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Survey On Trends, Challenges, And Opportunities Of Honey Production And Its Marketing System In Hawa Gelan District Kellam Wollega Zone Western Ethiopia.

Atar Mohammed, Chala Mohammed, Lishan Aseffa and Zelalem Aberra

School of Veterinary Medicine, Collage of Medical and Health Science, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia

Corresponding author: chalamohammed@wollegauniversity.edu.et

Abstracts: The study was conducted in Hawa Gelan District, Kellem Wollega of Western Oromia national regional state, Ethiopia to assess trends, challenges and opportunities of honeybee production and marketing systems. Structured questionnaire was employed for the study. The cross-sectional study design were carried out by using desk research, interviews, surveys and visual observation as methods in seeking answer to research questions. Purposive (district), simple random (Peasant Associations) and Census (beekeepers) sampling techniques were employed to select 96 beekeepers from two Peasant Associations. The collected data were analyzed by using SPSS version 20. In the study area, three types of honeybee production practices were identified, namely: Traditional, Intermediate and Movable frame hive honeybee production practices. The result shows most 69.79 % of beekeepers in the study area have owned only traditional bee hives. As a result the average annual honey produced per households was very low which estimated 93 kg in 2015. The average amount of honey harvested /hive/year from traditional hive, transitional hive and modern hive were 4.32±0.042kg, 9.83±1.05kg and 14.2±2.52kg respectively. The mean yields obtained from the three hives were statistically significant at (p < 0.05). From the beekeepers (64.6%) and (59.3%) have declared that deceasing trend of honey production and colony number from time to time respectively. Honey marketing participants were consumers (35%), retailers and consumers (31%), retailers (24%) and collectors (7.5%). The most important constraints, as beekeepers responded in their order of sequence were pests and predators (41.30%), poisoning of agro-chemicals (23.60%), high cost of modern hives and accessories (11.20%), shortage of bee forages (9.40%), low quality of honey products (7.20%), Poor infrastructure development (5.30%) and other factors (2.0%) were identified respectively. Despite of these, there are also future opportunities like presence of huge number of bee colonies (32.5%), availability of diverse vegetation plants and ample sources of water (21.70%), increasing demand of local honey (17.65%), presence of good government policy (9.0%) and others factors (19.15%). Further study is required to characterize honey bees of the area, quality of honey, major pests, predators and disease of economic importance. However, improving honey bee production techniques is important.

[Mohammed A, Mohammed C, Asefa L, Abera Z. Survey on Trends, Challenges, And Opportunities Of Honey Production And Its Marketing System In Hawa Gelan District Kellam Wollega Zone Western Ethiopia. N Y Sci J 2019;12(6):1-9]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 1. doi:10.7537/marsnys120619.01.

Key words: Bee Keeping, Challenges; Hawa Gelan, Marketing, Opportunities, Trends

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Graphene

Ma Hongbao, PhD *, Wang Xueling

World Development Institute

39-06 Main Street, Flushing, Queens, New York 11354, USA, ma8080@gmail.com

Abstract: Graphene is an allotrope form of carbon consisting of a single layer of carbon atoms arranged in a hexagonal lattice. It is a semimetal with small overlap between the valence and the conduction bands. There are many other allotropes of carbon, such as graphite, diamond, charcoal, carbon nanotubes and fullerenes. The graphene can be considered as an indefinitely large aromatic molecule, the ultimate case of the family of flat polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Graphene is the strongest, thinnest material as we know now, and it can conduct electricity and heat better than anything else, and also one of the most pliable. Only a single atom thick, it has been called the wonder material. This article introduces recent research reports as references in the related studies.

[Ma H, Wang X. Graphene. N Y Sci J 2019;12(6):10-17]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 2. doi:10.7537/marsnys120619.02.

Keywords: graphene; carbon; graphite; allotrope; research

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Effect of Nano NPK versus Normal NPK on Growth and Vine Nutritional Status of Superior Grapevines

Faissal F. Ahmed ¹, Mohamed A.M. Abada²; Moawad A. Mohamed¹ and Ahmed R.M. Alwany²

¹Hort. Dept. Fac. of Agric. Minia Univ. Egypt.

²Viticulture Res. Dept. Hort. Res. Instit. ARC, Giza, Egypt

Abstract: During 2016 and 2017 seasons, Superior grapevines grown under Minia region conditions received NPK via normal at 60, 84 and 240 g/ vine and nano at 10, 14 and 40 g/ vine respectively. The merit was exploring the effect of nano NPK versus normal NPK on vegetative growth and vine nutritional status of Superior grapevines. Using NPK via nano technology was Superior than using these fertilizers via normal method. Combined application of these fertilizer via both systems was preferable than using each fertilizer alone in enhancing all growth aspects, photosynthetic pigments and percentages of N, P, K, Mg, Ca, Zn, Fe and Mn. The best results with regard to growth and vine nutritional status were obtained due to supplying Superior grapevines with N at 10 g / vine, P at 14 g / vine and K at 40 g / vine applied via nano technology.

[Faissal F. Ahmed, Mohamed A.M. Abada; Moawad A. Mohamed and Ahmed R.M. Alwan. Effect of Nano NPK versus Normal NPK on Growth and Vine Nutritional Status of Superior Grapevines. N Y Sci J 2019;12(6):18-24]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 3. doi:10.7537/marsnys120619.03.

Keywords: Nano technology, normal use, N, P, K, growth, vine nutritional status

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Impact Of Waste Dumpsite On Groundwater Quality In Ibadan, Southwestern Nigeria

Oluwatoyin Opeyemi Akintola And Bodede Adewunmi Idayat Bello

Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria Ibadan, Nigeria

Corresponding author: toyinakintola73@gmail.com

Abstract: Migration of leachates from waste dump through soils and rocks may pose a threat to groundwater resource if not properly managed. This study assessed the influence of waste dump if any on the groundwater quality and the extent to which it moves from the dumpsite to the surrounding area. Twelve groundwater samples were collected from 7 new and 5 existing hand dug wells at lateral distance (0 – 500 m) away from the dumpsite. Physical parameters such as pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), electrical conductivity (EC) were determined in-situ using a pH/ Temperature meter and Conductivity meter, anions (Cl^-, NO₃^-, HCO₃^-, and SO₄^2-) and cation ( Na⁺, K⁺, Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺) concentrations analysed using Ion Chromatography and Atomic Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS) respectively. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, graphs, regression and correlation coefficient. The pH ranges from 5.50 to 6.60 indicating the acidic nature of the water samples. High values of TDS (149.67-700.27 mg/l) and EC (299.52-1076.21 mm/S) were observed while respective anions (Cl^-, NO3⁼, HCO3^- and SO4⁼) concentrations range from 123.95-288.10, 8.99-63.50, 122.57-232.12, 170.11- 360.84 mg/l. Cations concentrations are Na⁺ (14.19-38.56mg/l), K⁺ (4.19 – 15.11mg/l), Ca²⁺ (23.25-37.83mg/l) and Mg²⁺ (12.11 – 22.40mg/l). Strong correlation coefficient (r =0.90 to 0.98) obtained from the concentration of determined parameters and distance from dumpsite suggest anthropogenic influence on the groundwater quality. This study has shown that Lapite dumpsite has impacted the surrounding groundwater and this has shown a significant threat to public health of the people living in the area.

[Oluwatoyin Opeyemi Akintola And Bodede Adewunmi Idayat Bello. Impact Of Waste Dumpsite On Groundwater Quality In Ibadan, Southwestern Nigeria. N Y Sci J 2019;12(6):25-39]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 4. doi:10.7537/marsnys120619.04.

Key words: Anthropogenic influence, Dumpsite, Groundwater quality, Leachates, Public health

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Effect Of Some Slow Release N Fertilizers on Growth and Fruiting in Early Sweet Grapevines

Ahmed, M.M.A. Akl¹, Ahmed M.K. Abdelaal¹, Mohamed A.M. Abada² and Meena N. I. Hanna²

¹Hort. Dept. Fac. of Agric. Minia. Univ. Egypt.

² Viticulture, Res. Dept. Hort. Rest. Instit., ARC., Giza, Egypt.

Abstract: During 2016 and 2017 seasons, Early Sweet grapevines grown under sandy soil were fertilized with four slow release N fertilizers namely phosphorus – coated urea, sulphur coated urea, formladehyde and Methylene urea and the urea the fast soluble fertilizer. The four slow release N fertilizers were used at 25 to 50 g N/ vine and the urea was used at 50 g N/ vine. Using the four slow release N fertilizers namely phosphorus – coated urea, sulphur coated urea, methylene urea and urea- formaldehyde each at 25 to 50 g N/ vine was superior than using urea the fast release fertilizer in improving all growth aspects, photosynthetic pigments, N, P, K, Mg, Zn, Fe and Mn, yield and quality of the grapes. The best slow release N fertilizers were phosphorus coated urea, urea formaldehyde, methyelen urea and sulphur coated urea, in descending order. No measurable promotion on these aspects was detected among using 25 and 50 g N/ vine for each slow release N fertilizer. The best results with regard to yield and quality of Early sweet grapevines were obtained, due to supplying the vines with phosphorus- coated urea at 25 g N/ vine.

[Ahmed, M.M.A. Akl, Ahmed M.K. Abdelaal, Mohamed A.M. Abada and Meena N. I. Hann. Effect Of Some Slow Release N Fertilizers on Growth and Fruiting in Early Sweet Grapevines. N Y Sci J 2019;12(6):40-47]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 5. doi:10.7537/marsnys120619.05.

Keywords: Slow release, fast release- fertilizers phosphorus – coated urea, sulphur coated urea, methylene urea and urea- formaldehyde urea, growth, yield and berries quality- Early sweet.

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Response of Keitte Mango Trees to Spray Boron Prepared by Nanotechnology Technique

Ahmed, M.M.A. Akl¹, Ahmed, Y. Mohamed² and Mohamed A. Zakier²

¹Hort. Dept. Fac. of Agric. Minia Univ. Egypt.

²Tropical Fruits Res. Dept. Hort. Res. Instit. ARC, Giza, Egypt.

Abstract: This study was performed during 2016 and 2017 seasons to examine the effect of nano versus normal boron on growth and fruiting of Keitte mango trees onto Succary mango rootstock and grown under Upper Egypt conditions. Treating Keitte mango trees three times with nano boron at 5 to 20 ppm or normal boron at 50 to 200 ppm considerably improved all growth aspects, photosynthetic pigments, N, P, K, Mg, B, Zn, Fe and Mn, initial fruit setting, fruit retention, number of fruits/ tree, yield per tree and per fed. as well as physical and chemical characteristics of the fruits relative to the control. Using boron via nanotechnology was superior than using boron through normal methods in this respect. The best results with regard to yield and fruit haracteristics of Keitte mango trees were obtained by treating the trees three times with nano boron at 10 ppm.

[Ahmed, M.M.A. Akl, Ahmed, Y. Mohamed and Mohamed A. Zakie. Response of Keitte Mango Trees to Spray Boron Prepared by Nanotechnology Technique. N Y Sci J 2019;12(6):46-53]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 6. doi:10.7537/marsnys120619.06.

Keywords: Nanotechnology- traditional method, boron, growth, yield fruit characteristics Keitte mangoes

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Effect of Spraying Methylene Urea on Growth and Fruiting of Superior Grapevines

Ahmed, M.M.A. Akl¹; Ahmed, M.K., Abdelal¹, Mohamed A. Hussein², and Reem F. Abo-El-Magd¹

¹Hort. Dept. Fac. of Agric. Minia Univ. Egypt.

²Hort. Dept. Fac. of Agric. Souhag Univ. Egypt

Abstract: During 2016 and 2017 seasons, Superior grapevines grown under Upper Egypt conditions were subjected to spray with the slow release N fertilizer namely methylene urea twice, thrice or four times at 0.25 to 1.0 %. The merit was detecting the effect of these concentrations and frequencies of applications on growth and fruiting of the vines. Two, three or four sprays of methylene urea at 0.25 to 1.0 % succeeded in enhancing growth aspects, photosynthetic pigments N, Mg, Ca, Zn, Fe, Mn, yield and berries characteristics over the control. Percentage of shot berries and total acidity were negatively effected by the present treatments leaf content of P K and Cu was unaffected. The effect either in increase or decrease was depended on increasing concentrations and frequencies of applications. Negligible promotion was noticed among the use of methylene urea thrice or four times. An outstanding effect on yield and berries characteristics was observed due to treating the Superior grapevines three times with methylene urea at 1.0 % (growth start, before blooming and just after berry setting).

[Ahmed, M.M.A. Akl; Ahmed, M.K., Abdelal, Mohamed A. Hussein, and Reem F. Abo-El-Mag. Effect of Spraying Methylene Urea on Growth and Fruiting of Superior Grapevines. N Y Sci J 2019;12(6):56-62]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 7. doi:10.7537/marsnys120619.07.

Keywords: Methylene urea, concentrations, frequencies of Application, growth, yield, berries characteristics.

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The Importance of Algorithms

Manjunath. R

#16/1, 8th Main Road, Shivanagar, Rajajinagar, Bangalore560010, Karnataka, India

*Corresponding Author Email: manjunath5496@gmail.com

*Website: http://www.myw3schools.com/

Abstract: A Computer Program can be viewed as an elaborate algorithm and algorithms are very important in Computer Science for solving a problem -- based on conducting a sequence of specified actions. The best chosen algorithm usually means a small procedure that solves a recurrent problem and makes sure computer will do the given task at best possible manner. In cases where efficiency matters -- a proper algorithm is really vital to be used. An algorithm is important in optimizing a computer program according to the available resources – often play a very significant part in the structure of artificial intelligence, where simple algorithms are used in simple applications, while more complex ones help frame strong artificial intelligence.

[Manjunath. R. The Importance of Algorithms. N Y Sci J 2019;12(6):63-65]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 8. doi:10.7537/marsnys120619.08.

Keywords: Algorithms; Computer; Programming; Instructions; Efficiency; Applications.

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Exploration of Big Data in Nigerian Digital News Media Using Machine Learning Approach (Naïve Bayes Algorithm)

Bisallah HI*, Owolabi O*, Aminat A*

*Department of Computer Science, University of Abuja, Nigeria

Hashim.bisallah@uniabuja.edu.ng

Abstract: This research focuses on exploration of big data in Nigerian digital news media using Naïve Bayes Algorithm. Social media data set was collected from three major twitter handles of some selected newspapers and analysed with intend to revealing velocity, variety and volume of the data. The research shows that most of the news posted, politics seems to be the most discussed topic followed by business and sports. The result also shows Nigerian online readership followers of all the newspapers online are the most interactive followed by African countries. The research also reveals that majority of the topics mentioned in the tweets of all the newspapers contains word that are political in nature. On the topic trends, the followers exclusively focused on sports and politics, revealing behavioral patterns in the network, discourse focus and network connectivity, demographics as determinant of interactions and connections, patterns and messages speed at the expense of business areas. The big data that has been analysed will help online content news editors, online marketers, individuals, governments and businesses understand the essence of trends of reader’s perspective in other to boost readership reach, appropriate online news content to be posted by contend editors, effective decisions making having identified many patterns within it.

[Bisallah HI, Owolabi O, Aminat A. Exploration of Big Data in Nigerian Digital News Media Using Machine Learning Approach (Naïve Bayes Algorithm). N Y Sci J 2019;12(6):66-77]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 9. doi:10.7537/marsnys120619.09.

Key words: Big Data, New Media, Social Media, Topic modelling, Latent Semantic Analysis, Multinomial Naïve Bayes, Latent Dirichlet Allocation, Visualization, Exploration

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Stress analysis of Z - section beam

A. Moharrami

Faculty of Engineering, University of Zanjan, P.O. Box 45195-313, Zanjan, Iran

Abstract. This report is broken down into 5 different sections. The first section outlines the objectives of the experiment conducted and what is hoped to be achieved. The next section summarizes the experimental procedure of the z-beam analysis and gives a detailed description of how different loads were applied to the beam. The next section explains the theoretical principles and the third section describes the software used for the analysis and outlines the different input commands applied within Abaqus and final two sections contain a discussion and conclusion.

[A. Moharrami. Stress analysis of Z - section beam. N Y Sci J 2019;12(6):78-86]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 10. doi:10.7537/marsnys120619.10.

Keywords: stress, Z-section, moment, displacement, load.

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