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1

Power of Monte Carlo Test for Different Returns to Scale in Production Function

Awoingo Adonijah Maxwell* and Isaac Didi Essi

Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Rivers State University, P. M. B. 5080 Port Harcourt, Nigeria.

*Corresponding Author’s E-mail: maxwellawoingo@yahoo.com

Abstract: The aim of this study is to find the power of Monte Carlo test involving different returns to scale in production function. In a Monte Carlo study in which the above test have conducted, sample sizes of 20, 40 and 80 are used with each experiment replicated 20 times. The null hypothesis H₀ against the alternative hypothesis H₁ for decrease returns scale constant returns to scale and increase returns scale were conducted at 5 % significant level. The result obtained from the test conducted showed that for l = 0.65, the powers of the test for T=20 is 0.7000(70 %), for T=40 is 0.9000 (90 %) and for T=80 is 1.0000(100%) respectively. For l =1.00, the power of the test for T=20 is 0.7000(70 %), for T=40 is 0.9000(90 %) and for T=80 is 1.0000(100 %) respectively. It the same for l = 1.35. It has been found that as the sample size increases, the power of the test decreases and vice-visa.

[Maxwell, A. A. and Essi, I. D. Power of Monte Carlo Test for Different Returns to Scale in Production Function. N Y Sci J 2019;12(5):1-7]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 1. doi:10.7537/marsnys120519.01.

Keywords: Power, Monte Carlo test, production function, constant returns, sample size, power of the test

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Importance of Fungi in the Petroleum, Agro-Allied, Agriculture and Pharmaceutical Industries

Leera Solomon, Vulebari Pius Tomii and Asiton-a Asifamabia Dick

Department of Science Laboratory Technology, School of Science and Technology, Captain Elechi Amadi Polytechnic, Rumuola, P. M. B. 5936, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria

Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Port Harcourt, P. M. B. 5323, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria.

sololeera@yahoo.com

Abstract: Fungi play an important role in addressing major global challenges. Use of fungal processes and products can lead to increased sustainability through more efficient use of natural resources. Fungi are used in many industrial fermentative processes, such as the production of vitamins, pigments, lipids, glycolipids, polysaccharides and polyhydric alcohols. They possess antimicrobial activities and are used in biomineralization, as a food for its high protein contents and as a biofertilizers. Fungi are extremely useful in making mycoproteins and acts as plant growth promoters and disease suppressor. Common examples of fungi are Penicillium sp, Mucor sp., Rhizopus sp., Fusarium sp., Cladosporium sp., Aspergillus sp. and Trichoderma sp. Fungi are used as food sources in the preparation of leavened bread and fermented juices (Saccharomyces crevisiae). Fungal biotechnology is a major participant in the global industry due to its mind blowing potential. In the new bioeconomy, fungi play a very important role in addressing major global challenges, being instrumental for improved resource efficiency, making renewable substitutes for products from fossil resources, upgrading waste streams to valuable food and feed ingredients, counteracting life-style diseases and antibiotic resistance through strengthening the gut biota, making crop plants more robust to survive climate change conditions, and functioning as host organisms for production of new biological drugs. The paper, seeks to examine the importance of fungi in the petroleum, agro-allied, Agriculture and pharmaceutical industries.

[Solomon, L., Tomii, V. P. and Dick, A. A. Importance of Fungi in the Petroleum, Agro-Allied, Agriculture and Pharmaceutical Industries. N Y Sci J 2019;12(5):8-15]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 2. doi:10.7537/marsnys120519.02.

Keywords: Petroleum, agro-allied, pharmaceutical, biomineralization, fungi, biofertilizers, antimicrobial.

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Effect of lymphatic pump techniques on liver function in hepatitis C patients

Hany Ezzat Obaya¹, Basant Hamdy Elrefaey^2,3, Mona Mohamed Morsy⁴, Emad Mohamed Ibrahim Taha⁵, Elsaied E. Shaaban⁶, and Eman Naser Eid Sayed⁷

¹Assistant Professor of Physical Therapy for Cardiovascular Respiratory Disorders & Geriatrics, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Egypt

² Assistant Professor of Cardiopulmonary rehabilitation, Faculty of physical therapy, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.

³Associate Professor of medical rehabilitation, Faculty of applied medical sciences, King Khaled University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.

⁴Professorof Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Alazhar University, Egypt

⁵Lecturerof Physical Therapy for Cardiovascular Respiratory Disorders & Geriatrics, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Egypt

⁶ MD of internal medicine, GIT unit, Elmatarya teaching hospital, Egypt

⁷Demonstrator of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Badr University in Cairo, Egypt

dremannaser92@yahoo.com

Abstract: Background: Hepatitis C viral infection is a major public health problem that has impact on the overall quality of life. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of lymphatic pump techniques on liver function in hepatitis C patients. Methods: Forty hepatitis C patients (men and women) with elevated liver enzymes participated in this study. The patients were assigned randomly into two equal groups, (study and control). Patients in the study group received lymphatic pump techniques (during the first month of medical treatment) in addition to their routine medical treatment. Patients in the control group received medical treatment only (sofosbuvir, daclatasvir). The Outcome Measures: Biochemistry analyzer was used in liver function test analysis (Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) before and after four weeks for both groups Results: There was statistical improvement in liver function in both groups in favor of the study group. Conclusion: lymphatic pump techniques are effective in improving liver function in hepatitis patients when added to medical treatment.

[Hany Ezzat Obaya, Basant Hamdy Elrefaey, Mona Mohamed Morsy, Emad Mohamed Ibrahim Taha, Elsaied E. Shaaban, and Eman Naser Eid Saye. Effect of lymphatic pump techniques on liver function in hepatitis C patients. N Y Sci J 2019;12(5):16-20]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 3. doi:10.7537/marsnys120519.03.

Keywords: hepatitis C, lymphatic pump techniques, immunity, liver function

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4

Scientific-Methodical And Biomedical Support Of Athletes In Preparation For The Olympic Games

Farkhod Turdiev

Doctor of philosophy (Ph.D.) in pedagogics, Associate professor

100114, Yunusabad district, avenue-18 (block of flats), house-39, flat 8, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

Address (U.S) 21030 US Highway 19 N, Clearwater, Florida, 33765, USA

Telephone: +998 (71) 2128435; + 1 (407)-989-74-77(US);

E-mail: farkhod.turdiyev@mail.ru

Abstract: The article provides information on the main activities of the Republican Scientific and Practical Center for Sports Medicine. It also describes the functional tasks of the members of the integrated scientific group (ISG), the distribution of work between them, ways to solve problems in preparing athletes for the Olympic Games. Methodical recommendations are intended for coaches and specialists of national teams of Uzbekistan, leaders of sports and federations of Uzbekistan.

[Farkhod Turdiev. Scientific-Methodical And Biomedical Support Of Athletes In Preparation For The Olympic Games. N Y Sci J 2019;12(5):21-25]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 4. doi:10.7537/marsnys120519.04.

Keywords: comprehensive survey, scientific research, competitive activity, scientific and methodological support, medical and biological support, integrated scientific group, the national team of Uzbekistan

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5

Determination of Water Quality Indices of the Freshwater Stretch of Orashi River, Ahoada West Local Government Area of Rivers State

Amacha, U. M., Obunwo, C. C. and Konne, J. L.

Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Rivers State University, P. M. B. 5080, Port Harcourt, Nigeria

mathewamacha31@gmail.com

Abstract: The study evaluated the physicochemical characteristics, microbial load and some heavy metal levels of freshwater stretch of Orashi River in Akinima, Ahoada west Local government area of Rivers state, Nigeria, with the aim of determining the water quality indices of the freshwater, since inhabitants utilize it for domestic purposes. Samples were collected from 5 sampling stations and analyzed using standard methods of analysis. The pH, electrical conductivity, temperature, alkalinity, total hardness, total dissolved solids and turbidity levels ranged from 5.98±0.48 - 6.61±5.98, 23.13 ± 8.57 -31.78 ± 5.17 µS/cm; 27.34 ± 1.48 - 27.50 ± 1.39 ^oC; 4.95±1.00 - 8.85±3.11mg/l; 29.89 ± 11.54 - 60.60 ± 9.34 mg/l; 16.95 ± 3.36 - 20.85 ± 1.25 mg/l and 6.42 ± 0.84- 13.34 ± 5.56 NTU respectively. DO, BOD and COD levels were 6.24 ± 1.43 - 6.84 ± 0.52 mg/l, 3.09 ± 1.14 - 3.63 ± 0.72 mg/l and 8.22 ± 2.54-16.59 ±4.94 mg/l respectively. Nitrate ranged from 0.14 ± 0.43- 0.37 ± 0.51mg/l, Chloride (5.96 ± 1.17 -11.81± 2.21mg/l); Phosphate (0.03 ± 0.001-0.44 ± 0.43 mg/l) and Sulphate (3.06 ± 1.53 -5.11 ± 1.52 mg/l). Trace metals gave Mn (0.005 ± 0.005- 0.018 ± 0.018 mg/l), Cu (0.018 ± 0.032- 0.252 ± 0.116 mg/l); Cr (0.003 ± 0.012 - 0.005 ± 0.002 mg/l), Pb (0.010 ± 0.000-0.008 ± 0.005mg/l) and Zn (0.029 ± 0.034 - 0.073 ± 0.008 mg/l). Total coliform indicated 4.75 ± 1.71 - 10.75± 2.31CFU/100 ml, Faeccal Coliform (0.50± 1.00 - 0.75 ± 1.50 CFU/100 ml); Total Heterotrophic Bacteria (3857.50 ± 2616.70 - 6165.00± 4086.83 CFU/100 ml) and Total Heterotrophic Fungi gave counts of 4,725.00 ± 2066.19 - 11725.00 ± 1268.53 CFU/100 ml). Although some physicochemical characteristic of the freshwater stretch including trace metals analyzed were within the national and international permissible limits, that of pH, COD and Sulphate exceeded the permissible limits. Microbial loads were high in the freshwater stretch when compared to the recommended limits. The computed water quality index for the freshwater stretch had value of 35.87. Results revealed deterioration in the quality of the freshwater stretch. Conclusively, the freshwater stretch of Orashi River in Akinima, Ahoada West L.G.A of Rivers state might not be fit for human consumption.

[Amacha, U. M., Obunwo, C. C. and Konne, J. L. Determination of Water Quality Indices of the Freshwater Stretch of Orashi River, Ahoada West Local Government Area of Rivers State. N Y Sci J 2019;12(5):26-31]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 5. doi:10.7537/marsnys120519.05.

Keywords: Physicochemical characteristics, Indices, Water Quality, Freshwater, Orashi River, Akinima stretch

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6

Assessment of fungal air spora at Asaba area in Delta State, Nigeria

Bosah, B.O.

Department of Agronomy, Delta State University, Asaba Campus, Asaba, Nigeria.

Abstract: The fungal air spora in Asaba area was investigated. The spore load was assessed during the raining and dry season of 2012. The air spora was assessed in three locations namely: Ogbeogonogo market area, Cable point market area and West end area,. The agar plate method was used. The result showed that there were seasonal variations in the air spora of the three locations. This influenced the types of fungi isolated and also the frequency of isolation. Many fungal colonies were isolated and identified and they include, Penicillium spp., Sclerotium spp., Aspergillusspp., Fusarium spp., Aspergillus spp., Cladosporum and yeasts. The air is the most common medium of dispersal of pollen grain, fungal spores and hypal fragments. Percentage frequency of isolation was determined for each of the fungus. The spore load was highest during the raining season.

[Bosah, B.O. Assessment of fungal air spora at Asaba area in Delta State, Nigeria. N Y Sci J 2019;12(5):32-36]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 6. doi:10.7537/marsnys120519.06.

Key words: fungal air spora, spore, fungi, Isolation

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7

Biosynthesis Of Silver Nano-Particles From Plant Extract

Hardeep Singh

Lecturer in Biology, Govt. Senior Secondary School, Singowal in Jind, Haryana (India)

Email: hssonadil@gmail.com

Abstract: In recent science Nanotechnology is a burning field for the researchers. Nanotechnology deals with the Nanoparticles having a size of 1-100 nm in one dimension used significantly concerning medical chemistry, atomic physics, and all other known fields. Nanoparticles are used immensely due to its small size, orientation, physical properties, which are reportedly shown to change the performance of any other material which is in contact with these tiny particles. These particles can be prepared easily by different chemical, physical, and biological approaches. But the biological approach is the most emerging approach of preparation, because, this method is easier than the other methods, ecofriendly and less time consuming. The Green synthesis was done by using the aqueous solution of Ocimum tenuiflorum (Tulsi) leaf extract and AgNO3. Silver was of a particular interest for this process due to its evocative physical and chemical properties. A fixed ratio of plant extract to metal ion was prepared and the color change was observed which proved the formation of nanoparticles. The nanoparticles were characterized by UV-vis Spectrophotometer and its action on bacterial growth.

[Hardeep Singh. Biosynthesis Of Silver Nano-Particles From Plant Extract. N Y Sci J 2019;12(5):37-43]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 7. doi:10.7537/marsnys120519.07.

Keywords: Silver, Nano-Particles, Plant, Spectrophotometers.

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8

Power of Monte Carlo Test for Different Returns to Scale in Production Function

Awoingo Adonijah Maxwell* and Isaac Didi Essi

Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Rivers State University, P. M. B. 5080 Port Harcourt, Nigeria.

*Corresponding Author’s E-mail: maxwellawoingo@yahoo.com

Abstract: The aim of this study is to find the power of Monte Carlo test involving different returns to scale in production function. In a Monte Carlo study in which the above test have conducted, sample sizes of 20, 40 and 80 are used with each experiment replicated 20 times. The null hypothesis H₀ against the alternative hypothesis H₁ for decrease returns scale constant returns to scale and increase returns scale were conducted at 5 % significant level. The result obtained from the test conducted showed that for l = 0.65, the powers of the test for T=20 is 0.7000 (70 %), for T=40 is 0.9000 (90 %) and for T=80 is 1.0000 (100%) respectively. For l =1.00, the power of the test for T=20 is 0.7000(70 %), for T=40 is 0.9000(90 %) and for T=80 is 1.0000(100 %) respectively. It the same for l = 1.35. It has been found that as the sample size increases, the power of the test decreases and vice-visa.

[Maxwell, A. M. and Essi, I. D. Power of Monte Carlo Test for Different Returns to Scale in Production Function. N Y Sci J 2019;12(5):44-51]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 8. doi:10.7537/marsnys120519.08.

Keywords: Power, Monte Carlo test, production function, constant returns, sample size, power of the test

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Nutritional Composition Of Rhizopus oligosporus-Treated Rice (Oryza sativa) Husk (RoTRH)

^*Ogunbajo, S. A.¹ And Belewu, M. A.²

^1.  Department of Animal Production, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Niger State

^2.  Department of Animal Production, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State

*Corresponding Author: khalifahshaq@gmail.com

Abstract: A study was carried out to determine the effect of fungal treatment of rice (Oryza sativa) husk on its nutrient content using Rhizopus oligosporus fungus. The rice husk was divided into two (2) treatments each of which was replicated thrice. One treatment was treated with R. oligosporus fungus using Solid State Fermentation (SSF) method while the other treatment was left untreated. The two treatments were analysed for proximate composition and mineral contents. Data collected was subjected to student T-test. The findings of the study revealed that there were variations between the untreated and treated rice husk. It was concluded that fungal treatment of rice husk using R. oligosporus improved its nutritional value thus making RoTRH a potential valuable feedstuff.

[Ogunbajo, S. A. And Belewu, M. A. Nutritional Composition Of Rhizopus oligosporus-Treated Rice (Oryza sativa) Husk (RoTRH). N Y Sci J 2019;12(5):52-56]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 9. doi:10.7537/marsnys120519.09.

Keywords: Rhizopus oligosporus, water, nutrients, treatment

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Model Of Diagnostic Solutions Of Intellectual Support Security Systems

Al- Khorazmy

mag. Khaydaraliyeva Khilola Tashkent University of Information Technologies, Uzbekistan

Abstract: Complex model of acceptance of diagnostic decisions of security systems is considered the questions of development which are consists of a multivariate matrix probability model for acceptance of diagnostic decisions and set of logical models considering for the set of the uniform classes of diseases.

[Al- Khorazmy. Model Of Diagnostic Solutions Of Intellectual Support Security Systems. N Y Sci J 2019;12(5):57-58]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 10. doi:10.7537/marsnys120519.10.

Keywords: hybrid, intellectual system, uniform class, making decision, probability model, logical model, reasoning, database, rule, expert, symptom, diagnosis.

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The Effect of Teaching techniques of distraction on the willingness of drug use (craving) and self-efficacy in women addicted to drugs and stimulants

Najmeh Khavaninzadeh, Department of Clinical Psychology, Yazd branch, Islamic Azad University, Yazd. Iran.

Fahimeh Dehghani (corresponding Author), Department of Clinical Psychology, Yazd branch, Islamic Azad University, Yazd. Iran.

Mohsen Saeed Manesh, Department of Clinical Psychology, Yazd branch, Islamic Azad University, Yazd. Iran.

Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of distraction techniques on self-efficacy and willingness to use drugs (craving) in women addicted to drugs and substance. The statistical population of the study is all women undergoing conservative treatment that referred to center for addiction treatment of doctor Jafari in the six months of 2015-2014 that after informing and obtaining consent from individuals to engage in research, 30 people were randomly selected among them and were in two groups of 15 participants for testing and controlling. Then, in 8 weekly group sessions of 45 minutes, the experimental group participated in the treatment group with the aim to teach distraction techniques. The instrument used in this study was a 17-item questionnaire of Scherrer and 14-item questionnaire of Haynes and colleagues at the pre-test and post-test. The main findings there is a significant difference between the mean scores of self-efficacy posttest in the experimental group (p <0/001) but obtained from covariance showed no significant difference between the mean scores of craving posttest in the experimental group.

[Najmeh Khavaninzadeh, Department of Clinical Psychology, Yazd branch, Islamic Azad University, Yazd. Iran. The Effect of Teaching techniques of distraction on the willingness of drug use (craving) and self-efficacy in women addicted to drugs and stimulants. N Y Sci J 2019;12(5):59-64]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 11. doi:10.7537/marsnys120519.11.

Key words: distraction techniques, craving, addiction, self-efficacy

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12

To Hear Or Not To Hear Wales, Discussion

Sri Srimad Bhaktivedanta Narayana Gosvami Maharaja

Abstract: Some persons may say that we should not read Tenth Canto Srimad-Bhagavatam, but I will not listen to this warning. I will say, “Produce any evidence that we should not. Has it been written in Srimad-Bhagavatam, or in Sri Caitanya-caritamrta, or has any guru in our line written like this? Has your Gurudeva told this?” Such persons will never be able to answer. I know that Srila Swami Maharaja has never written like this. This article is an Internet discussions.

[Sri Srimad Bhaktivedanta Narayana Gosvami Maharaja. To Hear Or Not To Hear Wales, Discussion. N Y Sci J 2019;12(5):65-69]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 12. doi:10.7537/marsnys120519.12.

Key words: person; Wales, Discussion, internet

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Genetic Algorithm of appropriate in the investment portfolio

Marzieh Shafih Naderi¹, Fazlolah Aboei², Marzieh Haghir Ebrahim Abadi³ (corresponding author)

¹Financial expert of University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.

²Department of Accounting, Islamic Azad University, Yazd, Iran.

³Department of Accounting, Islamic Azad University, Tabas, Iran.

mohsen8203934@yahoo.com

Abstract: Investors who have sufficient knowledge and expertise in this field are classified. Organizations can choose the appropriate methods for optimum portfolio investor interested in working in the financial markets, especially the second group of investors (people lack information and knowledge) contribute. In this study mean - half of the variance model for the portfolio is used and optimal model using genetic algorithms. For this reason, companies are examined in population in several stages and eventually selected 70 companies as research samples and data are needed (efficiency and risk-quarter) collected for research. As well as to assess Half of the variance Mean- model Markowitz model for portfolio Mean- variance efficient frontier models are used and the results are compared with each other. The results show that the model in the form of portfolio risk Mean- Half of the More risk adverse Mean- variance model.

[Marzieh Shafih Naderi, Fazlolah Aboei, Marzieh Haghir Ebrahim Abadi. Genetic Algorithm of appropriate in the investment portfolio. N Y Sci J 2019;12(5):70-75]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 13. doi:10.7537/marsnys120519.13.

Key word: Mean- variance model, frontier models, Markowitz model, Markowitz model

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Scientific And Innovative Approach In The Field Of Physical Education And Sport Is A Requirement Of Time

Farkhod Turdiev

Doctor of philosophy (Ph.D.) in pedagogics, Associate professor

100114, Yunusabad district, avenue-18 (block of flats), house-39, flat 8, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

Address (U.S.) 21030 US Highway 19 N, Clearwater, Florida, 33765, USA

Telephone: +998 (71) 2128435; + 1 (407)-989-74-77(US)

E-mail: farkhod.turdiyev@mail.ru

Abstract: This article describes the reasons of the success of Uzbek athletes in prestigious competitions, including the World Championships and the Olympic Games. For further improvement of these achievements, the author emphasized the need to pay attention to the scientific and innovative approach to the training of highly qualified athletes and proposed some suggestions in this direction. The article also provides information on improving theoretical and practical knowledge in the field of sports in the United States, promoting Uzbek national sports, participating in prestigious international competitions, continuing research, as well as information about a number of young Uzbek specialists who are engaged in the exchange of experience in international relations.

[Farkhod Turdiev. Scientific And Innovative Approach In The Field Of Physical Education And Sport Is A Requirement Of Time. N Y Sci J 2019;12(5):76-93]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 14. doi:10.7537/marsnys120519.14.

Key words: the national team of Uzbekistan, the Olympic Games, the National Olympic Committee of Uzbekistan, Single Combat Turon, psychological preparation, young Turanians, freestyle wrestling, Greco-Roman wrestling, management, scientific

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