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Hypomagnesemia as a predictor of mortality in Critically Ill Pediatric Patients

Fady M. El- Gendy; Ahmed A. Khattab; Nagwan K. Yousry; Hani H. Saad

Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Egypt

hani.hamid@ymail.com

Abstract: Objectives: To detect prevalence of hypomagnesemia in critically ill children, its association with sepsis and electrolyte abnormalities and to correlate this with mortality. Background: Hypomagnesemia is a significant and under-recognized electrolyte abnormality in critically ill children. It can lead to potentially fatal complications. Material and Methods: This is a cross over case control study done at the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) of Menoufia university Hospital from April 2015 to May 2016. We studied 100 patients who met the inclusion criteria. Patients under the study were managed and treated according to their clinical status and took their supportive traditional treatment. Results: Prevalence of hypomagnesemia in critically ill pediatric patients was 59%. Patients with hypomagnesemia had longer ICU stay (10.16 days vs. 6.04 days, p value = 0.007), higher PRISM score (25.83 vs 19.68, p value <0.001), more frequent need for ventilation (76.3% vs. 36.6 %, p value <0.001), higher mortality (57.6% vs. 29.3% (p value = 0.008), higher incidence of electrolyte abnormalities like hypokalemia (62.71% vs. 34.14%, p = 0.004) and hypocalcemia (71.18 % vs. 41.46 %, p = 0.002) and more frequent association with sepsis (67.8% vs. 32.2%, p=< 0.001) than patients with normal magnesium level. By analysis of the Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC curve), we found an area under the curve (AUC) of .638 for Mg for diagnosis of sepsis while C-reactive protein (CRP) had an AUC of.948. As regard prognosis, Mg had an AUC of 0.576 for prediction of mortality whereas the AUC for PRISM score was 0.811 and for CRP was 0.716. Logistic regression analysis showed that hypomagnesemia is a significant predictor for mortality among critically ill children (p value = 0.028) and OR = 3.180 (0.854-7.965). Conclusion: Hypomagnesemia is common and is associated with high incidence of morbidity and mortality in critically ill children so, routine monitoring is vital for timely diagnosis.

[Fady M. El- Gendy; Ahmed A. Khattab; Nagwan K. Yousry; Hani H. Saad. Hypomagnesemia as a predictor of mortality in Critically Ill Pediatric Patients. Stem Cell 2017;8(3):1-11]. ISSN: 1945-4570 (print); ISSN: 1945-4732 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/stem. 1. doi:10.7537/marsscj080317.01.

Keywords: Critically ill, electrolyte abnormalities, hypomagnesemia, mortality, predictor.

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Assessment of Left Ventricular Function in Childhood Cancer Survivors by 2D Conventional Echocardiography

Farida Hussein El-Rashedi¹, Mahmoud Ali Soliman ², Doaa Mahmoud Elian ¹, Mahmoud Ahmed El-Hawy ¹ and Ahmed Mostafa Bakr El-Hawwary ¹

¹ Pediatrics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Egypt;

²Cardiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Egypt.

have-faith001@hotmail.com

Abstract: Objective: To assess left ventricular function in childhood cancer survivors by 2D conventional echocardiography. Background: Two-dimensional echocardiography is considered one of the most widely used methods for detection of cardiotoxicity in childhood cancer survivors (CCS). Patients and Methods: In this case-control study, left ventricular functions were assessed by 2 D conventional echocardiography in 40 pediatric childhood cancer survivors and 20 healthy children as controlled. All of the participants were subjected to complete history taking and thorough clinical examination. Results: Most of the survivors (25 children) were diagnosed as ALL, 8 as NHL and 7 as HL. Their age at diagnosis of cancer ranged between 2 and 16 years. All of our survivors were treated with anthracycline based protocols of chemotherapy and the cumulative dose of anthracycline ranged between 75 and 400 mg/m². The systolic and diastolic blood pressures were significantly higher in the survivors group than the control group. the EF and FS (which represents the LV systolic function) were significantly lower in the survivors group than the control group though still within the normal values while no significant difference in LVEDD and LVESD. Also, the mitral E/A ratio (which represents the LV diastolic function) was significantly lower in the survivors group than the control group. Conclusion: Childhood cancer survivors are at higher risk of developing cardiac complications. Thus follow up of cardiac condition is mandatory in CCS.

[Farida Hussein El-Rashedi, Mahmoud Ali Soliman, Doaa Mahmoud Elian, Mahmoud Ahmed El-Hawy and Ahmed Mostafa Bakr El-Hawwary. Assessment of Left Ventricular Function in Childhood Cancer Survivors by 2D Conventional Echocardiography. Stem Cell 2017;8(3):12-20]. ISSN: 1945-4570 (print); ISSN: 1945-4732 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/stem. 2. doi:10.7537/marsscj080317.02.

Keywords: assessment; left ventricular; function; childhood; cancer; echocardiography

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Comparative Study between Low Molecular Weight Heparin and Unfractionated Heparin on Lipids in Hemodialysis Patients

Ahmed Rabie El-Arbagy, MD¹, Mahmoud Abd El-Aziz Kora, MD¹, Hany Said El-Barbary, MD¹, Mohammed El-sayed Omara, M.B.B.Ch²

¹ Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Egypt

² Nephrology Department, Zefta Hospital, Gharbia, Egypt

dr.garfield85@gmail.com

Abstract: Objective: To evaluate effects of unfractionated heparin (UFH) and low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) on the level of triglycerides, cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL) and low density lipoprotein (LDL) on hemodialysis patients. Background: End stage renal disease (ESRD) patients have a high risk of mortality, with cardiovascular diseases (CVD) being the commonest cause of death. Dyslipidemia is a major cause of CVD. A number of studies had evaluated the effect of both UFH and LMWH on lipid metabolism in ESRD patients. Methods: This study subjecting fifty patients with ESRD onmaintenance hemodialysis (HD) and last for six months. Twenty five patients using LMWH (enoxaparin) (9male and 16female) with mean age of 54.280 ± 6.668years and twenty five patients using UFH (13 male and 12 female) with mean age 56.920 ± 9.050 years. Serum cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL and LDL were determined. Demographic data and laboratory values were evaluated. Results: Our results show no significant difference between both groups regarding triglycerides level after the study (P=0.741) with more numerical decrease in triglycerides level in LMWH group (P=0.244). A significant increase in cholesterol level were found in UFH group after the study (P=0.009). Also the results show a significant increase in bleeding events in UFH group (P=0.020) and significant increase in coagulation problems in LMWH group (P=0.024). Conclusions: The results of this study indicate a more decrease in triglycerides level in patients using LMWH than UFH with significant increase in cholesterol level in UFH group. There were a significant increase in bleeding events in UFH patients and an increase in coagulation events in patients using LMWH. So we suggest using LMWH in patients with high serum cholesterol, triglyceridesand history of bleeding disorders and using UFH in patients with coagulation disorders.

[Ahmed Rabie El-Arbagy, Mahmoud Abd El-Aziz Kora, Hany Said El-Barbary, Mohammed El-sayed Omara. Comparative Study between Low Molecular Weight Heparin and Unfractionated Heparin on Lipids in Hemodialysis Patients. Stem Cell 2017;8(3):21-25]. ISSN: 1945-4570 (print); ISSN: 1945-4732 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/stem. 3. doi:10.7537/marsscj080317.03.

Keywords: Hemodialysis, Unfractionated heparin, Low molecular weight heparin

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Environmental Pollutants Affecting Growth: A Review

Mostafa G. El-Nagar¹, Mohamed Z. Nouh¹, Mahmoud S. Azgola²

¹ Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt.

² Shebin El-Kom Teaching Hospital, Ministry of Health and Population, Shebin El-Kom, Menoufia, Egypt.

mazogla1985@gmail.com

Abstract: Objectives: to perform systematic review to summarize the effects of environmental pollutants on normal aspects of growth and development. Background: Pollution is a huge problem for whole the world since the start of the industrial revolution. Several environmental pollutants have been suspected to disrupt normal growth. Data sources: Medline, articles in Medscape and PubMed were searched. The search was performed on November 2016. All types of publications were included. Study selection: The initial search presented 250 articles. 30 Articles met the inclusion criteria. Studies that addressed pollutants effects on growth, development, and reproduction were selected. Data extraction: Data from each study were independently abstracted in duplicate using a data collection form to capture information on study characteristics, interventions, results reported for each outcome of interest. Data synthesis: There was heterogeneity in the collected data. Significant data were collected. Thus, a structured review was performed. Conclusion: Articles were reviewed; we found that Environmental chemicals associated with growth disruption can be classified into two main groups; endocrine disruptors and heavy metals. Regarding endocrine disruptors, multiple chemicals have been identified including Phthalates, Bisphenol A, and Polychlorinated biphenyls. Phthalates have confirmed endocrine disruption effects like decreased levels of thyroid hormone andsteroids. Bisphenol A has many disruptive effects like sperm production inhibition and behavioral changes. Heavy metals include basic metal elements such as lead, cadmium, and arsenic. Lead is a common pollutant causing reduction in linear growth, pubertal maturation, and IQ deficits. Arsenic and cadmium may cause decrease birth size and delayed puberty.

[Mostafa G. El-Nagar, Mohamed Z. Nouh, Mahmoud S. Azgola. Environmental Pollutants Affecting Growth: A Review. Stem Cell 2017;8(3):26-33]. ISSN: 1945-4570 (print); ISSN: 1945-4732 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/stem. 4. doi:10.7537/marsscj080317.04.

Keywords: Environmental Pollutants/adverse effects; Growth and Development; Toxicity; Endocrine Disruptors; Metals, Heavy

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Value of Endotracheal Tube Culture in Ventilated Septic Neonates

Prof. Ahmed Thabit Mahmoud¹, Prof. Dalia Al-lahony², Mohammad Anwar Ebrahim El-Mesady³

¹Professor of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine – Menoufia University

²Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine – Menoufia University

³Faculty of Medicine – Menoufia University

ghada.hosny15@yahoo.com

Abstract: Objectives: to study endotracheal tube aspirate culture results and its relation to other clinical and laboratory finding Background: Sepsis is a common complication in the NICU, Mechanical ventilation plays an important role because artificial airways bypass the body's defense against inhaled pathogens and offer new routes for non airborne pathogens.. Researchers reported 50% of sepsis occurrence among infants who had respiratory tract colonization. They also found that none of the neonates who had not colonization, had sepsis. ETA culture is less invasive and results appear earlier than blood culture Materials & Methods: the study was done on 80 newborns divided into 2 groups: (40 newborn with evidence of neonatal sepsis and 40 newborn with no evidence of sepsis) and fulfilling the selection criteria of ventilation for more than 7 days. All patients in the study were subjected to adequate assessment of history, full clinical examination, complete blood count C - reactive protein, blood culture, endotracheal tube aspirate cultures and arterial blood gases monitoring. Our selected cases were subjected to clinical evaluation and to the Hematological Scoring System of Sepsis. Results: We found that Endotracheal aspirate culture is not considered a gold standard as sensitivity and specificity in detecting organisms in ventilated septic newborns are low Conclusion Blood culture is still the gold standard for detection of organisms in ventilated septic neonates Endotracheal tube aspirate cultures has a lower sensitivity & specificity.

[Prof. Ahmed Thabit Mahmoud, Prof. Dalia Al-lahony, Mohammad Anwar Ebrahim El-Mesady. Value of Endotracheal Tube Culture in Ventilated Septic Neonates. Stem Cell 2017;8(3):34-42]. ISSN: 1945-4570 (print); ISSN: 1945-4732 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/stem.. doi:10.7537/marsscj080317.05.

Key words: Endo tracheal tube aspirate culture, blood culture, Mechanical ventilation, Neonatal sepsis

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Rapeseed Growth and Yield under Water Stress Conditions

Narjes Moqbelihanzaei¹, Maryam khosropour^2,*

¹Master of Science Desert Management, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran

²M. SC Student Combating Desertification, University of Tehran, Iran

Abstract: The study was a factorial experiment in a completely randomized blocks design with three irrigation treatments which was conducted on rapeseed plant in a farm in Dawlat Abad village located in the city of Khash, in the year 2012. The experimental treatments were consisted of two irrigation factors at three levels, every 5, every 10 and every 15 days during the growing period, and rapeseed cultivars at four levels, including R.g.s003 and Hyola 401. The results showed that the number of seeds per bag in the R.G.S003 with full irrigation was maximum, but not statistically different from the other cultivars. The results showed that with increasing water stress from complete irrigation toward the severe stress (every 15 days) the measuring parameters have decreased.

[Moqbelihanzaei N, khosropour M. Rapeseed Growth and Yield under Water Stress Conditions. Stem Cell 2017;8(3):43-45]. ISSN: 1945-4570 (print); ISSN: 1945-4732 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/stem. 6. doi:10.7537/marsscj080317.06.

Keywords: Water Stress, Rapeseed, Seed Yield

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Role of Selectins in Alopecia Areata

Alaa Hassan Maraee MD ¹, Rania Mohammed Azmy Elshazly MD ² and Reman Abdelkader Mohammed Sayerdayer M.Sc ³

¹Head of Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Egypt

² Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Egypt

³ Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Egypt

drreman87@yahoo.com

Abstract: Objective: To demonstrate serum concentrations of selectins ( L-selectin and P-selectin) in patients with alopecia areata circumscripta (AAC) in comparison to control group. Background: The main histopathological features of AAC is a lymphocytic infiltration surrounding hair follicles. L and P-selectin are proved to be indicators of inflammation. There are no studies regarding their role in AAC. Patients and methods: Fifty patients with AAC were involved in the study. The patients treated with anti-histaminic or vascular drugs such as heparin or aspirin were excluded from the study as well as patients receiving systemic treatment before 6 weeks from the start of the study. The control group consisted of 20 healthy subjects. The serum concentrations of soluble L-selectin and P-selectin were detected using ELISA method. Results: It was found that P selectin level among patients is higher than controls there is statistically significant difference between both groups regarding serum level of P selectin, while L selectin level among patients is lower than controls, but not statistically significant difference. Conclusions: This study shows that P-selectin may play an important role in the pathogenesis of AAC and may be a target of future therapies in this disease and L-selectin may not play an important role in the pathogenesis of AAC.

[Alaa Hassan Maraee, Rania Mohammed Azmy Elshazly and Reman Abdelkader Mohammed Sayerdayer. Role of Selectins in Alopecia Areata. Stem Cell 2017;8(3):46-50]. ISSN: 1945-4570 (print); ISSN: 1945-4732 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/stem. 7. doi:10.7537/marsscj080317.07.

Keywords: alopecia areata circumscripta, P-selectin, L-selectin

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Assessment of serum iron markers and Hepcidin in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases

Tarek Elmahdy Korah MD¹, Mohamed Hamdy Badr MD¹, Eman Abd Elfatah Badr MD², Mohamed Saad Hashim MD³ and Mai Kamal Abd-El Mageed Bass M.B.B.CH⁴

¹Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Egypt.

²Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Egypt.

³Internal Medicine Department, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University,, Egypt.

⁴Zawiet Elnaoura Fever Hospital, Menoufia, Egypt.

maikamal826@yahoo.com

Abstract: Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate serum hepcidin and iron markers levels as biomarkers for inflammatory activity in patients with NAFLD. Background: Non alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) refers to a spectrum of hepatic disorders, ranging from simple or bland fatty liver to a non-alcoholic steato-hepatitis (NASH), which is characterized by an inflammatory reaction with hepatocytic injury, The role of hepcidin in non-alcoholic liver disease and its utility as a biomarker for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) or non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) histological severity has generated much interest. Patients and Methods: This study was conducted on 20 patients with non alcoholic fatty liver with normal liver enzymes (Group A), 20 patients with non-alcoholic steato-hepatitis with elevated liver enzymes (Group B) and 15 healthy persons (control group). These patients were subjected to full history taking, complete clinical examination, CBC, Liver function tests, FBS, Lipid profile, HCV Ab, HBV Ag, abdominal ultrasound, measurement of serum iron markers and serum hepcidin level. Results: There was a significant statistical difference between three groups regarding Iron and Hepcidin. Conclusion: serum hepcidin may be a good predictor and a non-invasive marker for diagnosis of NAFLD.

[Tarek Elmahdy Korah, Mohamed Hamdy Badr, Eman Abd Elfatah Badr, Mohamed Saad Hashim and Mai Kamal Abd-El Mageed Bass. Assessment of serum iron markers and Hepcidin in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases. Stem Cell 2017;8(3):51-61]. ISSN: 1945-4570 (print); ISSN: 1945-4732 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/stem. 8. doi:10.7537/marsscj080317.08.

Key words: non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH ), Lipid profile, iron markers, hepcidin.

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Myelodysplastic syndromes: Genetics and Epigenetics Basis and Their Clinical Relevance

Sabry A. Shoieb (MD, PhD)¹, Mohammad A. Abdel Hafez (MD)², Alaa E.Abd El-Hamid (MD)², Mahmoud Elsayed El-Sheikh (MBBch)^.*3.

¹ Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Egypt

² Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Egypt

³ Resident of Internal Medicine at Ministry of Health, Egypt

mahmoudelsheikh1985@yahoo.com

Abstract: Objectives: To perform a narrative review on the genetics and epigenetics basis of myelodysplastic syndromes and their clinical relevance. Data sources: MEDLINE databases and Ovid database were searched. The search was performed on September 2016 and included articles published from 2002 to 2016 in English language. Study selection: The initial search presented 30 articles which were included to the study. Conclusions: We found that Genetic and Epigenetic mutations are common in MDS patients and have a great role in diagnosis, prognosis and response to treatment in Myelodysplastic Syndromes.

[Sabry A. Shoieb, Mohammad A. Abdel Hafez, Alaa E.Abd El-Hamid, Mahmoud Elsayed El-Sheikh. Myelodysplastic syndromes: Genetics and Epigenetics Basis and Their Clinical Relevance. Stem Cell 2017;8(3):62-67]. ISSN: 1945-4570 (print); ISSN: 1945-4732 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/stem. 9. doi:10.7537/marsscj080317.09.

Keywords: myelodysplastic syndromes, genetics, epigenetics

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Study of Osteoprotogerin in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients with Vascular Calcification

Ahmed Rabee Elarbagy, Hany Said Elbarbary, Ahmed Ragheb Tawfeek and Aya Ali Abdulla Elhanafy

Internal Medicine department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufiya University, Menofia, Egypt

Abstract: Objective: The aim of this work is to assess osteoprotogerin level in chronic kidney disease patients to determine its role in the occurrence of vascular calcification. Background: Vascular calcification is common in CKD. OPG levels are higher in patients with chronic kidney disease. Patients and methods: patients with chronic kidney disease underwent OPG levels assessment and determine its relation to vascular calcification. Serum OPG levels was compared to those of healthy individuals used as controls. An OPG levels, CCIMT and densitometry scans were measured. The effects of age, BMI, MBP were analyzed. Results: The osteoprotogerin levels of eighty patients were analyzed; there was a significant increase in its levels. However, OPG levels remained higher compared to controls. There was no significant impact of age alone. Conclusion: There is a considerable increase of osteoprotogerin levels in hemodialysis patients compared to those on conservative therapy. Several factors may have specific effects on osteoprotogerin levels.

[Ahmed Rabee Elarbagy, Hany Said Elbarbary, Ahmed Ragheb Tawfeek and Aya Ali Abdulla Elhanafy. Study of Osteoprotogerin in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients with Vascular Calcification. Stem Cell 2017;8(3):68-73]. ISSN: 1945-4570 (print); ISSN: 1945-4732 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/stem. 10. doi:10.7537/marsscj080317.10.

Keywords: chronic kidney disease, osteoprotogerin, vascular calcification

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Study of Omentin 1, in patients with psoriasis and its relation to disease severity (Systematic review)

Shawky Mahmoud El Farargy MD¹, Naglaa Mohammed Ghanayem MD ², Ola Ahmed Amin MD ¹ and

Somaya Galal Gaafar M. B., B. CH¹.

¹ Department of Dermatology, Andrology and STDs, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Egypt.

²Department of Medical Biochemistery, Faculty of Medicine-Menoufiya University, Egypt.

somaiagalal2017@gmail.com

Abstract: Objectives: To study the decreased serum levels of omentin-1 in patients with psoriasis compared with healthy controls, and to consider their relation to disease duration, disease severity. Data Sources: Medline databases (PubMed, Medscape, Science Direct. EMF-Portal) and all materials available in the Internet from 2010 to 2015. Study Selection: The initial search presented 5 articles of which 44 met the inclusion criteria. The articles studied the relation between mobile phones, the auditory system and genotoxicity. Data Extraction: If the studies did not fulfill the inclusion criteria, they were excluded. Study quality assessment included whether ethical approval was gained, eligibility criteria specified, appropriate controls, adequate information and defined assessment measures. Data Synthesis: Comparisons were made by structured review with the results tabulated. Findings: Omentin 1 levels were significantly lower in psoriasis cases compared with healthy controls in 4 of the studied publications. These four studies reported relation between Omentin 1 and the clinical severity of psoriasis. Conclusion: Our study concludes that Omentin1 is significantly lower in psoriatic patients than healthy population. Low levels of circulating omentin1 are also associated with the prevalence of coronary artery disease. These data suggest that omentin 1 may represent a biomarker for not only metabolic disorders, but also cardiovascular diseases which ultimately leads to the cardiovascular comorbidites of psoriasis.

[Shawky Mahmoud El Farargy, Naglaa Mohammed Ghanayem, Ola Ahmed Amin and Somaya Galal Gaafar. Study of Omentin 1, in patients with psoriasis and its relation to disease severity (Systematic review). Stem Cell 2017;8(3):74-77]. ISSN: 1945-4570 (print); ISSN: 1945-4732 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/stem. 11. doi:10.7537/marsscj080317.11.

Key words: Psoriasis, Omentin 1, cardiovascular disease

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The Relation between Hypothyroidism and Dyslipidemia in Non-Diabetic Patients

Nabil Abd Elfatah El Kafrawy; Mohamed Abd El Raouf Qorani; Mohamed Zakarya Nouh and Ahmed Shaaban Ahmed Mohammed

Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University

omarahmed92013@yahoo.com

Abstract: Background: Hypothyroidismis a common cause of secondary dyslipidemia. Hyperlipidemia is known to be present in patients with both primary and secondary hypothyroidism. Several cross-sectional studies have reported that there are increased levels of total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol in adults with sub clinical hypothyroidism compared with euthyroid controls. In adults, increasing levels of TSH is associated with increases in total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and triglycerides and with decreases in HDL cholesterol. The effect of serum thyroid hormones on lipid profile is a complex phenomenon. Thyroid hormone has various effects on both synthesis and degradation of lipids in vivo. Although thyroid hormones decrease serum LDL cholesterol by increasing its clearance through LDL receptors on the liver, low-serum TG is maintained by the stimulation of tissue lipoprotein lipase enzyme. It decreases the serum HDL by increasing the activity of cholesteryl-ester transfer protein (CETP), hepatic lipase, and the expression of HDL receptors on the liver. The aim of the work: The aim of the study was to evaluate the relation between hypothyroidism and dyslipidaemia in non-diabetic patients. Patinets And Methods: This study was carried out on 50 already diagnosed hypothyroid non diabetic patients regularly coming for management & follow up at Endocrine & diabetic clinic in Menoufia University (group I) and 20 healthy persons as control group (group II). RESULTS: Regarding thyroid hormones, there was a significant increase of TSH in patients than the control, while there was a significant decrease of both free T3 and T4 in patients than the control group. There was a positive significant correlation between TSH and serum cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, non HDL cholesterol and LDL/HDL ratio; on the other hand there was a negative significant correlation between free T3 and T4 and serum cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, non HDL cholesterol and LDL/HDL ratio. There was a positive significant correlation between TSH and BMI, while there was a significant negative correlation between free T3 and T4 and BMI.

[Nabil Abd Elfatah El Kafrawy; Mohamed Abd El Raouf Qorani; Mohamed Zakarya Nouh and Ahmed Shaaban Ahmed Mohammed. The Relation between Hypothyroidism and Dyslipidemia in Non-Diabetic Patients. Stem Cell 2017;8(3):78-85]. ISSN: 1945-4570 (print); ISSN: 1945-4732 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/stem. 12. doi:10.7537/marsscj080317.12.

Keywords: Relation; Hypothyroidism; Dyslipidemia; Diabetic; Patient

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Relation between Serum Calcium Level and Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Sanaa Sayed Hafez Gazareen¹, Alaa-Eldin Abd-Elsalam Dawood¹, Ashraf Anas Zytoon², Yaser Abd-Elsatar Elghobashy³ and Khalid Tahseen Ahmed Gabr¹.

¹Department of Internal Medicine¹, Faculty of Medicine, EL-Menoufia University, Shebin-Elkom, Egypt

²Department of Radio-Diagnosis², Faculty of Medicine, EL-Menoufia University, Shebin-Elkom, Egypt

³Department of Medical Biochemistry³,Faculty of Medicine, EL-Menoufia University, Shebin-Elkom, Egypt.

Dr_kh_g20252000@yahoo.com

Abstract: Background: Calcium homeostasis has been shown to affect insulin resistance and secretion. Moreover, several studies have reported that elevated serum calcium is associated with an increased risk of developing metabolic abnormalities, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). However, it remains unclear whether serum calcium level can affect the presence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which has been considered as the hepatic expression of metabolic syndrome. Aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between serum calcium level and NAFLD in patients with type 2 DM. Subjects and Methods: This study was conducted on 100 subjects subdivided into 3 groups:20 apparently healthy persons with no history of diabetes mellitus or non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) used as a control group (Group I), 40 Diabetic patients (T2DM) with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) as (Group II) and 40 Diabetic Patients (T2DM) without non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) as (Group III). They were subjected to full history taking & thorough clinical examination, and they investigated for Total Serum Calcium, Fasting and 2 hours post prandial blood glucose level, Glycated haemoglobin (HA1c), Lipid profile (Total Serum Cholesterol, Serum Triglycerides, HDL-Cholesterol and LDL-Cholesterol), Liver enzymes (AST, ALT and GGT), Serum Creatinine & urea, Ultrasonography for NAFLD evaluation and calculation of fatty liver index. Results: The major findings made in the current study are the discovery of significant correlation between total serum calcium concentrations with fasting serum glucose. Diabetes mellitus is a condition in which cell calcium homeostasis is impaired. Association of NAFLD with diabetes causes more increase of serum calcium suggesting the possibility that increased serum calcium may in part be involved in developing NAFLD in subjects with type 2 DM. FLI, was suggested as a proxy for fatty liver. Also only GGT was an independent predictor of FL while AST and ALT level has a little diagnostic or prognostic value when assessing patients for NAFLD. In addition, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and plasma triglyceride levels were significantly higher in subjects with NAFLD. Conclusion: These findings suggest the possibility that increased Total serum calcium may in part be involved in developing NAFLD in subjects with type 2 DM.

[Sanaa Sayed Hafez Gazareen, Alaa-Eldin Abd-Elsalam Dawood, Ashraf Anas Zytoon, Yaser Abd-Elsatar Elghobashy³and Khalid Tahseen Ahmed Gabr Relation between Serum Calcium Level and Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Stem Cell 2017;8(3):86-98]. ISSN: 1945-4570 (print); ISSN: 1945-4732 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/stem. 13. doi:10.7537/marsscj080317.13.

Keywords: Serum Calcium Level, Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

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Assessment of serum iron markers and hepcidin in patients with chronic hepatitis B and C viruses

Tarek El Mahdy Korah¹; Waled Mohamed Fathy²; Mohamed Hamdy Badr¹; Mohamed Ahmed Samy kohla³; Sarah Ibrahim Mohamed Attia M.B.B.Ch⁴

¹Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University; ²clinical pathology Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University; ³National Liver Institute, Menoufia University; ⁴Sharq Al Madian Hospital, Egypt.

dr_ahmedelhoshy@yahoo.com

Abstract: Background: Patients with hepatitis C (HC) and B (HB) often have elevated serum iron markers, which may worsen liver injury. The aim of this study was to evaluate serum iron markers and serum hepcidin levels in patients with chronic hepatitis (B & C) viruses. The study was conducted on 40 patients with chronic hepatitis (B & C) viruses in addition to 15 as a control group from Menoufia University and National Liver Institute. Results: There was no significant difference between the three studied groups regarding demographic data which include, age, BMI and sex, the three groups was matched regarding demographic data. Regarding liver function tests, serum albumin and total bilirubin show insignificant difference between the three studied groups, while direct bilirubin shows a significant increase in both HBV and HCV patients more than the control group. Both AST and ALT show a significant increase in both HBV and HCV patients than the control group, INR show insignificant difference between the three studied groups. Regarding iron items, serum iron in the three studied groups show insignificant difference, while serum ferritin show a significant increase in HBV group than the control and HCV, serum transferrin show a significant increase in HCV group more than the other two groups, on the other hand, it was found significant increase in serum transferrin in HBV more than the control group. hepcidin show a significant increase in both HBV and HCV group than the control, also there was a significant increase in serum hepcidin in HCV group more than the HBV.

[Tarek El Mahdy Korah; Waled Mohamed Fathy; Mohamed Hamdy Badr; Mohamed Ahmed Samy kohla; Sarah Ibrahim Mohamed Attia M.B.B.Ch. Assessment of serum iron markers and hepcidin in patients with chronic hepatitis B and C viruses. Stem Cell 2017;8(3):99-106]. ISSN: 1945-4570 (print); ISSN: 1945-4732 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/stem. 14. doi:10.7537/marsscj080317.14.

Keywords: serum iron markers, hepcidin, chronic hepatitis B and C viruses

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Stem cell plasticity (Systematic review)

Sabry Shoeib, Mohame d Abd El Hafez, Alaa Efat, Hany Al Edl.

Internal Medicine department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufiya University, Menofia, Egypt.

great_sea85@yahoo.com

Abstract: Objective: To study stem cell plasticity and its role in the treatment of different diseases. Data sources: MEDLINE, EMBASE and PUBMED databases were searched. The search was performed on 1 October 2014 and included articles published ahead of print with no language restrictions. Study selection: The initial search presented 500 articles, papers and journals about stem cells, stem cell therapy and Stem cell plasticity. Data extraction: Data from each eligible study were independently abstracted in duplicate using a data collection form to capture information on study characteristics, interventions, quantitative results reported for each outcome of interest. Data synthesis: Because of heterogencity of stem cells, stem cell therapy and stem cell plasticity and outcome measures reported, it was not possible to pool the data and carry out a meta-analysis. Significant data were collected. Thus, a structured review was performed. Conclusion: Excellent outcomes have been achieved in the field of stem cell plasticity and Stem cell therapy of several diseases such as diabetes mellitus, stroke, cardiovascular Diseases, hepatic diseases and neurodegenerative diseases.

[Sabry Shoeib, Mohame d Abd El Hafez, Alaa Efat, Hany Al Edl. Stem cell plasticity (Systematic review). Stem Cell 2017;8(3):107-114]. ISSN: 1945-4570 (print); ISSN: 1945-4732 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/stem. 15. doi:10.7537/marsscj080317.15.

Keywords: Stem Cell, Renewal, Plasticity, Tissues, Therapy, Disease

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Effect of Ethanolic Olive Leaves Extract or Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells against Radiation Induced Oxidative Damage in Liver

Hemmat Mansour Abdelhafez, Mona Mohamed El-Tonsy and Eman Mohammed Hassona Dawoud

Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science (for girls), AL–Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.

dr.hematmansour@yahoo.com

Abstract: This study aimed to investigate the possible therapeutic effects of ethanolic olive leaves extract or bone marrow derived-mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) on the liver of rats exposed to gamma radiation. Materials and methods: 50 adult male albino rats (Sprague dawely strain) were used in this study. They were divided into 5 groups (C group: untreated control rats; R group: rats were exposed to a single dose of gamma-radiation (6 Gy); OLE group: rats were treated with olive leaves extract (15 mg /kg body weight/day for 30 days); R+OLE group: rats were treated with olive leaves extract 15 mg /kg body weight/day for 30 days after irradiation; R+MSCs group: rats were irradiated with 6Gy then injected with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) 3×10⁶ cells/1ml suspension through the caudal vein. The experimental rats were sacrificed on the 7^th and 30^th day post irradiation, except R+MSCs group which was sacrificed on the 30^th day post exposure to radiation. Biochemical parameters, histopathological and quantitative histochemical methods were studied. Results: Rats exposed to gamma radiation induced a significant increase in liver MDA level while, liver GSH level showed a significant decrease. Many histopathological lesions were observed in the liver tissue, such as dilated and congested sinusoids with increased Kupffer cells, debris of degenerated cytoplasmic organelles with many pyknotic and karyolytic nuclei, highly dilated and congested hepatic portal vein which contained hemolysed blood cells, lymphocytic infiltration in the portal area and dilated walls of bile ducts. Highly increased collagen fibers were also observed after gamma irradiation in the liver tissue. In addition, irradiated group induced a significant increase in amyloid β-protein, while a significant decrease in PAS+ve materials, total protein and total DNA content was detected. OLE and BM-MSCs succeeded to minimize the drastic changes which were observed in the liver tissue of the irradiated group. Conclusion: According to the results obtained in the current study mesenchymal stem cells proved to be more effective than OLE as it showed more radiotherapeutic effect in improving liver function and structure.

[Hemmat Mansour Abdelhafez, Mona Mohamed El-Tonsy and Eman Mohammed Hassona Dawoud. Effect of Ethanolic Olive Leaves Extract or Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells against Radiation Induced Oxidative Damage in Liver. Stem Cell 2017;8(3):115-133]. ISSN: 1945-4570 (print); ISSN: 1945-4732 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/stem. 16. doi:10.7537/marsscj080317.16.

Key words: Gamma radiation, Albino rats, liver, Ethanolic olive leaves extract (OLE), Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs).

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Efficacy of Eicosapentaenoic acid Supplementation on the Serum Profile of Lp (a) in the Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Mohammad Hassan Golzari¹, Saeed Hosseini², Fariba Koohdani³, Seyde Ali Keshavarz⁴, Mahmoud Djalali⁵

¹MSc, Ph.D Candidate, Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

²MD, Ph.D. Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

³Ph.D. Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

⁴Ph.D. Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

⁵Ph.D. Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Abstract: Background: The serum levels of Lp (a) is considered as a risk factor and a predictor of atherosclerotic vascular disease. The patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus have an increased in the serum levels of Lp (a), and endothelial dysfunction. EPA has the antioxidant, antiinflammatory, antithrombogenic, and antiarteriosclerotic properties. Therefore, we investigated the efficacy of Eicosapentaenoic acid supplementation on the serum profile of Lp (a) in the diabetic patients. Methods: This study was designed as a randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled clinical trial. Thirty six patients with type 2 diabetes were given written; informed consent, randomly were classified into 2 groups. They were supplemented with 2 g/day of the capsules of EPA or placebo. At the start and the end of the intervention, blood sample for measurement of the serum levels of Lp (a), and lipids, as well as FBS and HbA1c were given. Results: There were no significant differences between the two groups regarding any demographic, clinical or biochemical data, total energy intake, and macronutrient intake at the baseline, and during the intervention, except for a significant increase of protein intake and the levels of HbA1c in the placebo group, and a significant increase of HDL-c, and a significant decrease in the serum levels Lp (a), as well as a slight reduce of TC, LDL-c, TG and FBS in the supplement group. Conclusions: EPA is atheroprotective via decrease in the serum levels of Lp (a), as well as change in the serum levels of lipids, and FBS.

[Mohammad Hassan Golzari, Saeed Hosseini, Fariba Koohdani, Seyde Ali Keshavarz, Mahmoud Djalali. Efficacy of Eicosapentaenoic acid Supplementation on the Serum Profile of Lp (a) in the Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Stem Cell 2017;8(3):134-141]. ISSN: 1945-4570 (print); ISSN: 1945-4732 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/stem. 17. doi:10.7537/marsscj080317.17.

Key Words: Eicosapentaenoic acid, Lipoprotein (a), Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

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