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Assessment of Serum Concentration of Growth Arrest Specific Protein 6 (GAS6) and The Soluble Form of Its Tyrosine Kinase Receptors (sAXL) in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Thanaa Farag Mansour¹, Mousa Mohamed El- Naggar¹, Mahmoud Farouk Selim¹ and Said Mohammed Hammad Abdou²

¹ Department of Internal Medicine, Tanta University Faculty of Medicine, Tanta, Egypt

² Department of Clinical Pathology, Tanta University Faculty of Medicine, Tanta, Egypt

Abstract: Background: Generally it is known that systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disorder known by over production of different autoantibodies and immune complex development. SLE is affecting many systems, connective-tissue disorder with a broad range of clinical presentations. Therapeutic decisions in SLE are depend on the disease action and nature of organ involved. There are different clinical and laboratory approaches to evaluate the lupus flares. Aim of the work: The aim of the present study is to assess serum concentration of growth arrest specific protein 6 (GAS 6) and the soluble form of its tyrosine kinase receptors (sAXL) in SLE patients and whether these biomarkers are enough for assessment of SLE disease activity. Patients and methods: This prospective study was performed on 25 SLE patients with active disease, 25 SLE patients with inactive disease and other 25 healthy individuals were included as control. The active SLE patients were subdivided into active SLE patients with nephritis and without nephritis. All candidates were subjected to thorough full history taking, complete clinical examination, and laboratory investigations including complement (C3, C4), antinuclear antibody (ANA), anti – double stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA), GAS 6, sAXL and systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index (SLEDAI) were estimated. The means of serological measurements were then interrelated with SLEDAI score. Result: Detailed analysis of the results revealed serum level of GAS 6 and sAXL were elevated significantly in individuals with activity as matched with those without activity and normal ones. Also, The serum level of GAS 6 and sAXL were significantly higher in patients with lupus nephritis. Also, significant positive correlation was founded between both GAS 6 and sAXL with SLEDAI score. Moreover, a negative correlation was observed with C3and C4 levels in our patients. Also, We found that the sensitivity of proportions of GAS6 was 84% and 80% specificity while those of sAXL was 88% sensitivity and 94 % specificity in active patients. So, sAXL is more sensitive than GAS6 in predicting lupus flares. More ever, their values for prediction of lupus nephritis were 86.7% sensitivity and 97.1 % specificity of GAS6 and 80% sensitivity and 91.4 % specificity of sAXL. So, GAS6 is more sensitive than sAXL in predicting lupus nephritis. Conclusion: Comparative analysis of serum level of GAS 6 and sAXL in SLE patients revealed a significant association with SLE activity and with active nephritis. Therefore, estimation of serum GAS 6 and sAXL could be an important tool for assessment of SLE activity and prediction of lupus nephritis.

[Thanaa Farag Mansour, Mousa Mohamed El- Naggar, Mahmoud Farouk Selimand Said Mohammed Hammad Abdou. Assessment of Serum Concentration of Growth Arrest Specific Protein 6 (GAS6) and The Soluble Form of Its Tyrosine Kinase Receptors ( sAXL ) in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Nat Sci 2019;17(4):1-13]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 1. doi:10.7537/marsnsj170419.01.

Keywords: Growth arrest specific protein 6 (GAS 6), Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), tyrosine kinase receptors.

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Pharmacological study on the effect of sildenafil on the vascular reactivity and renal function in streptozotocin-induced diabetes in male albino rats

El-Sayed El-Agamy El-Sayed Mohammed, Ali Abdel-Salam Ahmed Atia, Hassan Helaly A.A. Abu Rahma

Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine- Al-Azhar University (Assiut Branch), Egypt

sayedota@yahoo.com

Abstract: Diabetes is a serious metabolic disorder with micro and macrovascular complications that results in significant morbidity and mortality. The present study aimed to assess the possible protective role of sildenafil in the DM induced vascular and biochemical changes by investigating the effects of sildenafil on the isolated rat aorta reactivity and the biochemical changes induced by STZ experimentally induced diabetes mellitus in rats. After 6 weeks of treatment, blood samples were withdrawn for measurement of fasting blood glucose level, HbA1c, serum insulin level, blood urea, serum creatinine and the vascular reactivity of rat’s aortae to the vasoconstrictive agent (norepinehrine) and the vasodilator agent (acetylcholine) was measured. The results showed that thr treatment with sildenafil significantly improved the acetylcholine – induced vasodilatation and attenuate the noradrenaline-induced contraction of the isolated rat aorta in the diabetic rats as compared to diabetic untreated rats. Urea and creatinine levels were decreased significantly in the sildenafil treated diabetic rats as compared with those of the diabetic untreated rats. However treatment of the diabetic rats with sildenafil did not produce significant effect on blood glucose or serum insulin as compared with the diabetic untreated rats. In conclusion sildenafil improves the disturbed renal functions and vascular reactivity in the diabetic rats.

[El-Sayed El-Agamy El-Sayed Mohammed, Ali Abdel-Salam Ahmed Atia, Hassan Helaly A.A. Abu Rahma. Pharmacological study on the effect of sildenafil on the vascular reactivity and renal function in streptozotocin-induced diabetes in male albino rats. Nat Sci 2019;17(4):14-27]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 2. doi:10.7537/marsnsj170419.02.

Keywords: Pharmacological; study; effect; sildenafil; vascular; reactivity; renal function; streptozotocin-induced diabetes; male albino rat

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Renal Protection during Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy

Rehab Abd El fattah Mohamed Helal, Lobna Mohamed Abo El nasr, Sabry Mohamed Amen and Mohamad Glal Ayaad

Anesthesiology and Surgical Intensive Care Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Egypt.

rehabhelal2@gmail.com

Abstract: Background: Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy (LSG) is an effective and widespread treatment for obesity. Increased intraabdominal pressure accompanied with hypovolemia decreases blood flow to vital organs such as the kidney, so using liberal fluid therapy or a low dose of dopamine infusion is recommended. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate different methods for renal protection during laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy. Patients and Methods: This single-blind RCT was carried out on 90 patients, both sex, 20-40y, BMI ≥35 kg/m2 scheduled for elective LSG who were allocated into 3 equal groups and received after induction of anesthesia: Group I: 10ml/kg normal saline up to 1000ml before pneumoperitoneum, Group II: 10ml/kgHES 130/0.4 (voluven) up to 1000 ml before pneumoperitoneum and Group III: dopamine 2µg/kg/min till the end of surgery. Hemodynamics (HR, MAP & CVP): before and after induction then /15 min till the end of operation, urine output (intraoperative, 1st 24h & 2nd 24hr postoperative), serum blood urea & creatinine: before, 6 & 24 postoperative, & creatinine clearance before, 6, 24 & 48h postoperative. Results: There was a significant increase in HR & decrease in MAP & CVP in group I and group III compared to group II at all times of measurement but insignificant between group I and III. UOP was significant decrease in Group I & III compared to Group II intraoperative but insignificant postoperatively. Blood urea, serum creatinine & creatinine clearance level showed significant difference preoperatively and 6hr postoperatively between three groups. At 24h and 48h postoperative, there was significant increase in crystalloid and dopamine group compared to colloid group (remain within normal value) but insignificant between crystalloid and dopamine group. Conclusion: Prehydration with voluven was an effective measure for protecting renal function during LSG against the adverse effects of pneumoperitoneum compared to dopamine and crystalloid.

[Rehab Abd El fattah Mohamed Helal, Lobna Mohamed Abo El nasr, Sabry Mohamed Amen and Mohamad Glal Ayaad. Renal Protection during Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy. Nat Sci 2019;17(4):28-33]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 3. doi:10.7537/marsnsj170419.03.

Keywords: Renal Protection - Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy - Crystalloid - Colloid - Dopamine

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Comparative Study Between Preemptive Analgesia of Thoracic Epidural Block, Ultra-Sound Guided Modified Pectoralis Block and Serratus Plane block for Breast Surgery

Dina Ahmed Ali El Malla, Abd El Raheem Mostafa Dowidar, Hoda Alsaid Ezz and Rehab Said El Kalla

Anesthesiology, Surgical Intensive Care and Pain Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Egypt.

dina.elmalla@med.tanta.edu.eg

Abstract: Background: Breast Cancer is the most common cancer affects women, causing acute pain which usually progresses to chronic pain. Thoracic epidural block has been used to provide analgesia, but modified pectoralis block and serratus plane block can produce efficient analgesia without the potential risks of neuraxial block. Aim: The aim was to compare the preemptive analgesia of thoracic epidural block, ultra-sound guided modified pectoralis block and serratus plane block for women undergoing breast surgery. Patients and Methods: This randomized controlled study included 90 female aged 20 - 65 y, ASA I & II scheduled for elective breast surgery. Patients were allocated into 3 equal groups: Group I (thoracic epidural) 7 ml bupivacaine 0.25%, Group II (modified pectoralis) 10 ml bupivacaine for (pecs I) and 20 ml bupivacaine 0.25% for (pecs II) and Group III (serratus anterior plane) 40 ml bupivacaine 0.25%. The blocks were performed before induction of anesthesia. Results: HR revealed insignificant changes at base line, after block and after induction, but significant decrease group I compared to the other groups and in group III compared to group II at other times. While MAP showed no statistically significant difference. VAS at rest and during cough revealed no significant changes at 1 hr then decreased significantly in group I & III compared to group II from 3-24 hours post-operatively. Duration of analgesia was significantly prolonged & rescue analgesia was statistically significant smaller in group III compared to group I & II. Intraoperative fentanyl consumption showed no significant difference among three groups. Conclusion: Serratus anterior plane block provided better analgesia as indicated by longer duration of analgesia and lower doses of post-operative morphine consumption compared to thoracic epidural block and modified pectoralis block.

[Dina Ahmed Ali El Malla, Abd El Raheem Mostafa Dowidar, Hoda Alsaid Ezzand Rehab Said El Kall. Comparative Study Between Preemptive Analgesia of Thoracic Epidural Block, Ultra-Sound Guided Modified Pectoralis Block and Serratus Plane block for Breast Surgery. Nat Sci 2019;17(4):34-42]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 4. doi:10.7537/marsnsj170419.04.

Keywords: Thoracic Epidural Block - Modified Pectoralis Block - Serratus Plane block - Breast Surgery

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Behavior of Hybrid Systems of Earth Retaining Structures

Walaa A. Eldiasty, Ayman I. Altahrany and Mahmoud M. Elmeligy

Faculty of Engineering, Mansoura University, Egypt

walaa.eldiasty@hotmail.com; atahrany@hotmail.com; eggroup_egypt@yahoo.com

Abstract: Hybrid earth retaining structures are the best solution for solving traffic crowded problems in side hill situations where the sides of the both upper and lower roadways can be widen at the same time. In hybrid systems, two different systems of earth retaining structures are used included cut wall system and fill wall system. Although the benefit of hybrid systems in solving traffic congestion problems, there aren’t more studies at the recent time discussing the behavior and design of such hybrid systems. In addition to, the previous studies are only deal with one type of hybrid systems called hybrid MSE/soil nailing wall and no other hybrid configurations are used. The goal of this paper is to study the behavior of hybrid systems of earth retaining structures included various types of hybrid systems. It could be included from this study that there are other hybrid systems that produce more global factor of safety and less wall deformations than the most common hybrid system MSE/soil nailing wall such as cantilever/anchored sheet pile hybrid wall and MSE/anchored sheet pile hybrid wall.

[Walaa A. Eldiasty, Ayman I. Altahrany and Mahmoud M. Elmeligy. Behavior of Hybrid Systems of Earth Retaining Structures. Nat Sci 2019;17(4):43-48]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 5. doi:10.7537/marsnsj170419.05.

Keywords: Earth-retaining structures, Hybrid earth retaining systems, MSE/Soil Nailing hybrid wall, MSE/Anchored sheet pile hybrid wall, Cantilever/Soil Nailing hybrid wall, Cantilever/Anchored sheet pile hybrid wall, PlAXIS FE modeling

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Relationship between Helicobacter pylori infection and severe pre-eclamp sia complicated by intrauterine growth restriction.

Prof. Farid Ibrahim Hassan¹, Dr. Wael Soliman Taha¹ and Mohammed Taha Abou Elyzied Abou Tahoun²

¹Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Egypt.

²MBBCh, Obstetric and Gynecology Department, Almataryia Teaching Hospital, Cairo, Egypt.

mohamedtahon1989@gmail.com

Abstract: Background: Preeclampsia (PE) is a severe hypertensive pregnancy-related disorder that affects 5–8% of women worldwide thus representing the main cause of fetomaternal mortality and morbidity; it is often associated with fetal growth restriction (IUGR), which is defined as failure of the fetus to achieve its genetically determined growth potential. Subjects and methods: This is a prospective study for 100 pregnant women divided into two groups: 50 pregnant women with a diagnosis of sever PE with IUGR (patient) and 50 women with uneventful pregnancies (control) maternal stool samples were collected from all patients between 33 and 39 weeks of gestation and HPSA was measured using monoclonal antibody test, which is an immunochromatographic assay that uses antibody-coated colloidal gold. Results: A significantly higher percentage of women who were positive for HPSA were found among sever PE cases complicated by IUGR (72%) compared with uneventful pregnancies (34%) (P < 0.001). Conclusion: HPSA has a direct role in the etiopathogenesis of PE complicated by IUGR.

[Farid Ibrahim Hassan, Wael Soliman Taha and Mohammed Taha Abou Elyzied Abou Tahoun. Relationship between Helicobacter pylori infection and severe pre-eclamp sia complicated by intrauterine growth restriction. Nat Sci 2019;17(4):49-54]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 6. doi:10.7537/marsnsj170419.06.

Key words: Helicobacter pylori stool antigen, pre-eclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction.

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[Nat Sci 2019;17(4):55-59]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 7. doi:10.7537/marsnsj170419.07.

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Development and Manufacturing of helical trajectory hole by electrical discharge machining using tiped electrode

M. Raafat¹, S. Habib², Sayed. A. Abdallah², S.S. Mohamed²

¹Modern Academy for engineering and Tech., Cairo, Egypt.

² Shoubra Faculty of Engineering, Benha University, Cairo, Egypt

Abstract: The technical problem which this paper proposes to solve is the manufacturing of long helical trajectory hole using electric discharge machine E.D.M. recently, helical trajectory holes are used in wide range of applications. It is possible to be drilled by conventional methods or conventional machines. This present investigation, shows how to manufacture helical trajectory hole. Also solves the problem of full electrode wear and un uniformity of hole diameter due to the electrode wear. This investigation discusses a new non-traditional method applied for drilling deep hole with helical trajectory by electrical discharge machining process (EDM) using a tipped electrode. A new suggested mechanism was carried out to perform a helical deep hole in a work piece. A helical electrode attached to designed mechanism is used in this work. Both the pitch of the helical electrode and the helical groove are equal. A guide pin is fixed to the rotary shaft of the EDM machine which will guide the helical electrode to produce a helical hole. Also, electrode wear was studied in this work.

[M. Raafat, S. Habib, Sayed. A. Abdallah, S.S. Mohame. Development and Manufacturing of helical trajectory hole by electrical discharge machining using tiped electrode. Nat Sci 2019;17(4):60-66]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 8. doi:10.7537/marsnsj170419.08.

Keywords: Electrical discharge machining (EDM), helical hole, tipped helical electrode. Electrode tip wear.

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Study of the effect of treatment with the renin-angiotensin system inhibitors enalapril & losartan and the lipid lowering drug atorvastatin and their interactions in diabetic rats

Prof. Dr. Hassan Helaly Ali Ahmed Abu Rahma, Dr. Ali Abdel Salam Ahmed Attia and Ahmed Abdrabo El Sisi

Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University (Assiut Branched), Egypt

Zezo20082001@yahoo.com

Abstract: Diabetes is a serious metabolic disorder with micro and macrovascular complications that results in significant morbidity and mortality. The incidence of cardiovascular diseases in diabetic patients has increased up to 3 folds and is a leading cause of death worldwide. Diabetic nephropathy is a significant cause of chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal failure globally hyperglycemia induces endothelial dysfunction through the generation of oxidative stress which has been suggested to be the key player in the generation of renal and cardiovascular complications. In this study we invetigated the effects of losartan, enalapril and atorvastatin on the vascular and the biochemical changes induced by diabetes mellitus in rats. Adultmale albino rats were used in this study and divided into eleven groups (10 rats each). Group 1: Normal untreated non diabetic rats received saline, Group 2: Diabetic rats treated with distelled water, Group 3: Diabetic rats treated with glimepride, Group 4: Diabetic rats treated with losartan, Group 5: Diabetic rats treated with enalapril. Group 6: Diabetic rats treated with atorvastatin. After 8 weeks of treatment, blood samples are withdrawn for measurement of (fasting blood glucose level, serum insulin level, lipid profile, blood urea, serum creatinine and antioxidant parameters) and the vascular reactivity of rats aortae to the vasoconstrictive drugs (such as norepinehrine) and the vasodilator drugs (such as acetylcholine) was measured. The benificial effects of RAS inhibitors and atorvastatin can be explained by its antihypertensive, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. While the hypoglycaemic effect of losartan is due to an increase in non-oxidative glucose metabolism and blood flow in insulin-resistant hypertensive patients, improves β-cell function and glucose tolerance in young type 2 diabetic and improve insulin sensitivity to reduce elevations in fasting and fed glucose concentrations.

[Hassan Helaly Ali Ahmed Abu Rahma, Ali Abdel Salam Ahmed Attia and Ahmed Abdrabo El Sisi. Study of the effect of treatment with the renin-angiotensin system inhibitors enalapril & losartan and the lipid lowering drug atorvastatin and their interactions in diabetic rats. Nat Sci 2019;17(4):67-94]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 9. doi:10.7537/marsnsj170419.09.

Keywords: Study; effect; treatment; renin-angiotensin; system; inhibitor; enalapril; losartan; lipid; lowering drug atorvastatin; interaction; diabetic; rat

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Pet birds, their role in the transmission of some bacterial pathogens.

Samah Eid¹ and Amal S. El Oksh²

¹ Bacteriology Department, RLQP, AHRI, Dokki, Egypt

² Bacteriology Department, RLQP, AHRI, Sharkia Branch, Egypt

saidamal19@yahoo.com

Abstract: Housing “pet birds” has recently become one of the popular hobbies among Egyptian families. Pet birds represent potential reservoirs of several bacterial pathogens of zoonotic significance. Thus, the present study aimed to survey the main popular pet birds’ shops in Zagazig city, Sharkia, Egypt for Listeria spp, Staphylococci spp, E.coli, and Salmonella spp. A total of eighty five samples (50 birds, 15 feed samples, 15 litter samples and 5 water samples) were examined, the results revealed that E.coli was the most prevalent bacterial species with a prevalence rate of 36/70 (51.4%) from the examined 50 birds, 15 feed and 5 water samples, followed by Coagulase Positive Staphylococci (CPS) and Coagulase Negative Staphylococci (CNS) with prevalence rates of  12/50 (24%), and  6/50 (12%), respectively from the examined 50 bird samples , Salmonella spp with a prevalence rate of  8/85 (9.4%) from the examined 50 birds, 15 feed,15 litter, and 5 water samples  while the least recorded prevalence rate was for Listeria spp, 2/85 (2.4%) from the examined 50 birds, 15 feed, 15 litter, and 5 water samples. Studying the antimicrobial resistance profiles of isolates against 7 antimicrobial agents revealed that 30/36 (83%) of E.coli isolates, 7/8(87.5%) salmonella isolates, 7/18 (38.9%) of staphylococci isolates, and 2/2(100%) of listeria isolates demonstrated multidrug resistance patterns against 4 antimicrobial groups. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was also applied to investigate the presence of virulence and antimicrobial resistance genes. The alarming findings highlighted the importance of monitoring pet birds’ facilities and raising public awareness for biosecurity practices to mitigate the imposed public health risk.

[Samah Eid and Amal S. El Oksh. Pet birds, their role in the transmission of some bacterial pathogens. Nat Sci 2019;17(4):95-106]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 10. doi:10.7537/marsnsj170419.10.

Keywords: Pet birds, Staphylococci spp., E.coli, Listeria spp., Salmonella spp., virulence genes, resistance genes.

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Carotid Media Thickness Measurement as a Marker of Premature Atherosclerosis in SLE Patients with and Without Nephritis

Fayza Ibrahim Fouad Lashin¹, Reda Abdel Samea Al Arabawy², Mohammed Hasan El Nagar¹, Amr Abdelaal Elsheikh¹

¹Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt

²Radiodiagnosis Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt

aseal2016amr@yahoo.com

Abstract: This study was performed to evaluate carotid media thickness measurement as a marker of premature atherosclerosis in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients with and without nephritis. This study involved 30 patients with SLE without nephritis (GI) (females 26 (86.7%) and males 4 (13.3%)) with mean age of 28.60 ± 588 years and with mean disease duration of (4.95±3.61) years. Also involved 30 patients with SLE with nephritis (GII) (females 25 (83.3%) and males 5 (16.7%) with mean age of 29.67 ± 6.16 years and with mean disease duration of 7.20 ± 3.53 years in addition to 30 healthy volunteers (GIII) (21 females and 9 males with mean age (28.53 ± 5.35 years) as control group. Patients are diagnosed as SLE according to the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria or Systemic lupus International Collaborating Clinics (SLICC) 2012 criteria. All patients were subjected to the following: Complete history taking, Full clinical examination, Laboratory investigation, Doppler examination of the extra-cranial portion of the carotid arteries to measure the intima-media thickness (IMT). The results showed the following: (1) There was significant difference between GI & GII (p1:0.048) regarding intima media thickness. (2) There was significant difference between GI & GIII (p2:0.005) regarding intima media thickness. (3) There was significant difference between GII & GIII (p3:0.001) regarding intima media thickness. (4) There was significant difference between GI & GII (P1:0.001) & GII & GIII (P3:0.001) regarding serum urea. (5) There was significant difference between GI & GII (P1:0.005) & GII & GIII (P3:0.006) regarding serum creatinine. (6) There was no significant difference between GI & GIII (P2:0.126) & (P2:0.962) regarding serum urea and creatinine respectively. (7) There was significant difference between GI & GII (P1:0.001) and between GII & GIII (P3:0.001) regarding both Albumin/Creatinine ratio and 24h protein. (8) There was no significant difference between GI & GIII (P2:0.540), (P2:0.763) regarding both Albumin/Creatinine ratio and 24h protein respectively. (9) There was significant difference between GI & GII (P1:0.032) and GI & GIII (P2:0.001) and GII & GIII (P3:0.001) regarding cholesterol. (10) There was significant difference between GI & GII (P1:0.001) and GI & GIII (P2:0.029) and GII & GIII (P3:0.001) regarding triglycerides. (11) There was significant difference between GI & GII (P1:0.001) and GI & GIII (P2:0.017) and GII & GIII (P3:0.001) regarding low density lipoproteins. (12) There was no significant difference between patient and control groups regarding fasting blood glucose and complete blood picture. (13) There was significant difference between GII and other studied groups (P: 0.001) regarding urinary albumin. Correlation between Intima media thickness (IMT) and clinical and laboratory data among GI showed positive correlation between cholesterol, triglycerides and IMT. Correlation between Intima media thickness (IMT) and clinical and laboratory data among GII showed positive correlation between age, cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, serum urea, serum creatinine, 24h protein and Albumin/Creatinine ratio and IMT.

[Fayza Ibrahim Fouad Lashin, Reda Abdel Samea Al Arabawy, Mohammed Hasan El Nagar, Amr Abdelaal Elsheik. Carotid Media Thickness Measurement as a Marker of Premature Atherosclerosis in SLE Patients with and Without Nephritis. Nat Sci 2019;17(4):107-120]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 11. doi:10.7537/marsnsj170419.11.

Keywords: Carotid; Media; Thickness; Measurement; Marker; Premature; Atherosclerosis; SLE Patient; Nephritis

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mpact of Roux-En-Y Gastric Bypass on Vitamin D and Iron Metabolism a Systematic Review Literature

Dr. Sameh Abdallah Maaty, Dr. Fawzy Salah Fawzy, Bahaa Eldin Shokry Goda

Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Egypt

dr.bahaa.shokry@icloud.com

Abstract: There has been a steady rise in the number of individuals who are morbidly obese. The divided RYGB is the most commonly performed bariatric surgical procedure in the world and is considered the gold standard. Physicians need to be aware of the important peri-operative complications that can occur after gastric bypass. In addition, gastrointestinal physicians are seeing patients who seek advice and care for symptoms that develop or persist after RYGB. Physicians should be able to predict and manage most postoperative medical and nutritional disorders related to RYGB and should be prepared to assess patients for potential referral for surgical intervention or revision.

[Sameh Abdallah Maaty, Fawzy Salah Fawzy, Bahaa Eldin Shokry Goda. Impact of Roux-En-Y Gastric Bypass on Vitamin D and Iron Metabolism a Systematic Review Literature. Nat Sci 2019;17(4):121-138]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 12. doi:10.7537/marsnsj170419.12.

Keywords: Roux-En-Y Gastric Bypass, Vitamin D and Iron Metabolism.

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Intra Caesarean Fixation of Frameless Copper IUD (GyneFix- CS 300)

Mohammed E. Azzam¹, Dirk Wildemeersch², Mohammed H. Mustafa¹, Eslam M. El-Kady¹

¹ Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University

² Reproductive Health Consultant Intrauterine Devices and Systems Gynecological Outpatient Clinic and IUD training Centre Drug Delivery Research Women's Health, Ghent University (Belgium)

Elkadyeslam008@gmail.com

Abstract: Background: Postpartum intrauterine device (PPIUCD) can promote the health of the women and children by preventing financial, psychological, obstetric, and other health-related complications associated with closely spaced pregnancies. Aim of the Work: to demonstrate the feasibility to anchor a contraceptive device (GyneFix CS 300) in the fundus of the uterus during Cesarean section and compare the expulsion rate between GyneFix CS 300 and copper T-380A. Patient and Methods: This study was conducted on 30 healthy women between the age of 20 and 35 years of age scheduled for elective Cesarean section, they were selected from patients attending Ain Shams University Maternity Hospital Cairo Egypt. They were compared with 30 women for whom copperT-380A was inserted at the uterine fundus during cesarean section. Results: The expulsion rate is statistically different between the two groups being less in GyneFix CS 300 [p=0.038]. Conclusion: The frameless anchored intrauterine IUD is effective in minimizing displacement and expulsion. The results of this study suggest that the Gyn-CS IUD is appropriate for wider intracesarean use.

[Mohammed E. Azzam, Dirk Wildemeersch, Mohammed H. Mustafa, Eslam M. El-Kad. Intra Caesarean Fixation of Frameless Copper IUD (GyneFix- CS 300). Nat Sci 2019;17(4):139-147]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 13. doi:10.7537/marsnsj170419.13.

Keywords: Intra Caesarean Fixation, Frameless Copper IUD (GyneFix- CS 300).

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Three-Dimensional Sonohysterography Compared With Vaginoscopic Hysteroscopy for Evaluation of the Uterine Cavity in Patients with Recurrent Implantation Failure in In Vitro Fertilization Cycles

Ahmed H. Eltagy¹, Yehia A. Wafa¹, Ahmed S. Amer¹, Emad. D. Elsayed²

¹Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, El-Azhar University, Egypt

²Riyadh Center for Fertility and Reproductive Health, Egypt

E-mail: emsh707@yahoo.com

Abstract: Study Objective: To estimate the degree of agreement between 3-dimensional sonohysterography (3D-SHG) and vaginoscopichysteroscopy (VH) in detection of uterine cavity abnormalities in patients with recurrent implantation failure inin vitro fertilization cycles. Design: Comparative observational cross-sectional study. Setting: Private assisted-conception unit. Patients: Seventy five patients with a history of at least 2 previous implantation failures despite transfer of good quality embryos in assisted-conception cycles. Interventions: 3D-SHG was followed by VH. The Cohen k for interrater agreement was calculated for the level of agreement between the 2 diagnostic procedures. Patients were asked to rate their degree of discomfort or pain during both procedures using a visual analog scale. Measurements and Main Results: There was a substantial degree of concordance between the visual analog scale pain scores also showed that 3D-SHG was better tolerated than VH. Conclusion: Our results show that there is a substantial degree of concordance between 3D-SHG and VH in diagnosing uterine cavity anomalies. We also found that 3D-SHG took significantly less time and induced less patient discomfort than didVH. We recommend that 3D-SHG should be the method of first choice for outpatient evaluation of the uterine cavity.

[Ahmed H. Eltagy, Yehia A. Wafa, Ahmed S. Amer, Emad. D. Elsaye. Three-Dimensional Sonohysterography Compared With Vaginoscopic Hysteroscopy for Evaluation of the Uterine Cavity in Patients with Recurrent Implantation Failure in In Vitro Fertilization Cycles. Nat Sci 2019;17(4):148-162]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 14. doi:10.7537/marsnsj170419.14.

Keywords: Three dimensional ultrasound, Sonohysterography, Vaginoscopic hysteroscopy, Recurrent implantation failure, in vitro fertilization.

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Influence of Successive Additions of Some Organic Conditioners and Mineral Fertilizers on Soil Chemical Properties and Wheat Yield In Sandy Soils

El-Farghal, W. M.¹; Wafaa M.T. El-Eter¹ and A. M. Morsy²

¹Soil, Water & Environment Research Institute, ARC, Giza, Egypt.

²Field Crops Research Institute, ARC, Giza, Egypt.

Email: youssiefwaleed@hotmail.com

Abstract: Two field trials were conducted in sandy soil of the farm at Ismailia agriculture Research Station during successive winter seasons (2011 / 2012 and 2012 / 2013) cultivated with wheat crop (Giza 168) under sprinkler irrigation system to study the influence of successive additions of some organic conditioners such as molasses, compost tea and their combinations in presence of NPK mineral fertilizers on soil properties and wheat yield components. The experiment was laid out in a split-plot design with four replications, the main plots rates of mineral fertilizers (50 and 100 % of the recommended NPK dose) whereas the sub main plots treatments included the molasses (2.5 and 5 ton fed.^-1) and compost tea (400 and 600 L fed.^-1) and their combinations. All organic conditioners were applied every 15 days until booting growth stage of wheat plants at two growth seasons. The obtained results indicated that, at both seasons, the successive addition of molasses and tea compost either alone or their combinations in presence of mineral fertilizers at 50 or 100% to the sandy soils led to a decrease in soil pH values, while increased soil EC values, organic matter content (OM), cation exchange capacity (CEC) and available contents of N, P and K as well as increased wheat yield parameters. Moreover, the application of molasses (M₂) 5.0 ton fed^-1 combined with compost tea (CT₂) 600 L fed^-1 at 100 % of NPK were high significant effect on the soil chemical properties as compared to other treatments and control. In addition, wheat yield components such as plant height, spike length, weight of 1000 grain and biological yield as well as protein content, P and K concentrations in wheat grain were significantly increased by addition of all organic conditioners either alone or associated with each other in the presence of NPK mineral fertilizers (50 and 100 % ). Moreover, the highest mean values of straw and grain yields were (4.70 ton fed^-1) and (13.83 rd. fed.^-1), respectively, when applied 100 % of NPK fertilizers associated with (M₂ + CT₂) as compared to control treatment. In general, these results suggest that the successive addition of molasses and compost tea either alone or mixed with each other in the presence of mineral fertilizers at 100% of recommended dose to the sandy soils had a positive impact on some soil properties and so on the wheat yield components.

[El-Farghal, W. M.; Wafaa M.T. El-Eter and A. M. Morsy. Influence of Successive Additions of Some Organic Conditioners and Mineral Fertilizers on Soil Chemical Properties and Wheat Yield In Sandy Soils. Nat Sci 2019;17(4):163-171]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 15. doi:10.7537/marsnsj170419.15.

Keywords: Molasses, Compost tea, Mineral Fertilizers, Soil Chemical Properties, Sandy soils, Wheat Yield

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