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Tear Function Parameters Before and After Corneal Collagen Crosslinking

Prof. Dr. Osama El Said Shalaby, Assist. Prof. Dr. Amr Mahmoud Awara, Dr. Molham Abd El Hafez El Bakary, and Heba Allah Abd El-Monsef Ibrahim Agha (M.B.B.CH)

Ophthalmology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Egypt
drheba59@yahoo.com

Abstract: Purpose: To evaluate tear function parameters before and after corneal collagen cross-linking. Methods: prospective interventional randomized uncontrolled longitudinal study included 40 eyes of 30 patients with average age 23.8±5 who were prepared for CXL. The patients were divided into 2 groups: Group 1 had CXL without removal of the epithelium. Group 2 with removal of the epithelium. each group was further subdivided into 2 subgroup accelerated and standard techniques. The tear film was evaluated by measuring lower tear meniscus height (TMH), break up time (BUT), schirmer test and staining with fluoresce in, rose bengal and lissmain green stains. Results: TMH in post operative 1st week visit showed slight difference between epi on and off. there was no significant difference between both techniques in both groups. A minimally significant difference in Schirmer test was noted in the 1stand week post operative between epi on and off techniques. no difference preoperative and in the other follow up visits. BUT values were nearly straight forward the whole way of the follow up. There was no staining pre or post operative. Conclusion: there is no significant changes in the tear function parameters after CXL.
[Osama El Said Shalaby, Amr Mahmoud Awara, Molham Abd El Hafez El Bakary, and Heba Allah Abd El-Monsef Ibrahim Agha. Tear Function Parameters Before and After Corneal Collagen Crosslinking. Nat Sci 2018;16(8):1-7]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 1. doi:10.7537/marsnsj160818.01.

Key Words: tear function parameters – corneal collagen crosslinking

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Management of Spontaneous CSF Rhinorrhea

Prof. Dr. Hamdy M. Behery, Prof. Dr. Mohammed M. Hassan, Dr. El Sayed R. Mahgoub, Mohammed E. Radhy

Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Egypt

Abstract: Background: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a clear watery nutrient-rich fluid that circulates around the brain and spinal cord. Cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea is the leakage of that fluid into nose. It is a symptom of failed containment of Cerebrospinal fluid in its subarachnoid space. Treatment of CSF rhinorrhea includes medical treatment and surgical. Aim of work: evaluate and compare the outcome of endonasal endoscopic versus transcranial in repair of anterior cranial fossa dural tear in Spontaneous CSF rhinorrhea. Material & Methods: This study was conducted on 20 patients. C.T cisternography using Omnipaque or metrizimide were done for all patients. Results: Nine from ten patients of endoscopic cases and eight from ten patients of transcranial were completely cured from the CSF leak. The success rate was (85 %) on the first trial and the only failed three cases had a revision closure with cessation of the leak with same minor complications after the repair three endoscopic and two transcranial. Three transcranial cases and one endoscopic case had major complications. Conclusion: CT with intra-thecal injection of Omnipaque or metrizimide is reliable for diagnosis and determinations of the site of the leak. Pre-operative intra-thecal injection of Fluorescein offer the advantage of clear exact identification of the site of the CSF leak. We concluded that the technique of trans-nasal endoscopic repair of CSF rhinorrhea offer the advantage of clear identification of the source of the leak and satisfactory closure with a low morbidity.
[Hamdy M. Behery, Mohammed M. Hassan, El Sayed R. Mahgoub, Mohammed E. Radhy. Management of Spontaneous CSF Rhinorrhea. Nat Sci 2018;16(8):8-15]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 2. doi:10.7537/marsnsj160818.02.

Keywords: Management; Spontaneous; CSF; Rhinorrhea

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An attempt for ameliorating the calcareous soil behaviour and its productivity

Azza. R Ahmed

Soils, Water and Environ. Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Canter, Giza, Egypt
Email: dr_azza_rashad@hotmail.com

Abstract: A split experiment with three replicates was conducted at the farm of Nubaria Agricultural Research Station (Calcareous loamy sand soil), in a two successive winter 2013/2014 & 2014/2015 and summer 2014 & 2015 seasons on wheat (Giza168 variety) and maize planting (single cross 162 hybrid) to study the role of some different organic conditioners, as rice straw (R.S), sawdust (S.D) and compost (Comp.) under three irrigation intervals days Ir1, 21 days Ir2 and 28 days Ir3) on improvement some physio-chemical soil properties, and crop productivity (wheat and maize plants) under calcareous soil conditions. The obtained results could be summarized as follows; applied of irrigation water each 21 days Ir2 with compost application treatments were increased dry stable structure units ≥ 2mm diameter. The highest mean values for dry stable structure units≥2 mm diameter 69.47% was remarked by interaction Ir2*Comp treatment. The superiority mean values of aggregate state and it's degree were (51% and 48.5%) obtained from the interaction of Ir2*comp treatment. The same treatment was ascertained a highest mean values for aggregation stability index with 0.7 value as an average of two years. On the other hand, the R.S treatment was markedly the highest mean value for hydraulic conductivity with the three irrigation intervals followed by S.D treatment as an average of the two years. All treatments either irrigation intervals or the different organic conditioners and their interactions, significantly increased the soil organic content than the initial one or control. Soil pH was slight decreased by the interaction of Ir2 * comp. treatment and after two winter and summer seasons. Both of R.S and Comp. with Ir2 were ascertained significantly increasing than the control in 1000 grain weight (g) and grain yield ton ha-1 of wheat crop during two winter seasons. On the contrary, the S.D treatment was recorded slightly significant increasing than the control in 1000 grain weight and the variation between the S.D and the control treatments in the grain yield was insignificantly at the first winter season. Concerning the maize crop the irrigation intervals treatments caused a significant decreasing from Ir1 to Ir3 in each of 100 grain weight (g), grain yield and dry matter (g). The mean values of relative increasing yield (R.I.Y) for both crops were achieved pronounced increasing from the first season to the second season due to applied all treatments and the superiority value was ascertained by treatment Ir2* Comp. From all above results, it is useful to use organic conditioners, as rice straw and sawdust in improvement the hydro-physical soil properties besides increasing the respond of grain yield for two crops from first to second years. Furthermore, the interaction of Ir2 *compost treatment was ascertained highest improving soil properties and get high productions for wheat and maize crop. It is clearly seen from the experiment that the application of composite is more useful in enhancing the tolerance of plant to drought. Moreover, addition of RS and SD gave good results for improving the physical and chemical characteristics as well as crop productivity under the condition of the experiment.
[Azza. R Ahmed. An attempt for ameliorating the calcareous soil behaviour and its productivity. Nat Sci 2018;16(8):16-25]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 3. doi:10.7537/marsnsj160818.03.

Keywords: Calcareous Loamysand soil, Rice straw, Sawdust, Compost, irrigation intervals, wheat and maize crops.

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Effect of Muscular Exercise and Antioxidants on Myokines in Male Albino Rats

Saad Kamal Taha, Mohamed Hassan Abdelsattar, and Khaled Saleh Elhamaky

Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Egypt
khaledsaleh8411@yahoo.com

Abstract: Background: The interactions between exercise and the immunological changes provide a unique opportunity to link basic and clinical physiology and to evaluate the role of underlying changes during exercise and immuno-physiological mechanisms. Objectives: To delineate the cytokine response to exercise training. In addition, it was designed to investigate the existence of any beneficial additive effects of chronic exercise training and antioxidants intake. Material and methods: In the present study, a total number of 40 healthy male albino rats were used. The animals were divided into four groups. Results: The results of this study showed that exercise caused significant elevation of the tumor necrosis factors (TNF), interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidants associated with significant decreased level of interleukin-10 (IL-10). Antioxidants supplementation caused significant decreased levels of TNF, IL-1, IL-6, MDA and total antioxidants associated with significant elevation of IL-10 when compared with control group. Exercise training and antioxidant supplementation caused significant elevation of TNF, IL-1, IL-6, MDA and total antioxidants associated with insignificant decreased level of IL-10 when compared with control group. Recommendations: To avoid any hazardous effect of exercise, antioxidant must be administered to exercised individuals. Also, further studies should be done to evaluate the effect of different modes, intensities and durations of exercise training on myokines.
[Saad Kamal Taha, Mohamed Hassan Abdelsattar, and Khaled Saleh Elhamaky. Effect of Muscular Exercise and Antioxidants on Myokines in Male Albino Rats. Nat Sci 2018;16(8):26-34]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 4. doi:10.7537/marsnsj160818.04.

Keywords: Exercise – Antioxidants – Myokines

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Ascorbic Acid Attenuates Imbalanced Redox Potential Associated With Cyclophosphamide Administration In Rats.

Adedosu, Olaniyi Temitope, Adeleke, Gbadebo Emmanuel٭, Olaoba, Olamide Tosin and Oyedeji, Abimbola S

Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, P.M.B 4000, Ogbomoso, Nigeria.
٭Corresponding author, E-Mail: geadeleke@lautech.edu.ng

Abstract: Oxidative stress is a major etiological factor in the development and progression of cancer as most chemotherapeutic agents also acts through increased production of free radicals resulting in imbalanced cellular redox potential and tissue toxicity. This study evaluated the effect of ascorbic acid in combination with cyclophosphamide in rats. Male Wistar rats weighing averagely 160g were randomly selected into four groups: Group A ( control, received 0.2ml normal saline), group B received 0.2ml of cyclophosphamide (4mg/kg body weight at 3 days interval for 21 days intraperitoneally ), group C received 0.2ml of ascorbic acid orally (100mg/kg body weight/day for 21 days ) and 0.2ml of cyclophosphamide at three days interval for 21 days while group D, received ascorbic acid orally for 21 days. Some biochemical and antioxidants indices were determined using standard methods. Results showed, that rats orally treated with ascorbic acid elicits significant (p<0.05) decreases in the levels of white blood cell (WBC), Cholesterol (CHO), Triglyceride (TRG), Urea, Creatinine and Malondialdehyde (MDA) with Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and Gamma glutamate transferase (GGT) activities as well as significant (p<0.05) increases in Reduced glutathione (GSH) Pack cell volume (PCV), red blood cell count (RBC), High density lipoprotein–cholesterol (HDL-C), serum and tissue total protein with Catalase (CAT) and Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities. Cyclophosphamide treated rats however showed significant decreases (p<0.05) in GSH, serum and tissue total protein, PCV, RBC, HDL-C concentrations, CAT and SOD activities with elevated levels of MDA, urea, creatinine, WBC, CHO, TRG, and, ALT, ALP and GGT activities. Interestingly, animals pretreated with ascorbic acid before and during cyclophosphamide administration showed significant increases (p<0.05) in concentrations of serum and tissue total protein, GSH, PCV, RBC, HDL-C, CAT and SOD activities with corresponding decreases in WBC, CHO, TRG, urea, creatinine and MDA concentrations as well as, ALT, ALP and GGT activities compared with Cyclophosphamide treated group. Properties exhibited by ascorbic acid are indication of its antioxidative effects which accounts for its ability to attenuates cyclophosphamide- induced cellular redox imbalance, oxidative stress and tissue toxicity probably by activation of cellular anti-oxidative pathways.
[Adedosu, Olaniyi Temitope, Adeleke, Gbadebo Emmanuel, Olaoba, Olamide Tosin and Oyedeji, Abimbola S. Ascorbic Acid Attenuates Imbalanced Redox Potential Associated With Cyclophosphamide Administration In Rats. Nat Sci 2018;16(8):35-44]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 5. doi:10.7537/marsnsj160818.05.

Keywords: Antioxidant, Attenuates, Ascorbic acid, Cyclophosphamide, Oxidative stress, Redox imbalance, Tissue toxicity.

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Measurement of Leptin Hormone In Serum and Seminal Plasma Before & After Varicocelectomy

Prof. Dr. Ahmed Rashad Mohamed Elshahid, Dr. Ahmed Saeed Al-Adl, Dr. Nabil Fathy Esmail and Mohamed Ibrahim Elsayed

Dermatology, venerology and Andrology Department, Faculty of Medicine alazhar University, Egypt
mohamed.soror31@yahoo.com

Abstract: Varicocele is the most common cause of male infertility. Its prevalence is notably high. Varicocelectomy significantly improves sperm concentration and motility in infertile men with palpable varicocele and abnormal preoperative semen parameters. In adults, leptin stimulates gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion and exerts indirect effects on the gonads via neuropeptide Y, NPY. Leptin might have local effects on spermatogenesis. The impairment of spermatogenesis is associated with an increase in leptin (spermatocytes) and leptin receptor (Leydig cells) expressions in the testes, and the expressions in germ cells are significantly increased in men with varicocele. Seminal plasma leptin levels are significantly correlated with sperm apoptosis in varicocele patient.
[Ahmed Rashad Mohamed Elshahid, Ahmed Saeed Al-Adl, Nabil Fathy Esmail and Mohamed Ibrahim Elsayed. Measurement of Leptin Hormone In Serum and Seminal Plasma Before & After Varicocelectomy. Nat Sci 2018;16(8):45-52]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 6. doi:10.7537/marsnsj160818.06.

Keywords: Measurement; Leptin; Hormone; Serum; Seminal; Plasma; Varicocelectomy

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Integrated geological and petrophysical studies for reservoir characterization of the Jurassic Safa formation, Syrah Field, Shushan Basin, North Western Desert, Egypt

Elsawy, M.S¹, Abdelfatah, M.A.², Abdeldayem, A.L.³, and Abdelraheem, S.H.³

¹Khalda Petroleum Company, Cairo, Egypt

²Geology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Egypt

³Geology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Egypt

Mohammed.elsawy@khalda-eg.com

Abstract: This research work is dedicated to the establishment of an efficient workflow to evaluate petroleum reservoir potentials. This has been achieved through detailed petrographical and petrophysical studies of the Jurassic Safa Formation in the Syrah Field (defined in 4 studied wells, Syrah – 1X, Syrah – 5X, Syrah – 6Xst and Syrah – 8X), northern Western Desert, Egypt. Such workflow has enabled the detection of structural pattern and sedimentary structures and depiction of depositional environment. Different microfacies of the studied intervals have been identified petrographically and used as a reference to integrate gamma ray, density and neutron logs to extract continuous accurate lithological column. Spectral gamma ray logs, available from the used 4 wells, were used to determine the clay type present in the reservoir interval. Evaluation of the Safa Formation could be accomplished through the analysis of lithofacies types and determination of the different reservoir parameters characterizing the pay zone through the use of available well log data where promising locations for further development and exploration could be spotted. Petrophysical data analysis vertically via the Litho- Saturation cross-plots and laterally through the iso-parametric maps helped in defining the lateral variation of petrophysical parameters, reservoir thickness and locating suitable places for drilling new productive wells. It also showed that the Syrah field is characterized by good reservoir parameters. Study of reservoir pressure was used to determine reservoir fluid type and check the connectivity of hydrocarbon sand-bearing zones. Based on the obtained results, it can be stated that the Syrah field may attain commercial hydrocarbon accumulation in Safa Formation, and there is a good opportunity to drill more development and exploratory wells to enhance its productivity. Integration of different results helped in the establishment of a depositional model for both Upper and Lower Safa reservoirs. Sand channel directions and quality were also determined.

[Elsawy, M.S, Abdelfatah, M.A., Abdeldayem, A.L., and Abdelraheem, S.H. Integrated geological and petrophysical studies for reservoir characterization of the Jurassic Safa formation, Syrah Field, Shushan Basin, North Western Desert, Egypt. Nat Sci 2018;16(8):53-65]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 7. doi:10.7537/marsnsj160818.07.

Keywords: Integrated geological; petrophysical; reservoir; characterization; Jurassic Safa formation; Syrah Field; Shushan Basin; North Western Desert; Egypt

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Role of Three-Dimensional Sonohysterography in Evaluation of Tubo-Peritoneal and Uterine Causes of Infertility

Prof. Magdy A. Olama, Prof. Reham Saeed Mohammed Ali and Amena Abd El-Salam Ibrahim Hamed

Obstetrics & Gynecology Department, Faculty of Medicine (for Girls), Al-Azhar University, Egypt.

amena_abdelsalam@yahoo.com

Abstract: Background: Infertility is one of the most common health problems affecting 10 to 15% of couples. Structural abnormalities of the uterus and endometrial cavity and tubal patency may adversely affect reproductive outcome by interfering with implantation and with ovum and sperm transportation, thus cause infertility or decrease chances of successful ART. Aim of the work: The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of 3D versus 2D sonhysterography in evaluation of tubo-peritoneal and uterine causes of infertiliy. Patients and Methods: This observasional study was completed over a period of 12 months in Aswan Fertility Center. It focused mainly on young women thought to have an intrauterine lesion on transvaginal two-dimensional sonography. Patients were examined by ultrasound conventional, sonohysterography as well as three dimensional to detect the different types of tubo-peritoneal and uterine pathologies. Results: A total of 60 infertile women were divided into two groups (control = 2D group) & (study =3D group) of 30 cases in each. The age ranged from 20 years to 36 years in both groups with Mean ± SD 30,7 in 2D group and 29,7 in 3D group. There were 22 infertile women in the 2D group with primary infertility and 8 cases with secondary infertility but in the 3D group there were 24 infertile women with primary infertility and 6 cases with secondary infertility. Conclusion: 3D sonohysterography has no added advantage over 2D Sonohysterography in the detection of uterine abnormalities except in differentiation between septate, bicornute and arcute uterus. 3D sonohysterography is superior to 2D sonohysterography in detecting congenital uterine anomalies with p-value (0.006).

[Magdy A. Olama, Reham Saeed Mohammed Ali, and Amena Abd El-Salam Ibrahim Hamed, Role of Three-Dimensional Sonohysterography in Evaluation of Tubo-Peritoneal and Uterine Causes of Infertility. Nat Sci 2018;16(8):66-71]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 8. doi:10.7537/marsnsj160818.08.

Keywords: Three-Dimensional Sonohysterography, Tubo-peritoneal, Uterine Causes of Infertility, Arcuate Uterus

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Evaluation of Miswak antibacterial activity and its addition on chocolate milk sensory properties

Basma R. M. Yassin¹; Salem A.Mahfouz²; Neimat A. H. Elewa³ and Baraka A. Abd El-Salam¹

¹Dairy Research Department, Food Technology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Centre, Egypt

²Agricultural Microbiology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Egypt

³Dairy Science and Technology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Egypt

E. Mail: barakaaboelyazeed@yahoo.com

Abstract: The Antibacterial activity of Salvadora persica L (Miswak) aqueous extract (SPAE) against some pathogenic bacteria using agar diffusion method was evaluated. Also, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum lethal concentration (MLC) were determined. Chocolate milk treatments by adding the appropriate MLC of SPAE for each tested pathogenic bacteria were prepared and evaluated for their sensory properties. The results showed that the 400mg/ml of (SPAE) was the most effective against all tested pathogenic bacteria. The lowest MIC value and MLC value were noticed for E. coli (1.56 mg/ml and 3.12 mg/ml), respectively. The results of chocolate milk showed that the treatment 4 (Chocolate milk supplemented with 12.5 mg/ml of (SPAE)) recorded the lowest aroma and taste scores. No significant differences among the control, T2 (3.12 mg/ml of SPAE) and T3 (6.25 mg/ml of SPAE) as respect to tested sensory properties. Therefore, the SPAE can be used as a natural preservative in dairy industry.

[Basma R. M. Yassin; Salem A.Mahfouz; Neimat A. H. Elewa and Baraka A. Abd El-Salam. Evaluation of Miswak antibacterial activity and its addition on chocolate milk sensory properties. Nat Sci 2018;16(8):72-78]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 9. doi:10.7537/marsnsj160818.09.

Key words: Miswak, agar diffusion method, MIC, MLC, Chocolate milk

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The effect of vitamin B 1 on menstrual bleeding and inter menstrual spotting in women using copper intrauterine device

Prof. Dr. Nahed Hussein Mohamed, Dr. Hanaa Farouk Ahmed, Dr. Radwa El_sayed Mohammed Risha

Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Faculty of Medicine (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Egypt

ahmedmisbah77@yahoo.com

Abstract: Back ground: The Copper intrauterine devices (Cu-IUDs) are associated with adverse effects such as dysmenorrhea and heavy menstrual bleeding that lead to early removal of IUDs in 10% of women. Methods: This double-blind, randomized controlled trial involved 100 women. We recruited women who noted that their menstrual flow (duration, amount, and number of sanitary pads needed) or intermenstrual spotting had increased after the insertion of a TCu380A, and asked them to received vitamin B1 oral tablets. As vitamin b1 is not available alon in our market, Women asked to take (Tri-B tablets) which contain vit b1 125 mg, vit b6 125mg, vitb12 125 microgram and folic acid 5mg daily for 3 months, number of days of menses, severity of menstruation according to pictorial chart, strength of dysmenorria according tomulti – dimensional grading system and number of days of intermenstrual spotting were reported in chick list at the end of each month. Hemoglobin level estimated before vit b1 intake and at the end of the 3^rd month. Results: There are highly significance differences in comparison of menstrual cycle (durayion, severity, spotting and dysmenorrhea) before Vit B1 intake, one month, two months and three months after. Conclusion: Vitamin B 1 is a safe, natural, effective supplement that reduces heavy menstrual bleeding, spotting and dysmenorrhea caused by CUT380 Intra uterine device.

[Nahed Hussein Mohamed, Hanaa Farouk Ahmed, Radwa El_sayed Mohammed Risha The effect of vitamin B₁ on menstrual bleeding and inter menstrual spotting in women using copper intrauterine device. Nat Sci 2018;16(8):79-83]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 10. doi:10.7537/marsnsj160818.10.

Keywords: effect; vitamin B1; uterine; bleeding; spotting; women; copper; intra uterine

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The Relationship between Peripheral Natural Killer Cells Represented by CD56 and Repeated Spontaneous Miscarriages

Mervat Mohammed Ibrahim, Hanan Abd Elmoneam Mohammed and Sara Maustafa Mohammed Hassanein

Department of Obstetric and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine - Al Azhar University

Email: saramaustfa@yahoo.com

Abstract: Background: Spontaneous miscarriage is defined as the involuntary termination of pregnancy before 20 weeks of gestation or spontaneous expulsion of a fetus below fetal weight of 500 gram. NK cells are found in both peripheral blood and the uterine mucosa. There are, however, important phenotypic and functional differences between NK cells present at the two sites. Recurrent spontaneous miscarriage is usually defined as three or more spontaneous pregnancy losses (not necessarily consecutive). Objective: The aim of the study is to investigate the role of natural killer cells, (CD56) in cases of repeated spontaneous miscarriges. Subjects and Methods: This current study was conducted through the period from March 2016 to March 2017. Forty women were included in the group. They were collected from a private infertility center. Results: There were significant positive correlations between CD56 and Total pregnancies, Total miscarriages, early miscarriages, Miscarriages 6.0–12.0 weeks, Miscarriages 13.0–20.0 weeks, Missed abortion and previous medical treatment of miscarriage. The strongest correlation was with early miscarriages. Also Cases with positive family history of DM, thyroid diseases had significantly higher CD65%. Conclusion: Endometrial NK cells measured by flowcytometrey are increased in cases of repeated miscarriges. There were significant positive correlations between CD56 and Total pregnancies, Total miscarriages, early miscarriages, Miscarriages 6.0–12.0 weeks, Miscarriages 13.0–20.0 weeks, Missed abortion and previous medical treatment of miscarriage. The strongest correlation was with early miscarriages.

[Mervat Mohammed Ibrahim, Hanan Abd Elmoneam Mohammed and Sara Maustafa Mohammed Hassanein. The Relationship between Peripheral Natural Killer Cells Represented by CD56 and Repeated Spontaneous Miscarriages. Nat Sci 2018;16(8):84-89]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 11. doi:10.7537/marsnsj160818.11.

Keywords: Dendritic cells - Follicular stimulating hormone - Haematopoietic progenitor cells

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Surgical Management of Severe Closed Head Trauma

Hedaya M. Hendam, Ahmed M. Taha and Mohamed G. Farag

Department of Neurosurgery, Al-Azhar University, New Damietta, Egypt

Dr.mg.farag@gmail.com

Abstract: Objective: review the pathophysiology of the severe closed head trauma and to review the recent guidelines in its surgical management and following the prognosis. Patient and Methods: This study was an analytical study conducted on 20 patients with traumatic skull bone defects admitted to the neurosurgery department in Al-Azhar Damietta University Hospital undergoing cranioplasty if indicated and clinical & radiological follow up was done after a period of 6 months. Results: The age range was 11-55 years, mean age was 30.05 years, male-to-female ratio was 2.75:1. The causative trauma responsible for the head injury in our series were road traffic accident (50%), direct trauma to the head (23.3%) and fall from height (FFH) (26.7%) of all RTA was the most common cause in 50%. Time elapsed to reach hospital within 24 hours from trauma divided either before or after 6 hours which was 24 reach before 6hoursresulting in surgical treatment morbidity and Mortality 29.16% and 6 cases reach after 6 hours with morbidity and mortality 50%. According to Intracranial pathology (EDH, SDH, ICH) the EDH 19case were operated with morbidity and mortality 15.6%, SDH 8 cases were operated with morbidity and mortality 75 %, ICH3 cases were operated with 66.6% morbidity and mortality. Conclusion: Head trauma is considered as a major health problem that is a frequent cause of death and disability. Patient’s age, conscious level on admission and primary brain pathology markedly determine the outcome of closed head injury patients.

[Hedaya M. Hendam, Ahmed M. Taha and Mohamed G. Farag. Surgical Management of Severe Closed Head Trauma. Nat Sci 2018;16(8):90-99]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 12. doi:10.7537/marsnsj160818.12.

Keywords: Surgical; Management; Severe; Head; Trauma

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Management of traumatic skull bone defects

Mohamed S. Hassan, Hatem M. El-Samouly, Mohamed M. El-Saey

Department of Neurosurgery, Al-Azhar University, New Damietta, Egypt

Dr.mg.farag@gmail.com

Abstract: Objective: Review pathophysiology of traumatic skull bone defect, indications and different methods of cranioplasty. Patient and Methods: This study was carried out on 30 patients who attended to emergency room (ER) and admitted to the neurosurgery department in Al-Azhardamietta university hospital. Data collection was extracted from hospital records (Admission ICU books, patient admission sheets, operative details and progressive notes). The study included 30 patients diagnosed as severe closed TBI. Preoperatively all the patients were evaluated using a standardized sheet and the findings were tabulated as preoperative clinical (subjective and objective) and radiological data. Results: The age range was 4-57 years, mean age was 30.97 years, in our study the cosmetic result were good to excellent in 95 % of the patients (19 cases). Protection of the neural tissue was achieved in 95% of the patients (19 cases). One case (5% of all the patients) suffered complications in the form of infection, this case was 29 years old male with right parietal defect and reconstruction was done after 7 months of the initial injury using titanium mesh. The occurrence of infection in this case could not be controlled except after removal of the titanium mesh. Conclusion: Calvarial bone defect are frequently the result of trauma, previous operative procedure, infection, or neoplasm. Making the decision regarding the need for repair is frequently not difficult. Its timing dependent on the patient's neurological conditions, the risk of infection, and the healing potential of the surrounding tissue. The operative procedure for repair of these cranial defects is determined by the size of the defect, its location, and the implant material employed.

[Mohamed S. Hassan, Hatem M. El-Samouly, Mohamed M. El-Saey Management of traumatic skull bone defects. Nat Sci 2018;16(8):100-108]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 13. doi:10.7537/marsnsj160818.13.

Keywords: Management; traumatic; skull; bone; defect

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Assessment of the outcome of Laparscopic appendicectomy

Haroun Abd Al Kareem Allam, Magdy Salah El-Din Hussain and Mostafa Abd El Megeed El Fiky

Department of general surgery, Faculty of medicine for boys Al Azhar university, Egypt
drsaharkhattab@hotmail.com

Abstract: Acute appendicitis is one of the most frequent conditions seen in a surgical department; urgent appendectomy is considered the treatment of choice because of the low incidence of major complications and the relative rapidity of operation and hospital stay. Because of lack of good evidence supporting laparoscopic approach for complicated appendicitis, we carried out this study to evaluate efficacy of laparoscopic appendectomy (LA) in management of patients with complicated as well as uncomplicated appendicitis. Our study demonstrated that complicated appendicitis cases had longer operative time, increased number of analgesia, longer time for drainage and intravenous antibiotics, longer hospital stay and delayed return to normal activities when compared uncomplicated cases. Our study also showed that doing laparoscopic appendectomy in children and obese cases is as safe as in adults and non obese respectively with no increase in postoperative complications in terms of wound infection, Intra-abdominal abscess, atelectasis, paralytic ileus, hemoperitoneum and incisional hernia. Our study also demonstrated that laparoscopic appendectomy can be performed safely in acute appendicitis with or without complication with a low incidence of infectious complications and offering patients faster recovery and return to normal activity than open appendectomy on the expense of longer operative time. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that treatment of complicated appendicitis laparoscopically is feasible, safe and can offer a less post-operative pain, less usage of post operative analgesics and antibiotics, a rapid recovery and return to normal activities as well as better cosmoses on the expense of longer operating time than OA.
[Haroun Abd Al Kareem Allam, Magdy Salah El-Din Hussain and Mostafa Abd El Megeed El Fiky. Assessment of the outcome of Laparscopic appendicectomy. Nat Sci 2018;16(8):109-117]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 14. doi:10.7537/marsnsj160818.14.

Keywords: Assessment; outcome; Laparscopic; appendicectomy

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