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Spatial and Temporal Variation in Zooplankton Composition and Abundance in a Tropical Freshwater Ecosystem in the Niger Delta, Nigeria.

Effiong, Y. I¹., George, U. U²., Oboho, D. E¹. and Mbong, E. O³.

¹Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, University of Uyo, Uyo, Akwa Ibom State.

       ²Department of Fisheries & Aquaculture, Akwa Ibom State University, Obio Akpa Campus, Akwa Ibom State

                       ³ Department of Environmental Biology, Heritage Polytechnic, Ikot Udoata, Eket, Akwa Ibom State

Email: ubonggeorge@aksu.edu.ng

Abstract: The spatial and temporal variation in zooplankton abundance of Mbo River was investigated for 10 months from November 2017, to August, 2018. Zooplankton samples were collected from three stations and analyzed using standard methods. The study recorded 1539 zooplankton individuals made up of 7 taxa, 32 genera and 33 species. They included Copepoda (16 species) >Rotifera (8 species)>Cladocera (6 species) >Protozoa (5 species)>Chordata (3 species) >Gastropoda (2 species) and Polychaeta (1 species). Copepoda occurred at all stations and was the most abundant taxon with the highest frequency of occurrence (63.8 %) followed by Rotifera (24.1%). Others following included: Chordata (8.1%), Protozoa (3.2%), Cladocera (2.2%) and Gastropods (0.9%). Cladocera and Gastropods were rare during the study. The zooplankton groups that showed significant differences across the sampling stations (p< 0.05) included Rotifera, Copepoda, Chordata, and Protozoa while Gastropoda, Polychaeta and Cladocera did not show significant differences across the sampling stations (p>0.05).  Also, there were significant differences (p< 0.05) in the abundance of zooplankton groups in both dry and rainy seasons. The dominant species found were: Lecane quadridentata (4.0%); Naupilius larva (3.24%), Microsetalla rosea (3.37), Naupilii copepod (14.4%), Cyclopoia copepod (15.8%); fish larva (6.88%); Arcella vugaris (1.42%) and Daphnia longispa (0.91%).  The distinction in the presence and numeric abundances of species particularly Keratella sp (2.33%), Brachionus sp (3.64%), Trichocerca sp (1.75%), Paracalamus parvus (1.36%) across stations is quite indicative of pollution status and salinity condition of the stations. It further underscores the adaptability of diverse species to different environmental conditions. In conclusion, the river hosts a vast diversity of indigenous planktons. Hence, there is need for periodic assessment of zooplankton in the river since this may help identify significant changes in plankton composition which may result from anthropogenic disturbances leading to poor water conditions. Also, extensive researches on the zooplankton’s population is paramount to maintaining high environmental quality control and sustainable fisheries development.

[Effiong, YI., George, UU., Oboho, DE., Mbong, EO. Spatial and Temporal Variation in Zooplankton Composition and Abundance in a Tropical Freshwater Ecosystem in the Niger Delta, Nigeria. N Y Sci J 2021;14(4):1-12]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork.

1. doi:10.7537/marsnys140421.01.

Keywords: Zooplankton, Tropical, Freshwater Ecosystem, Composition, Abundance, Niger Delta, Nigeria

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 Review On Analysis Of Continuous Data By Using R Software

Umer Seid

Oda Bultum University, Collage of Agriculture, Department of Animal Science, Chiro, Ethiopia

Omerseid76@gmail.com

Abstract: Surveys primarily collect quantitative data, it can contain many kinds of questions; these questions are often called variables. There are some basic types of variables. It is important to understand the different types of variables, because the type of variable can lead to different kinds of data and guide your analysis. They are discrete data and continuous data. Discrete data can take at most countable number of values, whereas continuous data can take any number of values. There is different test that used to analysis the continuous data these include:  The t-test (single t-test, paired t-test, analysis of variance (ANOVA), linear regression (simple and multiple linear regression)). Simple linear regression is a statistical method that allows us to summarize and study relationships between two continuous (quantitative) variables. Multiple regression models thus describe how a single response variable Y depends linearly on a number of predictor variables. A data set that constitutes body weight and linear body measurements recorded for a random sample of 32 yearling Borana steers purchased from Yabello market was been used to analysis by multiple regression. Because my data contains four explanatory variables multiple linear regressions was found to be the appropriate statistical analysis method. First model simplification was done on the data set to remove not significant variable then interpreted on simplify model. Then check the major assumption of multiple linear regression that includes: normality, homoscedasticity and linearity whether it is fulfill this assumption or not and the assessing individual observation include outlier test, assessments of leverage values and influential observations

[Seid U. Review on Analysis of Continuous Data by Using R Software. N Y Sci J 2021;14(4):13-30]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 2. doi:10.7537/marsnys140421.02.

Keywords: Review; Analysis; Continuous Data; Using; Software.

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The process of developing information and management competencies for masters of technical higher educational institutions

Abdullaeva Ozoda Safibullaevna

Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in Pedagogical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department “Information Technology in Technical Systems” of the Namangan Engineering Construction Institute, Namangan, Uzbekistan

aspirantka.030@gmail.com

Abstract: In the article presents the results of an ascertaining experiment on problems in the field of development of information and management competencies of masters of Technical higher educational institutions. The author analyzes the effectiveness of the process of development of information and management competencies, identifies factors that contribute to improving the development of masters of of Technical higher educational institutions for future teaching activities. In the article the diagnostics of revealing readiness of development of information and management competencies on a measuring instrument (indicators) is given. The quality of education was monitored, on the basis of which indicators for the following evaluation objects were developed and tested: educational activities; extracurricular activities; the quality of the conditions for ensuring the educational process. Their use in the process of experimental and experimental work is also considered. The results of the determination of readiness of development of information and management competencies on combined levels of assessment are summarized.

[Abdullayeva O.S. The process of developing information and management competencies for masters of technical higher educational institutions.N Y Sci J 2021;14(4):32-35]. ISSN1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 3. doi:10.7537/marsnys140421.03.

Keywords: information and management competencies, teacher, student, of Technical higher education, methodology, criteria, levels, experiment, indicators.

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A Study On Statutory Provisions For Construction Safety In India

Dr. P. Sivaprakash ^1* & Dr. S. Kanchana²

^1*. Department of Mechanical Engineering, A.S.L. Pauls College of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore.

^2. Department of Civil Engineering, RVS Technical Campus-Coimbatore, Coimbatore.

drpsivaprakash@gmail.com

Abstract: There are about 8.5 million workers employed in the construction activities in India. The construction workers constitute a major portion of the unorganized labour and characterized by their casual nature of employment, temporary relationship with the employer, prolonged and uncertain working hours, lack of safety and health measures, and inadequacy of basic amenities and welfare facilities. There are many legislation providing safeguards for the contract workers in India. The construction safety has been made legally enforceable after the enactment of The Building and Other Construction Workers (Regulation of Employment and Conditions of Service) Act, 1996 and Central Rules 1998. This paper details on various statutory provisions for construction safety in India with specific reference to the BOCW Act, Central Rules and State Rules.

[Sivaprakash P, and Kanchana S. A Study on Statutory Provisions for Construction Safety in India. N Y Sci J 2021;14(4):36-39]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 4. doi:10.7537/marsnys140421.04.

Keywords: BOCW Act, Construction Safety, Hazards, Legislation.

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Research of logistics costs in the ceramic and tile industry, Case study is Khayyam tile industry

Mohsen Behrouzi Moghadam (corresponding author)

financial  Management Department, Branch of Islamic Azad University, Yazd, Iran.

Abstract：During past decade, following the increase in the diversity of the patterns of client expectations and its consequent rise of industrial competition for better productions and services, organizations increasingly paved the ground for higher flexibility in production lines and product development to meet the costumers' needs. But managers of many industries learned that in order to survive in the market, improving internal procedures and company's flexibility is not solely enough but material and parts suppliers must also match the company's market development policies. Competitive environment faced companies with several challenges such as reduction of production cycles, decrease in distribution time, decrease in inventories and also waiting time, which are all of high importance to maintain profitability in the market. In order to solve these problems, the process which is now referred to as Supply Chain Management was introduced; meanwhile the notion was soon spread that the real competition was not between companies but was between supply chains indeed and logistic as a part of it was remarked. In the first step, through a critical review of the literature the constituent elements of logistics costs were integrally identified and content classified. The output of this stage developed a model that represents the main structural constituent of logistics costs with associated variables. By using a questionnaire and interviewing elites the general model was then turned into a native model in the ceramic and tile industry. Then based on conceptual cost model, consisting of structures and variables, a case study on Khayyam Ceramic and Tile Company was conducted and using financial statements and interviewing relevant units within the company, a cost framework was extracted and following results were obtained. According to the study, 11% of the total costs of the company accounted for logistics costs of which, 33% was transportation costs , 39% inventory costs, 16% storage and handling costs, and 12% costumer related services and order processing.

[Mohsen Behrouzi Moghadam. Research of logistics costs in the ceramic and tile industry, Case study is Khayyam tile industry. N Y Sci J 2021;14(4):41-48]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online).

http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 5. doi:10.7537/marsnys140421.05.

Keywords: logistics costs, cost conceptual model, tile and ceramic industry.

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Reza Jamei (Corresponding author)

Assistant Professor of Accounting, University of Kurdistan (UOK), Sanandaj, Iran.

E-mail: rezajamei5@gmail.com Fax: +98-87-33235362

Yousef Gholami

Department of Management, Economics and Accounting, Payame Noor University (PNU), IRAN.

Mohammad Jamaladini

Department of Management, Economics and Accounting, Payame Noor University(PNU),IRAN.

Abstract: The present study aims to investigate the possibility of applying ERP system in the social security organization. To solve the research problem or answer its questions. The following steps like literary survey, designing variables and factors according to system characteristics, field study, validating the preliminary data, and finally preparing a questionnaire and distributing it among company managers in this area have been done. Friedman test was also used. The results show that the comprehensive system of in social security organization all four components are affected.

[Reza Jamei Yousef Gholami. Mohammad Jamaladini. Implementing Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) In Fars Province Social Security Organization. N Y Sci J 2021;14(4):49-56]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 6. doi:10.7537/marsnys140421.06.

Key words: social security organization - Enterprise Resource Planning.

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A Review of the Challenges in the Theory of Planned behavior and Integrative Framework Presentation in Social Behavior Related to Ecotourism and Wildlife Management

Marjan Jafarpour, M1, M.Manohar. 2*

1,2Faculty of Forestry, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

1. Marjan.jafarpoor@gmail.com

*2. Corresponding author:  mano@upm.edu.my

Abstract: The Theory of Planned Behaviour (TBP) is one of the most widely used models for social behaviour. Applied studies have examined whether the TBP is a true general social behavior model through, for example, the selection of samples from diverse populations or the use of this model to develop effective strategies for behavior change. Several interfering factors can affect control intended behavior. In this review, the motivational and cognitive factors are considered in the final integrated model which can be applied in the field of conservation and wildlife management.

[Marjan Jafarpour, M, M.Manohar. A Review of the Challenges in the Theory of Planned behavior and Integrative Framework Presentation in Social Behavior Related to Ecotourism and Wildlife Management

.N Y Sci J 2021;14(4):57-76]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 7. doi:10.7537/marsnys140421.07.

Key words: TPB(Theory of Planned Behaviour), Integrated Framework, Cognitive hierarchy, Self-determination theory (SDT), Motivation Model.

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Simulation of All Optical Directional Coupler with Changing Central Rods Radius in Linear State by Using COMSOL Software

Sheler Maktoobi ¹, Neda Nasrollahi ²

^1,2 Sama technical and vocational training college, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj Branch, Sanandaj, Iran

¹Sheler.maktoobi@yahoo.com , ² neda_nasr2002@yahoo.com

Abstract. In this paper, an all optical switch based on linear photonic crystal directional coupler, consists of three regions of input, coupling and output has been Simulated and analyzed in order to increase high speed and quality of switches. For this reason FDTD method has also been identified as the preferred method for performing electromagnetic simulations. We have tried to increase the coupling efficiency and reduce the required power in the linear statue. Therefore, the input signal beam can be controlled to be exchanged between two output ports to earn the highest output power. As a result, electric field intensity and the power output that are two important factors to improve the switching performance and the device efficiency. Where central row rods are (0.15a) and (0.16a), all optical directional coupler switches have been investigated and simulated by using COMSOL software.

[Sheler Maktoobi, Neda Nasrollahi. Simulation of All Optical Directional Coupler with Changing Central Rods Radius in Linear State by Using COMSOL Software. N Y Sci J 2021;14(4):78-80]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 6. doi:10.7537/marsnys140421.08.

Key words: photonic crystal, all optical switches, FDTD method

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