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Body Mass Index and Dietary Habits as Predictors of Cognitive Abilities of Preschool Children in Zagazig City, Egypt

Esraa Mohammed Abd EL Aziz, Amany Sobhy Sorour and Fatma Mohammed Ahmed

Department of Community Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Zagazig University, Egypt.

esraa.alhanbaly@yahoo.com

Abstract: Background: Preschool period is a crucial time for human growth and development especially the development of cognitive abilities. Nutrition is an important influencing factor of continuous growth and development that occur throughout the childhood period. BMI and dietary habits are the most useful tools for assessing the nutritional status of children. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess body mass index and dietary habits as predictors of cognitive abilities of preschool children in Zagazig city, Egypt. Subjects and methods: A cross-sectional descriptive design was used to conduct the current study where 100 child were selected by using a multistage cluster sample from three nursery schools in Zagazig city. Two tools were used to collect data they were; tool I: an interview questionnaire composed of three parts (Socio- demographic data, dietary habits questionnaire & body mass index chart), and tool II: general cognitive ability scale. Results: Concerning dietary habits, 65% of children had good dietary habits, while 81% of them took unbalanced diet. Considering BMI, 68% of children had normal BMI. Moreover, 57% of children had high cognitive abilities. Conclusion: Child's dietary habits and female sex had imposing effect on both child's cognitive abilities and BMI. Also, rural residence positively predict children's BMI. On the other hand, children's cognitive abilities inversely influenced by home crowding. Ultimately, it was proved that preschool children's BMI had no association with their cognitive abilities. Recommendations: Proceed school based nutrition education programs to edify preschool children about the recommended food groups, conduct educational programs for preschool children's parents to raise their awareness about children's healthy growth and development and healthy diets. Moreover, it is important to develop nursing interventions for promoting cognitive abilities of preschool children.

[Esraa Mohammed Abd EL Aziz, Amany Sobhy Sorour and Fatma Mohammed Ahmed. Body Mass Index and Dietary Habits as Predictors of Cognitive Abilities of Preschool Children in Zagazig City, Egypt. N Y Sci J 2018;11(11):1-11]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 1. doi:10.7537/marsnys111118.01.

Key words: Preschool children, body mass index, dietary habits, and cognitive abilities

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Prevalence of gastrointestinal nematodes of small ruminants in and around Ambo Town of West Shoa, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia

Gutu Terfassa¹, Lama Yimer¹, Chala mohammed¹ and Umer Seid²

¹Wollega University, School of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box: 395, Nekemte, Ethiopia

²Oda Bultum University, Collage of Agriculture, Department of Animal Science, Chiro

Omerseid76@gmail.com

Abstract: The gastrointestinal nematodes of small ruminants are one of the important parasitic diseases that obviously result in reduced productivity. A cross-sectional study was carried out from November 2015 to April 2016 to determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with gastrointestinal nematode infestation by faecal examination of 384 small ruminants selected from five different sites in and around Ambo town of central Oromia, Ethiopia. The overall infection rate was 49.2% (189). Among the samples 49.8% (135) from sheep and 47.8% (54) from goats were detected positive for gastrointestinal nematode parasites. The sex wise prevalence was 52.9 and 47.9% in male and female animals, respectively while 52.5 and 48.4% in young and adult animals were found positive, respectively. Body condition score infection rate was 73.6, 37 and 26% in poor, medium and good body conditions, respectively. Coprological investigation revealed that sheep and goats in the district were infested by a variety of helminth nematodes. Strongyles were the most frequently (39.3%) recovered nematode eggs followed by Nematodirus (2.9%) and Trichuris species (1.6%). Animals with poor body condition were significantly more infected (p < 0.05) than those in medium or good body condition. There was no significant difference (p > 0.05) in prevalence between sexes, age and different study sites of the subject area. Due to its important health problem and impact on production in the study area, emphasis should be given for the control and prevention of gastrointestinal nematode infection with further studies on species identification and larval ecology.

[Terfassa G, Yimer L, Mohammed C and Seid U. Prevalence of gastrointestinal nematodes of small ruminants in and around Ambo Town of West Shoa, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia. N Y Sci J 2018;11(11):12-19]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 2. doi:10.7537/marsnys111118.02.

Key words: Ambo, Ethiopia, Gastrointestinal Nematodes, Prevalence, sheep and goats

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Organic Wastes Utilization for Enhanced Biodegradability of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon in a Crude Oil Polluted Soil Environment

Leera Solomon¹, Ateseme Omokhomion² and Okorite George-West³

^{1 & 3}Department of Science Laboratory Technology, School of Science and Technology, Captain Elechi Amadi Polytechnic, Rumuola, P. M. B. 5936, Port Harcourt, Nigeria

²Department of Environmental Biotechnology and Bioconservation, National Biotechnology Development Agency, Federal Capital Territory (FCT), Abuja, Nigeria

sololeera@yahoo.com; ates4u@yahoo.com

Abstract: Designing sustainable and low-cost tools to restore crude oil-contaminated soil (COCS) is gaining global attention. This study was aimed at utilizing organic wastes products for enhanced biodegradability of total petroleum hydrocarbon in a crude oil polluted soil. A microcosm was set up in 3 containers, each having a surface area of 328cm² and a volume of 1651 cm³. COCS (300 g) were weighed into sets A−C. Sets A had 150 g of rabbit manure (RM) while B contained 150 g of Nypa fruticans ash (NFA) and Set C was not amended to serve as control. Monitoring was done for 5weeks. The baseline total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) was 6706.76280 ppm. The effects of amendments on the cumulative percentage of degradation indicated that TOC gave 44.8 % (RM) and 18.4 % (NFA). Nitrate gave 9.43% (RM) and 24.7 % (NFA). THB/HUB ratio was 2.1 % (RM) and 0.82% (NFA), while the THF/HUF recorded 1.82 % (RM) and 1.49 % for NFA. The phosphate in RM and NFA was 39 % and 42.3 % respectively. Moisture in RM and NFA were 51.8 % and 39.3%. This shows that TPH has been reduced in the amended treatments to a level where if bioremediation proceeds, it becomes economical. The TPH dropped from 6706.76280 to 2818.42039 ppm (RM) and to 4054.55278 ppm (NFA), representing 57.9 % and 39.6 % loss. The order of TPH biodegradability is given as A < B < C. Corynebacterium, Staphylococcus, Pseudomonas, Klebsiella, Bacillus Flavobacterium, Candida, Saccharomyces, Aspergillus, Penicillium, Mucor, Neurospora, and Rhizopus fungal genera isolated. There was a significant (p<0.05) TPH reduction after week 5, indicating TPH biodegradability and uptake.

[Solomon, L., Omokhomion, A. and George-West, O. Organic Wastes Utilization for Enhanced Biodegradability of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon in a Crude Oil Polluted Soil Environment. N Y Sci J 2018;11(11):20-30]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 3. doi:10.7537/marsnys111118.03.

Key words: Total petroleum hydrocarbon, low-cost tools, crude oil-contaminated soil, Yorla

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Bacterial Quality of Ground Water of Petrol Filling Stations in Port Harcourt Area of Rivers State, Nigeria

Uchenna Maryrose Obaji¹ and Lucky Obukowho Odokuma²

¹Department of Medical Biotechnology, Molecular Biotechnology Unit, National Biotechnological Development Agency, P. M. B. 5118, Wuse, FCT, Abuja, Nigeria

²Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Port Harcourt,

P.M.B. 5323, Port Harcourt, Nigeria

uchennaorji60@yahoo.com

Abstract: Ground water quality of petrol filling stations in Port Harcourt area of Rivers State was investigated. The study covered highly populated area (HPA), industrial area (INA), low populated area (LPA), poorly populated area (PPA) and rural area (RUA). Total coliform count (TCC) ranged from 11 to 17 MPN/100 ml (wet) for HPA and 9 to 12 MPN/100ml (dry). In LPA, TCC ranged from 7 to12 MPN/100 ml and 2 to 4 MPN/100 ml (wet and dry). The RA had TCC of 7 to 9 MPN/100ml (wet) and 2 to 6 MPN/100ml (dry). TCC in INA ranged from 12 to 14 MPN/100 ml (wet) and 11 to 14 MPN/100ml (dry). For PPA TCC were 6 to 4 MPN/100 ml (wet) and 2 to 4 MPN/100 ml (dry). Control had TCC of 6 to 4 MPN/100ml (wet) and 2 to 4 MPN/100 ml (dry). Total heterotrophic bacteria (THB) in INA were 1.3x10⁵ CFU/ml and 8.9 x 10⁴ CFU/ml (wet and dry). Coliforms were above WHO limit of 1 to 10 MPN/100 ml. THB in HPA was 2.0x 10⁵ CFU/ml (wet), 6.3x 10⁴ CFU/ml (dry) while PPA gave THB of 8.3x 10⁴ CFU/ml and 4.3x 10⁴ CFU/ml (wet and dry). In PPA and LPA, the THB were 4.3x 10⁴ CFU/ml and 4.9x 10⁴ CFU/ml (wet) while 8.3x 10⁴ CFU/ml and 8.1x 10⁴ CFU/ml obtained in the dry. The RUA had THB of 8.3x 10⁴ CFU/ml (wet), 4.4x 10⁴ CFU/ml (dry), control had THB of 8.2x 10⁴ CFU/ml (wet) and 3.7x 10⁴ CFU/ml (dry). Physicochemical indices were significant (p<0.05) in dry than in wet season. Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Citrobacter, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus were some of the bacterial genera isolated. It was concluded that industrialization and population density had negative impact on ground water quality of petrol filling stations in Port Harcourt Area of Rivers State.

[Obaji, U. M. and Odokuma, L. O. Bacterial Quality of Ground Water of Petrol Filling Stations in Port Harcourt Area of Rivers State, Nigeria. N Y Sci J 2018;11(11):31-37]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 4. doi:10.7537/marsnys111118.04.

Keywords: Ground water, filling stations, physichochemistry, Port Harcourt, hydrocarbons

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Processing Of Information Resources In Network Systems

Beknazarova Saida Safibullaevna¹, Ubaydullayev Xusan Ilomjanovich²

¹d.t.s Senior lecturer of "Audiovisual technologies" department of Tashkent University of Information Technologies

Saida.beknazarova@gmail.com, Ташкент, Узбекистан

²mag.of Tashkent University of Information Technologies

h.ubaydullayev@gmail.com, Ташкент, Узбекистан

Abstract: digital processing algorithm capable of converting images to improve their visual perception, ensuring their storage, transfer, visualization in electronic form and further analysis laid down in them.

[Beknazarova Saida Safibullaevna, Ubaydullayev Xusan Ilomjanovich. Processing Of Information Resources In Network Systems. N Y Sci J 2018;11(11):38-40]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 5. doi:10.7537/marsnys111118.05.

Keywords: control, the brightness of the image, polynomials

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Tax (Zakat) constitution of 1998 and 2005 and as a family inheritance law for Muslims in most Muslim countries

Behrooz Khaksari* ¹, Bahar Khaksari ² peiman latifi ³

^1.  Department of law Kermanshah branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran

Email: behrooz.nik@gmail.com

^2.  Department of law Kermanshah branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran

Email: bahar.nik2005@gmail.com

^3.  Department of law Islam Abad Gharb branch, Islamic Azad University, Islam Abad Gharb, Iran

Email: peyman.latifi@yahoo.com

Abstract: However, according to the actual implementation of the legal punishments, it was noted that the new legislation seems to be more interested in the effective use of limited impact as opposed to the King's supporters rally that characterized the 1983 tests. (Seyed Ahmad, 1997: 220). Although no accurate statistics on the number of stoning, crucifixion, flagellation and amputation compiled between 1989 and 2008 is not available, a summary of Human Rights of 1989 confirms the hypothesis Seyed Ahmad. By strengthening the legitimacy of the regime and drag the boundary line through which other political forces to implement or outside it. (Ahmad, 1997: 222), Islamic law that is well established in many Islamic bill seemingly regime's needs for Islamic symbolism has been achieved. Now Sudan has a legal system that is characterized by high pluralism. This is a common heritage that despite the peaks and valleys of twenty years of efforts clearly evident by two important aspects: Firstly specific rules of common rule is still valid and secondly the new rules dates back to legitimate sovereignty in the context of the organization and the law book. Basically, despite the Bashir's government efforts to isolate that, the Sudanese customary law is still of great importance in rural areas. It is estimated that up to 80 percent of all cases in Sudan have been judged according to the customary law.

[Behrooz Khaksari , Bahar Khaksari peiman latifi. Tax (Zakat) constitution of 1998 and 2005 and as a family inheritance law for Muslims in most Muslim countries. N Y Sci J 2018;11(11):41-44]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 6. doi:10.7537/marsnys111118.06.

Keywords: Zakat, family inheritance, law, Muslims, countries

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Volume of money influenced on the bubbles in Tehran Stock Exchange

Soghra dervishi¹, Hamid Reza Ranjbar Jamalabadi² (corresponding author), Seyedeh Arezoo Mozafari³

¹Department of Accounting, Islamic Azad University, Yazd, Iran.

²department of accounting, Yazd science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Yazd, Iran.

³Financial expert of University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.

mohsen8203934@yahoo.com

Abstract: The impact of monetary policies on the bubble in Tehran Stock Exchange as well as the behavior of investors from 2011 to 2015 was reviewed in this research. All the estimations of the predicted model were made in Eviews7. Furthermore, the estimation of model was performed with the regression of Ordinary Least Squares (OLS). Study results showed that the volume of money had a positive impact on the stock market bubble in Iran, whereas quasi money had negative impacts on it.

[Soghra dervishi, Hamid Reza Ranjbar Jamalabadi, Seyedeh Arezoo Mozafari. Volume of money influenced on the bubbles in Tehran Stock Exchange. N Y Sci J 2018;11(11):45-49]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 7. doi:10.7537/marsnys111118.07.

Keywords: Ordinary Least, bubble, OLS.

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Heavy Metals And Microbial Load Of Soil Contaminated With Calcium Carbide Waste From Panel-Beater’s Workshop In Five Communities In Delta State, Nigeria

Owhe-Urehge, B. (Ph.D)¹ & Tanimowo, W.O. ^2*

^*corresponding Author

¹Department of Microbiology, Delta State University, Abraka

e-mail: owheureghe@yahoo.com

²Department of Biological Sciences, Anchor University, Lagos

e-mail: wtanimowo@aul.edu.ng

Abstract: This study was carried out to investigate heavy metals and microbial load of soil contaminated with calcium carbide waste from panel-beater’s workshop in five communities in Delta State, Nigeria. The soil samples used for this study were collected from five calcium carbide waste dumpsite (contaminated) and five non calcium carbide waste dumpsite (non-contaminated). The contaminated soil samples were collected from panel beaters workshops in Eku, Ekpan-Effurun, Obiarukwu, Abraka and Japka-Effurun, while the non-contaminated soil samples were collected across the road in opposite directions from the contaminated sites along the same route, all in Delta State. The samples obtained were analysed for microbial load using standard pour plate techniques and heavy metal concentration using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The results obtained shows that the difference observed in the heavy metal contents between contaminated and non-contaminated soil samples in Eku, Ekpan-Effurun, Obiarukwu, Abraka and Jakpa- Effurun, was not significant (P > 0.05). A significant difference was however observed in the heavy metal contents for all the locations put together (P<0.05). it also shows that, the difference in microbial count between contaminated and non-contaminated samples was not significant for Eku, Ekpan-Effurun, Obiarukwu, and Jakpa-Effurun (P > 0.05), but was significant between contaminated and non-contaminated samples in Abraka (P < 0.05). Calcium carbide contaminated soil had higher microbial load and higher heavy metal concentration than non-contaminated soil. Therefore, building pit systems, where these calcium carbide waste will be collected and properly treated before releasing them into the soil, to eliminate the hazards of such contaminations is highly recommended.

[Owhe-Urehge, B. (Ph.D) & Tanimowo, W.O. Heavy Metals And Microbial Load Of Soil Contaminated With Calcium Carbide Waste From Panel-Beater’s Workshop In Five Communities In Delta State, Nigeria. N Y Sci J 2018;11(11):50-53]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 8. doi:10.7537/marsnys111118.08.

Keywords: Heavy Metal; Microbial Load; Soil Contaminated; Calcium Carbide; Waste; Panel-Beater’s Workshop; Delta State; Nigeria

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Yield and Berries Quality of Superior Grapevines As affected by Application of Silicon and Vitamins B

Ali H. Ali¹ and Taha M.M. Mohamed²

¹Hort. Dept. Fac. of Agric., Minia Univ., Egypt

²General Organization for the Control of Exports and Imports, Cairo Air Port

Abstract: Yield and both physical and chemical characteristics of Superior grapes in response to single and combined applications of single and combined applications of potassium silicate at 0.05 to 0.2 % and vitamins B at 25 to 100 ppm were investigated during 2016 and 2017 seasons. Using potassium silicate at 0.05 to 0.2 % and/or vitamins B at 25 to 100 ppm was very effective in improving yield and quality of the berries relative to the control. Using potassium silicate was superior than using vitamins B in this respect. Combined applications were favourable than using each material alone in this connection. Carrying out three sprays at growth start, just after berry setting and 21 days later with a mixture of potassium silicate at 0.1 % and vitamins B (B₁+ B₂+B₆+B₁₂) at 50 ppm was suggested to be beneficial for promoting yield and berries quality of Superior grapevines.

[Ali H. Ali and Taha M.M. Mohamed. Yield and Berries Quality of Superior Grapevines As affected by Application of Silicon and Vitamins B. N Y Sci J 2018;11(11):54-57]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 9. doi:10.7537/marsnys111118.09.

Keywords: Silicon, vitamins B, Superior grapevines, yield, berries quality

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Response of Superior Grapevines to Foliar Application of Some Micronutrients in Lignosulfonate Form As Well As Humic Acid and Em

Farouk A. Abd El-Aziz¹, Hussein H.M. Saied² and Abdallah G.H. Metwally³

¹Hort. Dept. Fac. of Agric. Minia Univ., Egypt

²Hort. Dept. Fac. of Agric. Aswan Univ., Egypt

³Middle Egypt Flour Mills Company, Minia, Egypt

Abstract: This study was carried out during 2016 and 2017 seasons to examine the effect of spraying Superior grapevines three times with Mn, Zn and Fe in lingosulfonate form each at 0.05 % as well as humic acid and EM each at 50 ml/vine/year either alone or in combinations on growth, vine nutritional status, yield and berries quality. All growth aspects, leaf chemical components, berry setting %, yield, cluster traits and quality of the berries were remarkably improved in response to treating the vines singly or in combinations with Mn, Zn and Fe applied via lignosulfonate at 0.05 % relative to the control. Using all materials together gave the best results. The best results with regard to yield and berries quality of Superior grapevines were obtained due to treating the vines three times with Mn, Zn and Fe in lignosulfonate form at 0.05 % plus humic acid and EM each at 50 ml/vine/year.

[Farouk A. Abd El-Aziz, Hussein H.M. Saied and Abdallah G.H. Metwally. Response of Superior Grapevines to Foliar Application of Some Micronutrients in Lignosulfonate Form As Well As Humic Acid and Em. N Y Sci J 2018;11(11):58-65]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 10. doi:10.7537/marsnys111118.10.

Keywords: Superior grapevines, Mn, Zn, Fe, lignosulfonate form, humic acid, EM, growth, yield, berries quality

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Life Cycle Assessment of the Enbuil-Tridipanel Building System in Egypt

Abdelrahman A. Abd Elmonem¹; Ayman Mosallam²; Mohamed El Mikawi³; Mona M. Abd Elwahab⁴

¹ Teaching Assistant at Mansoura High Institute for Engineering and Technology, Egypt.

² Professor, Civil & Environmental Engineering Department, University of California, Ir-vine (UCI)

³Associate Professor, Structural Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Ain Shams University, Egypt

⁴ Associate Professor, Structural Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Ain Shams University, Egypt

Abdelrahman.ameen@hpd.com.eg; mosallam@uci.edu; m.elmikawi@eng.asu.edu.eg; mo.mostafa@eng.asu.edu.eg

Abstract: Life cycle assessment has become an important tool for determining the environmental impacts of materials and products. Egypt recently began showing great attention to this topic by the Ministry of Housing and the National Center for Housing and Building Research. This is maifisted in the establishment of the National Council for Housing Green Architecture for the purpose of the development of policies that lead to the dissemination and application of the idea sustaniblity and of green architecture. Recently, manufacturers have developed a new technique called 3D panel system (Enubil panel system) for low rise building up to three stories heigh. This technique replaces the use of conventional reinforced concrete low rise structures. However, this new structural technique is not used in Egypt as there isn’t a definite environmental assessment criteria. Therefore, this paper emphasizes the add value of using this new structural system. It compares its environmental impacts with that of the traditional reinforced concrete system (materials/methods). The software ATHENA Impact Estimatoris was used in this research to compute the environmental impacts for the two systems. The results related to the environmental impacts conclude that the EPS system is 30% lower than the traditional system. Also with using premevira software, the results conclude that the EPS system has lower cost and time impacts with 25% and 45% respectively than the traditional system.

[Abdelrahman A. Abd Elmonem; Ayman Mosallam; Mohamed El Mikawi; Mona M. Abd Elwahab. Life Cycle Assessment of the Enbuil-Tridipanel Building System in Egypt. N Y Sci J 2018;11(11):66-73]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 11. doi:10.7537/marsnys111118.11.

Keywords: Life cycle, Egyptian market, Environmental impacts, EPS system

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Growth and Vine Nutrients of Status of Superior Grapevines As Affected By Application of Silicon and Vitamin B

Ali H. Ali¹ and Taha M.M. Mohamed²

¹Hort. Dept. Fac. of Agric., Minia Univ., Egypt

²General Organization for the control of Exports and Imports, Cairo Air Port

Abstract: During 2016 and 2017 seasons Superior grapevines were subjected to three sprays of potassium silicate at 0.05 to 0.2 % and/or vitamins B (B₁+ B₂+B₆+B₁₂) at 25 to 100 ppm. The merit was examining the effect of these treatments on main shoot length, number of leaves/shoot, leaf area, wood ripening coefficient, cane thickness and pruning wood weight, photosynthetic pigments, leaf content of N, P, K, Mg, Ca, Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu. Single and combined applications of potassium silicate at 0.05 to 0.2 % and vitamin B at 25 to 100 ppm were responsible for stimulating all growth aspects and all chemical components except Cu over the control. The promotion on these growth and chemical parameters was associated with increasing concentrations of each material without material promotion among the higher two concentrations. Using potassium silicate was superior than using vitamins B in this respect. Combined applications were favourable than using each material alone in this connection. Carrying out three sprays at growth start, just after berry setting and 21 days later with a mixture of potassium silicate at 0.1 % and vitamins B (B₁+ B₂+B₆+B₁₂) at 50 ppm was suggested to be beneficial for producing vigour Superior grapevines.

[Ali H. Ali and Taha M.M. Mohamed. Growth and Vine Nutrients of Status of Superior Grapevines As Affected By Application of Silicon and Vitamin B. N Y Sci J 2018;11(11):74-79]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 12. doi:10.7537/marsnys111118.12.

Keywords: Silicon, vitamins B, Superior grapevines, growth, leaf chemical components

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Organic Wastes Utilization for Enhanced Biodegradability of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon in a Crude Oil Polluted Soil Environment

Leera Solomon¹, Ateseme Omokhomion² and Okorite George-West³

^{1 & 3}Department of Science Laboratory Technology, School of Science and Technology, Captain Elechi Amadi Polytechnic, Rumuola, P. M. B. 5936, Port Harcourt, Nigeria

²Department of Environmental Biotechnology and Bioconservation, National Biotechnology Development Agency, Federal Capital Territory (FCT), Abuja, Nigeria

sololeera@yahoo.com; ates4u@yahoo.com

Abstract: Designing sustainable and low-cost tools to restore crude oil-contaminated soil (COCS) is gaining global attention. This study was aimed at utilizing organic wastes products for enhanced biodegradability of total petroleum hydrocarbon in a crude oil polluted soil. A microcosm was set up in 3 containers, each having a surface area of 328cm² and a volume of 1651 cm³. COCS (300 g) were weighed into sets A−C. Sets A had 150 g of rabbit manure (RM) while B contained 150 g of Nypa fruticans ash (NFA) and Set C was not amended to serve as control. Monitoring was done for 5weeks. The baseline total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) was 6706.76280 ppm. The effects of amendments on the cumulative percentage of degradation indicated that TOC gave 44.8 % (RM) and 18.4% (NFA). Nitrate gave 9.43% (RM) and 24.7% (NFA). THB/HUB ratio was 2.1% (RM) and 0.82% (NFA), while the THF/HUF recorded 1.82 % (RM) and 1.49 % for NFA. The phosphate in RM and NFA was 39 % and 42.3 % respectively. Moisture in RM and NFA were 51.8 % and 39.3%. This shows that TPH has been reduced in the amended treatments to a level where if bioremediation proceeds, it becomes economical. The TPH dropped from 6706.76280 to 2818.42039 ppm (RM) and to 4054.55278 ppm (NFA), representing 57.9% and 39.6% loss. The order of TPH biodegradability is given as A < B < C. Corynebacterium, Staphylococcus, Pseudomonas, Klebsiella, Bacillus Flavobacterium, Candida, Saccharomyces, Aspergillus, Penicillium, Mucor, Neurospora, and Rhizopus fungal genera isolated. There was a significant (p<0.05) TPH reduction after week 5, indicating TPH biodegradability and uptake.

[Solomon, L., Omokhomion, A. and George-West, O. Organic Wastes Utilization for Enhanced Biodegradability of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon in a Crude Oil Polluted Soil Environment. N Y Sci J 2018;11(11):80-90]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 13. doi:10.7537/marsnys111118.13.

Key words: Total petroleum hydrocarbon, low-cost tools, crude oil-contaminated soil, Yorla

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