipates producing 3 billion doses in 2021, Pfizer–BioNTech 1.3 billion doses, and Sputnik V, Sinopharm, Sinovac, and Johnson & Johnson 1 billion doses each. Moderna targets producing 600 million doses and Convidecia 500 million doses in 2021. By December 2020, more than ten billion vaccine doses had been preordered by countries, with about half of the doses purchased by high-income countries comprising 14% of the world's population.  This article introduces recent research reports as references in the related studies.

[Mark Herbert.COVID-19 Vaccines Research Literatures.Rep Opinion 2021;13(6):1-69]. ISSN 1553-9873 (print);ISSN 2375-7205 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/report. 1.doi:10.7537/marsroj130621.01.

Key words: COVID-19; Vaccines; cell; life; research; literature

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Teratogenic Effect of Ciprofloxacin in Albino Rats.

Zeinab. M. Gazi & Nura, I. AL Zail

zgazi.75@gmail.com

Abstract: The present study aims to evaluate the risk of the ciprofloxacin drug on the development of fetuses of the albino rat during pregnancy. Pregnant rats were exposed orally to 206 mg kg-1 of coumatetralyl daily on days 5 through 20 of gestation. Animals were sacrificed on the 20th day of gestation for fetal examination. Ciprofloxacin produced a significant elevation in the percentages of late resorption sites aab. M. Gazi & Nura, I. AL Zail nd dead fetuses compared with the control group. The mean fetal weights were significantly reduced. Visceral abnormalities were revealed in the form of dilated brain ventricles, hypertrophy of the heart, hypoplasia of the lung, dilated renal pelvis. Skeletal examination showed wide open fontanel, incomplete ossification of parietal and interparietal bones, incomplete ossification of the sternum, reduction in the number, or even complete absence of phalanges, sacral, and/or caudal vertebrae. The results indicate that ciprofloxacin has a teratogenic effect at lower doses. Therefore, further studies are necessary to evaluate its safety during pregnancy.

[Zeinab. M. Gazi & Nura, I. AL Zail. Teratogenic Effect of Ciprofloxacin in Albino Rats. Rep Opinion 2021;13(6):70-79]. ISSN 1553-9873 (print); ISSN 2375-7205 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/report. 2. doi:10.7537/marsroj130621.02.

Keywords: Ciprofloxacin, Teratogenic Effects, Visceral, Skeletal, Rats.

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Invent the South American Monsoon Time Scale & Break the mysteries of the South American monsoon  

Gangadhara Rao Irlapati

H.No. 5-30-4/1,Saibabanagar, Jeedimetla, Hyderabad, India-500055

Email: scientistgangadhar@yahoo.com

Abstract: South American Monsoon Time Scale is proposed and designed by me to study the South American monsoon. This is very useful to study the South American monsoon. So scientists can make this South American Monsoon Time Scale and make further research & develop, promote & propagate it. Find out it by searching it’s name South American Monsoon Time Scale  in all websites or can get by sending your email to scientistgangadhar@yahoo.com  I call on world scientists to invent this scale and break down the mysteries of the aforesaid monsoon. Scientists who want to invent  this  scale  have trouble in making it, kindly contact me via my personal email id scientistgangadhar@yahoo.com  and take my assistance in making it. I  will help you in making this scale. A sample scale will also be made and send to you. For this, a certain amount should be sent for expenses.   For this, they must  send the  list of events of climate just like dust storms, monsoon low pressure systems etc.  last  140 years since 1880 formed over the South American monsoon region  in the procedure cited below  reference. In addition to this, a certain amount should be sent for expenses.  You need to design the computer   model  later.

[Gangadhara Rao Irlapati. Invent the South American Monsoon Time Scale & Break the mysteries of the South American monsoon. Rep Opinion 2021;13(6):80-82]. ISSN 1553-9873 (print);ISSN 2375-7205 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/report. 3. doi:10.7537/marsroj130621.03.

Key Words: Global  Monsoon Time Scales,  Indian  Monsoon Time Scale, South American Monsoon Time Scale

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A Study on Financial Report Preparation Among Micro Business in Malaysia

Nur Masitah Binti Muhamad, Mohamad Yazis Bin Ali Basah ^*

Post-Graduate Student, Faculty of Economics and Muamalat, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Bandar Baru Nilai, 71800 Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia, masitahmuhamad@gmail.com

* Corresponding Author: Senior Lecturer, Faculty of Economics and Muamalat, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Bandar Baru Nilai, 71800 Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia, yazis@usim.edu.my

Abstract: Financial report holds a thousand secret of business. Usually, they will records the transaction by using cash flow, income statement and balance sheet. But, there are lacks information regarding the statistics of preparation of financial report among micro business. Thus, this paper tries to investigate on the financial report preparation among micro business. Survey questionnaire was employed to gather the data for this study. The data further analyzed by using Statistical Program for Social Science (SPSS) software. Analysis used for this study was descriptive statistics. Result from the analysis shows the statistics of preparation of financial report among micro business in Malaysia.

[Nur Masitah Binti Muhamad, Mohamad Yazis Bin Ali Basah. A Study on Financial Report Preparation Among Micro Business in Malaysia. Rep Opinion 2021;13(6):83-86]. ISSN 1553-9873 (print); ISSN 2375-7205 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/report. 4. doi:10.7537/marsroj130621.04.

Keywords: Financial, Report, Preparation, Micro and Business.

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Practical research on the mixed teaching model in the post-epidemic era —— Take the "Film and Television Advertising" course as an example

Haijiao Yu

Professor, School of Communication, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, Heilongjiang

Abstract: Affected by the pneumonia epidemic caused by the new type of coronavirus, the Ministry of Education issued the "Guiding Opinions on Doing a Good Job in the Organization and Management of Online Teaching in Ordinary Colleges and Universities during the Period of Epidemic Prevention and Control", which requires the implementation and protection of colleges and universities during the epidemic prevention and control period. Online teaching. This paper analyzes the problems arising from the online education and classroom practice of the "Video Advertising" course, and explores the hybrid teaching model in the post-epidemic era from four aspects: the background of teaching reform, curriculum design, specific implementation, and effectiveness analysis and experience. It is expected to provide new ideas for the development of mixed teaching models in various universities.

[Haijiao Yu. Practical research on the mixed teaching model in the post-epidemic era —— Take the "Film and Television Advertising" course as an example. Rep Opinion 2021;13(6):87-90]. ISSN 1553-9873 (print); ISSN 2375-7205 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/report. 5. doi:10.7537/marsroj130621.05.

Keywords: post-epidemic era, film and television advertising, mixed teaching

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A Review of the Management of Technology-Oriented Companies by Emphasizing on the Machinery Level and Software Information of Technology

Abbas Jafarpour1, Naser Feghhi Farahmand2, Alireza Bafandeh2

1: Teacher of Applied and Scientific University, Worker House of Tabriz, Iran

2: Faculty Member of Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

jafarpourabbas190@yahoo.com

Abstract: Awareness of the existent state of any system and processes is the first step in decision making and goal setting to achieve the best management of that system. This study aims at identifying technology dimension level of any one of centers for producing and distributing energy carriers in Tractor Manufacturing Industrial Group based on the Technology Atlas Method. After being aware of technology level, it will be possible to decide on its weak points. This is a field study in which by preparing and distributing questionnaires and collecting data and analyzing them using inferential statistics and mean descriptive statistics, the acceptance or rejection of theories were proven. Calculating technology coefficient, the technology level of energy carriers was specified. In this study the statistical sampling is done through specialists and knowledgeable people in each one of the production and distribution centers of energy carriers. Considering the calculation and specification of figures of technology level it became clear that: The operation level of all 4 axles (technoware, humanware, orgaware and infoware) of all 3 technologies of the centers of production and distribution of heating steam, compressed air and electricity for the companies of Tractor Industrial Group and the total level of this technology is an appropriate level and the combination of the level of elements of technologies are of appropriate value. But in order to reach the desired level, the promotion of technology elements level is necessary considering the figure of help intensity (β) in technologies teachnoware axles, the cut in the level of technoware in these technologies will be lower compared to other axles of technology and little changes in the cut of the figure of technologies technoware level can dramatically decrease technology level. In this case technology life cycle in abolishment step will decrease total efficiency and added value. Keeping in mind that the duty of ITIS Company is the continuous production and distribution of energy carriers so any deficiency or shortcoming in technoware axle will cause harms to the Tractor Manufacturing Group. In order to prevent any damage, an appropriate pattern for managing production and distribution of energy carriers for the consumptions in Iran Tractor Manufacturing Companies was offered.

[Abbas Jafarpour, Naser Feghhi Farahmand, Alireza Bafandeh. A Review of the Management of Technology-Oriented Companies by Emphasizing on the Machinery Level and Software Information of Technology. Rep Opinion 2021;13(6):91-95]. ISSN 1553-9873 (print); ISSN 2375-7205 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/report. 6. doi:10.7537/marsroj130621.06.

Key words: Technology, Technology Coefficient, Technoware, Humanware, Infoware, Orgaware, Energy Carriers, Appropriateness

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