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Role of Trace Elements in a sample of Egyptian Children with Febrile Seizures

Hussein M.H¹, El-Gendy A.A², Ibrahim A.F¹, Elbadry M.A¹

¹ Neurology Department, Faculty of Medicine- Al-Azhar University- Cairo Egypt

²Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine- Al-Azhar University- Cairo Egypt

mo_ah_moelbadry88@yahoo.com

Abstract: Background: Febrile seizures is a common neurological problem at childhood. About 30-40 % of children with first episode of febrile seizures will experience recurrences. A number of trace elements are said to play a role in febrile. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the association between levels of some trace elements and children with febrile seizures. Methods: This case control study was conducted in the neurology department of Al-Azhar university hospitals, Cairo, Egypt for one year. A total of 56 child were included those were divided into 3 groups after fulfilling our inclusion and exclusion criteria. 18 child with febrile seizure (I), 18 child with generalized epileptic seizures (II) and 18 child with febrile illness without seizures (III) as a control group. Serum Zn, Cu and Mg levels were measured. For statistical analysis, SPSS 20 program was used. Results: There was significant difference between group I and group II regarding positive family history of siblings with same medical condition. There is no significant differences noted in serum zinc, copper and magnesium levels between each gender. Group I had lower levels of zinc than group II with a significant difference. While there were no significant differences in copper and magnesium levels between these two groups. Group I had lower levels of zinc and higher levels of magnesium than group III with a significant difference. While there was no significant difference in copper level between groups I and III. Group II had higher levels of magnesium than group III with a significant difference. While there was no significant difference in zinc and copper levels between group II and group III. Conclusion: It appears that the presence of hypozincemia in presence of other risk factors may enhance the occurrence of febrile seizures explaining a possible correlation between low serum zinc levels and febrile seizures. Recommendation: Measuring serum zinc should be recommended for all children with febrile seizures. The possibility of prophylactic zinc supplementation in reducing the risk of febrile seizures in children with febrile seizures and even for normal children who are at high risk of developing febrile seizures.

[Hussein M.H, El-Gendy A.A, Ibrahim A.F, Elbadry M. Role of Trace Elements in a sample of Egyptian Children with Febrile Seizures. N Y Sci J 2019;12(8):1-6]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 1. doi:10.7537/marsnys120819.01.

Keywords: Role; Trace; Element; sample; Egyptian; Children; Febrile; Seizure

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The impact of timing of renal replacement therapy on the outcome of acute kidney injury in critically ill patient: a meta-analysis

Ahmed Elshaer, Rania Magdy Mohamed, Hany Magdy Fahim, Mahmoud Omar

Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care and Pain Management, Faculty of medicine, Aim Shams University, Egypt

Drmahmoudomar25@gmail.com

Abstract: Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication in the critically ill patients and associated with a substantial morbidity and mortality. Renal replacement therapy (RRT) remains the primary supportive management strategy for patients with severe AKI. However; the exact timing of initiation of RRT for better patient outcome is still debatable with conflicting data from randomized controlled trials. Thus, a systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to assess the impact of “early” versus “late” initiation of RRT. Objectives: To investigate the impact of timing of initiation of renal replacement therapy (RRT) on clinical outcomes in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury (AKI), focusing on the randomized controlled trials in this field. Methods: We enrolled 9 RCTs (since 2000 till 2019) with a total of 1636 patients in this Meta-analysis randomized as early and late groups focusing on mortality up to 90 days, intensive care unit LOS among survivors and non-survivors, hospital LOS among survivors and non-survivors, renal function recovery and renal replacement therapy dependence. The most fundamental differences among the trials were the large differences concerning the timing of RRT initiation among studies. Urine output, serum creatinine, serum urea nitrogen and AKI stages were not used unified in the individual studies to define the early and late RRT strategies. Results: A pooled analysis of the studies indicated no mortality benefit with “early” RRT, with an RR of 0.97 (95% CI 0.87 to 1.09, P = 0.010). There was no significant difference in intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay (LOS) or hospital LOS between the early and late RRT groups for survivors or non-survivors. Pooled analysis also demonstrated no significant change in renal function recovery (RR 0.99, 95% CI 0.91 to 1.07, I2 = 58.878%), RRT dependence (RR 0.76, 95% CI 0.42 to 1.37, I2 = 0%). Conclusion: Our meta-analysis revealed that the “early” initiation of RRT in critically ill patients did not result in a reduced Mortality. A pooled analysis of secondary outcomes Showed no significant difference in Intensive care unit Length of stay (LOS) or hospital Length of stay (LOS) between early and late RRT group for survivors or non- survivors. A pooled analysis also demonstrated no significant change in renal function recovery and RRT dependence.

[Ahmed Elshaer, Rania Magdy Mohamed, Hany Magdy Fahim, Mahmoud Omar. The impact of timing of renal replacement therapy on the outcome of acute kidney injury in critically ill patient: a meta-analysis. N Y Sci J 2019;12(8):7-18]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 2. doi:10.7537/marsnys120819.02.

Key Words: Acute kidney injury, renal replacement therapy, Length of stay

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Prediction of Hemorrhagic Transformation in Acute Ischemic Stroke among A Sample of Adult Egyptian Patients

Prof. Dr. Hussein Mohamed Hussein Metwally¹, Dr. Mohammed Hamed¹, Dr. Ibrahim Metwally Bauomy², Dr. Ahmed Hamed³ Ali and Ahmed El-Sharkawy El-Saied El-Shrakawy El-Geaidi¹

¹Neurology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt

²Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt

³Diagnostic Radiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt

ahmedelgeaidi@gmail.com

Abstract: Hemorrhagic transformation id a common complication after ischemic stroke especially after thrombolytic therapy. Multiple risk factors have been incriminated in the development of such complication. This study was conducted to determine the predictive factors for development of hemorrhagic transformation in patients with acute ischemic stroke among a sample of adult Egyptian patients. Patients and methods: Ninety-one cases with acute ischemic stroke were included and they were divided into two groups; group (A) that included 69 cases who did not develop hemorrhagic transformation, and group (B) that included 22 cases who developed the previous complication. Patients were evaluated clinically and base line CT as well as routine laboratory investigations were performed for all cases. Additionally, echocardiography and follow up CT were ordered only in selected cases. Results: Demographics did not differ between both groups. Hypertension was more prevalent in group B (p < 0.001). Neither diabetes nor ischemic heart disease were different statistically between groups. Moreover, group B had a higher NIH scores (p < 0.001). Regarding laboratory findings, group B had higher INR, higher LDL, and lower TGs when compared to group A (p < 0.05). In addition, early CT signs and higher ejection fraction were noticed in the hemorrhagic group (p < 0.05). On multivariate analysis, hypertension, INR, early CT findings, and LDL were significant predictors of hemorrhagic transformation with p value of 0.002, 0.008, 0.038, and 0.022 respectively, and odds ratio of 131.9, 270.3, 8.6, and 1.1 in order of speech. Conclusion: Based on our results, the group with hemorrhagic transformation showed higher prevalence of hypertension, higher NIH scores, higher INR, lower TGs levels, higher LDL levels, more early CT signs, and higher ejection fraction when compared to the other group. On multivariate analysis, hypertension, INR, Early CT signs, and high LDL levels were significant predictors of HT.

[Hussein Mohamed Hussein Metwally, Mohammed Hamed, Ibrahim Metwally Bauomy, Ahmed Hamed³ Ali and Ahmed El-Sharkawy El-Saied El-Shrakawy El-Geaidi. Prediction of Hemorrhagic Transformation in Acute Ischemic Stroke among A Sample of Adult Egyptian Patients. N Y Sci J 2019;12(8):19-25]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 3. doi:10.7537/marsnys120819.03.

Key words: acute ischemic stroke, hemorrhagic transformation.

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Effect of acute kidney injury on weaning from mechanical ventilation in critically ill patients

Prof. Dr. Mostafa Kamel Fouad, Assist. Dr. Ossama Ramzy Youssef, Dr. Noura M. Youssri Ahmed Mahmoud and David Mamdouh Saleh Rizq

Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and pain management, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Egypt

davidmamdouhsaleh@gmail.com

Abstract: Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) is a frequently encountered condition in hospitalized patients specially critically ill patients in ICUs. This condition is not a single organ failure but it is a multi-organ syndrome as AKI negatively affects many other organs. In our study we chose to investigate the effect of AKI on respiratory system. Specifically on the mechanically ventilated patients and how AKI would affect the weaning of these patients. Our study sample was 150 mechanically ventilated patients. They were divided into 2 groups according to their renal function: Group A: 50 patients with normal kidney function; Group B: 100 patients suffered from AKI at any point during their admission. Serum Creatinin (SCr) and urine output was routinely recorded at admission and every 24 hours. Duration of MV, duration of weaning, rate of weaning failure and mortality rates were recorded among other data such as demographic data, SAPS score at admission, cause of admission and co-morbidities. These data were statistically analyzed between the 2 groups. As regard demographic data, SAPS score, cause of admission and co-morbidities, they all showed no statistical significant difference between the 2 groups. As regard duration of MV and duration of weaning (length of time elapsed from the moment the patient reached weaning criterion to the time the patient was extubated), there were significant statistical difference between the two groups. As the group of patients suffered from AKI lasted longer on MV and had longer duration of weaning. As regardrate of weaning failure, it was significantly higher in AKI patients (Group A). While successful first time weaning was higher in non AKI patients (Group B). Mortality rate was also significantly higher in patients was AKI (Group A) than non AKI patients (Group B). In conclusion, AKI has significant deleterious effect on respiratory system. Which is clearly seen in our resulted. As AKI significantly worsened the outcome of mechanically ventilated patients regarding days of MV, weaning failure and up to mortality rates.

[Mostafa Kamel Fouad, Assist. Ossama Ramzy Youssef, Noura M. Youssri Ahmed Mahmoud and David Mamdouh Saleh Rizq. Effect of acute kidney injury on weaning from mechanical ventilation in critically ill patients. N Y Sci J 2019;12(8):26-32]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 4. doi:10.7537/marsnys120819.04.

Keywords: Effect; acute kidney injury; mechanical ventilation; ill; patient

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Association of Peripheral Nesfatin-1 with Early Stage Diabetic Nephropathy

Prof. Dr. Atef Mohamed Taha, Prof¹. Dr. Amal Saeed El bendary², Dr. Amal Abd El Moniem Selim¹ and Sherif Mohamed Taher¹

¹Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Egypt

² Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Egypt

Sheriftaher5@gmail.com

Abstract: Background: It is well known that diabetes mellitus is a major health problem with worldwide spectrum. Diabetic nephropathy is one of its major microvascular complications which is a leading cause for end stage renal disease, hence comes the importance of its early detection even before the development of its triad: albuminuria, hypertension and declining renal function. Aim of the work: This study aims to evaluate serum Nesfatin-1 as a potential early biomarker of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) in type 2 diabetic patients. Patients and methods: The study enrolled 100 adult patients from Tanta University Hospital and Ahmed Maher Teaching Hospital (Internal medicine inpatient wards and outpatient clinics) over twelve months duration and divided into two groups: Group І which included 50 adult patients with type 2 diabetes and normoalbuminuria (UAE<30) mg/day) and group ІІ which included 50 adult patients with type 2 diabetes and albuminuria (UAE>30 mg/day). Both patients groups were subjected to the following: full history taking, clinical examination, laboratory investigations which included complete blood picture, serum fasting blood glucose, 2 hours post prandial blood glucose, HbA_1C., total cholesterol and triglycerides levels, kidney function tests including: blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine levels, uric acid, ALT, AST, alkaline phosphatase and serum albumin levels, urinary albumin to creatinine ratio, complete urine analysis, determination of serum Nesfatin-1 levels and pelvi-abdominal ultrasonography. Results: This study revealed a statistically high significant increase regarding serum Nesfatin-1 levels in group ІІ (diabetics with albuminuria) when compared to group І (diabetics with normoalbuminuria). Serum Nesfatin-1 levels had statistically significant positive correlation with DM duration, serum triglycerides, HBA1c, serum uric acid, serum creatinine, BUN levels and UACR in the studied groups. There was no statistically significant correlation between serum Nesfatin-1 levels and age, SBP, DBP, BMI, ALT, AST, serum cholesterol level, FBS and 2HP.P BG. Serum Nesfatin-1 had an optimal cutoff value > 12.65 mmol/L with area under the ROC curve at 0.841 and at 95% confidence interval (CI) the lower bound was 0.752 and the upper bound was 0.930 and with sensitivity 80.0% and specificity 74.0%. Conclusion: In the present study, we concluded that serum Nesfatin-1 can be considered an early biomarker for diabetic nephropathy in type 2 diabetic patients.

[Atef Mohamed Taha, Prof. Amal Saeed Elbendary, Amal Abd El Moniem Selim and Sherif Mohamed Taher. Association of Peripheral Nesfatin-1 with Early Stage Diabetic Nephropathy. N Y Sci J 2019;12(8):33-43]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 5. doi:10.7537/marsnys120819.05.

Keywords: Association; Peripheral Nesfatin-1; Early Stage Diabetic Nephropathy

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Use of Transcranial Sonography for Assessment of Brain Midline Shift In Neurocritical Patients: A Systematic Review

Prof. Dr. Sameh Michel Hakim, Dr. Ayman Ahmad El Sayed Abdellatif, Dr. Mona Ahmed Mohammed Abdelmotaleb Ammar and Muhammad Ibrahim Reyad Ali

Anaesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain Management, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Egypt

Hamzareyad2015@hotmail.com

Abstract: Brain midline shift (MLS) in neurocritical patients is a life-threatening condition that requires urgent diagnosis and treatment. The early detection of MLS in neurocritical patient is thus very important because it allows starting an appropriate treatment plan to improve morbidity and mortality. Head CT is considered to be the gold standard tool to diagnose MLS. Transcranial sonography (TCS) is a bedside neuroimaging technique which is safe, painless and accurate. The aim of this study is comparing the accuracy of TCS in measuring brain MLS in neurocritical patient to Head CT. In this systematic review we selected 10 studies were published in the last 20 years that compared TCS to head CT as a tool in measuring MLS in neurocritical patients and we found that TCS can detect and monitor MLS with only a small difference in comparison to head CT. So, it provides a cheap, accurate and non-invasive bedside tool for diagnosis and monitoring of brain MLS.

[Sameh Michel Hakim, Ayman Ahmad El Sayed Abdellatif, Mona Ahmed Mohammed Abdelmotaleb Ammar and Muhammad Ibrahim Reyad Ali. Use of Transcranial Sonography for Assessment of Brain Midline Shift In Neurocritical Patients: A Systematic Review. N Y Sci J 2019;12(8):44-51]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 6. doi:10.7537/marsnys120819.06.

Keywords: Transcranial; Sonography; Assessment; Brain; Midline; Shift; Neurocritical Patients; Systematic

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Carver Policy Governance Model in Saudi Arabian Charities

Entisar Hassan Amasha

College of Business Administration, Taif University, Saudi Arabia

Email: Intesar.a@tu.edu.sa

Abstract: This study was carried out has mainly focused on Governance Theory that presents standards and best practices and the Performance Measurement (PM) as a key role of the charity Board of Directors (BODs). As well, significantly, the findings that have emerged from the qualitative approach, semi-structured interviews, analysis and discussion provide deep understanding of the PM and the actual and practical successful assessment models. The evidential outcome suggests that the roles of the BODs and the governance style of the charity are the essential factors in measuring performance. Also, charities should consider the various aspects when measuring their performance such as a governance aspect and BODs’ roles.

[Entisar Hassan Amasha. Carver Policy Governance Model in Saudi Arabian Charities. N Y Sci J 2019;12(8):52-57]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 7. doi:10.7537/marsnys120819.07.

Keywords: Board of Directors: Governance Theory; Policy Governance Model; Non-Profit Organization; Charities.

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Causes and Consequences of Child Labor in Sindh: A Study from Hyderabad Pakistan

Meetha Ram¹, Beihai Tian¹, Bakhtawar Nizamani², Assan Das ³, Nazia Bhutto ⁴ and Naeem Ahmed Junejo ⁵

^1.Department of Sociology, College of Humanities & Social Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan China. msagarparmar@gmail.com

^2. Department of Sociology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Sindh Jamshoro, Pakistan

^3. Department of Social Work, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Sindh Jamshoro, Pakistan

^4. Sindh Development Studies Centre, University of Sindh Jamshoro, Pakistan

^5. School of Social Development and Public Policy, Beijing Normal University China

Abstract: Child labor involves the type of work which deprives children at early age from their childhood and stops their mental, physical and psychological growth. There are negative consequences of child labor on their future life and wellbeing. In most of the cases the children are not paid their proper wages or in some cases children work without pay at early age. There are international laws to protect child rights and stop child labor in the world. There are national and provincial child protection laws in Pakistan as per international commitments. This study has been taken Qasimabad town of Hyderabad District of Sindh province in Pakistan as case to find out causes and consequences of child labor. The study has aimed at finding out reasons of child labor and status of their daily earning. It also aimed to know the type of work done by children and their parents or guardians, the status of education and their interest towards attending school has also been found out by this study.

[Ram M, Tian B, Nizamani B, Das A, Bhutto N, Junejo NA. Causes and Consequences of Child Labor in Sindh; A Study from Hyderabad Pakistan. N Y Sci J2019;12(8):58-64]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 8. doi:10.7537/marsnys120819.08.

Keywords: Child, Labor, Child Labor, Child Rights, Child Protection

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Evaluation of Carcass Characteristics, Organ Weights and Cost-Benefits of Feeding Broiler Chickens With Raw or Processed Tropical Sickle Pod (Senna obtusifolia) Seed Meal Based-Diets

Augustine, C.^*1, Kwari, I.D.², Igwebuike, J.U.², Adamu, S.B.², Ahmed S.³, Katsala, G.J.⁴, Ardo, M.U.⁴, Shall, M.P.³ and Maspalma, A.J.³

^1. Department of Animal Production, Adamawa State University, Mubi, Nigeria.

^2. Department of Animal Science, University of Maiduguri, Nigeria.

^3.Department of Home Economics, Adamawa State College of Education, Hong

^4.Department of Agricultural Education, Adamawa State College of Education, Hong

audaggai@gmail.com, GSM_+234 08132946167

Abstract：A feeding trial was conducted for eight (8) weeks to evaluate the effects of feeding raw or processed Senna obtusifolia seed meal (SOSM) based-diets on carcass yields, organ weights and economic performance of broiler chickens. Six experimental diets were compounded to contain 0% and 20% each of the raw, boiled, soaked, sprouted and fermented SOSM designated as T1, T2, T3, T4, T5 and T6, respectively. Two hundred and sixteen (216) broiler chickens were randomly allotted to the six dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design with pen location serving as the blocking factor. The chicks were replicated three times with each replicate containing twelve (12) chicks. Data were collected on live weight, dressed weight, dressing percentage, cut-up parts (drumstick, thighs, wings and breast), organ weights (gizzard, heart, pancrease and liver). Cost-benefits of using SOSM as feed ingredient for broiler chickens was also assessed. The results indicated that broiler chickens fed the neutral diet (0% SOSM) and 20% fermented SOSM based-diets significantly (P<0.05) recorded the best dressing percentage of 78.08% and 75.44%. The lowest dressing percentage (58.13%) was observed in the group of broiler chickens fed the raw SOSM based-diet. The cut-up parts showed similar trend as that of the dressing percentage. The highest yields for cut-up parts on percentage live weight basis for thighs, drumstick and breast (10.87, 9.09 and 17.71%) and (11.09, 8.76, and 16.96%) were observed in the groups of broiler chickens fed the 0% and 20% fermented SOSM based-diets. The poorest cut-up parts on percentage live weight basis for thighs, drumstick and breast (7.23, 5.65 and 10.34%) were observed in the broiler chickens fed the raw SOSM based-diets. The weights of organs were significantly (P<0.05) affected by the dietary treatments. The highest weights for liver were observed in the groups of broiler chickens fed the raw (2.64 g), soaked (2.30 g), and sprouted (2.19 g) SOSM based-diets. On economic grounds, the use of processed SOSM especially the boiled and fermented SOSM were cost-effective because they indicated the lowest feed cost of N195.52 and N208.00 per kilogram body weight gain. However, the raw SOSM which indicated the lowest feed cost per kilogram (N64.72) was observed to record the highest feed cost per kilogram body weight gain (N260.17). In conclusion, the groups of broiler chickens fed the fermented SOSM indicated better carcass yield and economic benefits compared to the broiler chickens fed the raw, boiled, soaked and sprouted Senna obtusifolia seed meal based-diets and is therefore recommended for feeding of broiler chickens.

[Augustine, C., Kwari, I.D., Igwebuike, J.U., Adamu, S.B., Ahmed S., Katsala, G.J., Ardo, M.U., Shall, M.P and Maspalma, A.J. Evaluation of Carcass Characteristics, Organ Weights and Cost-Benefits of Feeding Broiler Chickens With Raw or Processed Tropical Sickle Pod (Senna obtusifolia) Seed Meal Based-Diets. N Y Sci J 2019;12(8):65-70]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 9. doi:10.7537/marsnys120819.09.

Keywords: Carcass characteristics, processed tropical sickle pod

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Dynamics Of General And Special Physical Training Of Experienced Female Boxers

Umarov Kаhhor Abbosovich

Uzbek state university of physical education and sport, 111709, Tashkent region, Chirchik city, Sportchilar street, 19 Phone: (0-370) 717-17-71

Fax: (0-370) 717-17-76 Web-site: www.uzdjtsu.uz,

Abstract: In this paper, we present the results of the dynamics of general and special training to optimize the trainer loads of qualified female boxers in the pre- competition stage of training.

[Umarov Kаhhor Abbosovich. Dynamics Of General And Special Physical Training Of Experienced Female Boxers. N Y Sci J 2019;12(8):71-74]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 10. doi:10.7537/marsnys120819.10.

Keywords: Highly- qualified woman boxers, general and special physical training stopwatch. (SPUDERG – 4 equipment).

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Right To Privacy: An Overview

Neeraj* & Bhawna**

Assistant Professor, Geeta Institute of Law, Panipat, Haryana (India)

Email: *advocateneerajjain@gmail.com, ** bhawnabhardwaj1321@gmail.com

Abstract: The concept of “privacy” can be traced out in the ancient test of Hindus. As per HITOPADESH, certain matter includes worship, sex and family matters should be protected from disclosure. This is not entirely alien to Indian Culture but some jurist like Sheetal Asrani-Dann has some doubts about the evolution in India. In 2002, the Delhi High Court held that a person who is suffering from the dreadful disease of AIDS cannot claim the right of privacy and cannot maintain the right of secrecy against his proposed bride and the laboratory which tested his blood. A year later, the above decision was upheld by the Supreme Court in Mr. ‘X’ v. Hospital ‘Z’, wherein it was reiterated that the bride has an unequivocal right to have full knowledge about her proposed husband’s health and the hospital or the doctor concerned has the lawful authority to carry out the same. The Courts have taken divergent views on the issue of mandatory medical tests violating an individual’s right to privacy. While it has been held that ordering/allowing medical examination of a woman to determine her virginity would be a gross violation of her right to privacy, the Matrimonial Courts have the power to order a spouse to undergo medical test.

[Neeraj & Bhawna. Right To Privacy: An Overview. N Y Sci J 2019;12(8):75-80]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 11. doi:10.7537/marsnys120819.11.

Keywords: Right, Privacy, Article 21, Constitution, India.

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Indirect Vector Control of Induction Motor by Adjusting PI Parameter Using Genetic Algorithm

Mehdi Akbarpour ¹, Hamed Sadeghi ², Mohammad Lohi ³, Hosein Khalilifar ⁴

^1. Department of Electrical Engineering, Minab Branch, Islamic Azad University, Minab, Iran

^2. Department of Electrical Engineering, Astara Branch, Islamic Azad University, Astara, Iran

^3. Hormozgan Electrical Power Distribution Company, Hormozgan, Iran

^4. Nima Consultant Engineering Company, Mazandaran, Iran

akbarpourmehdi@gmail.com

Abstract: Entering alternating rotary electrical machines such as induction motors, electrical drivers industry have changed. They changed so much that despite of DC motor drivers, they had low control. Complicated structures and were used for fixed speed uses. With development of engineering science and the theory of vector control in drive industry, the industry developed basically and gradually they were good substitutions for DC drivers in a wide range. In this paper, we’ll study indirect vector control ways. Here, we try to improve the function of this control method by an improving method so that by getting controlling coefficients of drive speed, better results will be got. Genetic which was figured based on the best factors and controlling coefficients of PI set using it, was used in this case which proves the better function of the system. Genetic algorithm considers the decrease of speed error integral and gets proper parameters for PI current controller in different loading conditions.

[Mehdi Akbarpour, Hamed Sadeghi, Mohammad Lohi, Hosein Khalilifar. Indirect Vector Control of Induction Motor by Adjusting PI Parameter Using Genetic Algorithm. N Y Sci J 2019;12(8):81-90]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 12. doi:10.7537/marsnys120819.12.

Keywords: PI current controller; induction motors; indirect vector control; genetic algorithm

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