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Knowledge, Practice and its associated Factors towards Rabies Prevention among Residences in Ebinat, South Gondar zone, Amhara regional state, Ethiopia

Abebe Mequanent

University of Gondar College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, Gondar, Ethiopia, P.O. Box: 196.

E-mail: abebemequanent@gmail.com

Abstract: Cross-sectional study design and multistage random sampling procedures were employed to select households for this study. Socio-demographic, knowledge and practice related variables were collected from 785 households using interviewer administered structured and pretested questionnaires. The main aim of study was to assess knowledge and practice towards Rabies and its associated factors among the resident of people at particular selected area. A total of 785 respondents were participated with response rate of 97.4%. Good knowledge and good practice towards rabies prevention were 94.9% and 56.1% respectively. Respondents who had post exposure prophylaxis experience were 4.45 times more likely to have good knowledge than those who hadn`t (AOR=4.45, 95%CI: 1.068-18.580). Respondents with age between18-35 years were 1.77 times more likely to had good practice of rabies prevention than those aged greater than 50 years (AOR=1.778; 95%CI: 1.102-2.868). Rabies is acute fatal encephalitis that affects all mammals and it is a worldwide zoonotic disease caused by Rabies virus. It is almost 100 % fatal once the clinical signs develop. It constitutes a serious public and animal health problem in Africa including Ethiopia. Rabies is a well-known disease in the study area but the practice towards rabies prevention findings was low. Having experience of post exposure prophylaxis and previous history of dog attack were the determinant factors for knowledge about rabies prevention, while Age and knowledge were factors affecting the practice towards rabies prevention.

[Abebe, M.A. Knowledge, Practice and its associated Factors towards Rabies Prevention among Residences in Ebinat, South Gondar zone, Amhara regional state, Ethiopia. World Rural Observ 2024;16(4):1-15]. ISSN: 1944-6543 (Print); ISSN: 1944-6551 (Online). http://www.sciencepub.net/rural. 01. doi:10.7537/marswro160424.01

Key words: - Knowledge; practice; rabies; south Gondar zone

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Prevalence of Paramphistomosis in Bovine in and around Gondar town

Abebe Mequanent

University of Gondar College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, Gondar, Ethiopia, P.O. Box: 196.

E-mail: abebemequanent@gmail.com

Abstract: A cross sectional study was carried out from February 2022 to May 2022 in Gondar Elfora Abattoir to determine the prevalence of paramphistomosis in cattle (local, cross) breeds which were came from highland, mid highland and lowland areas. Three hundred (300) cattle were included for routine ante-mortem and postmortem examination for the presence of paraphistomum. The parasite was examined grossly to appreciate the morphology of adult paraphistomum. Out of 300 cattle examined, 122 (40.7%) were found to be positive for paramphistomosis. From 199 infected cattle fluke burden at organ level 100(81.96%) was in rumen, 9(7.4%) was in reticulum and 13(10.7%) was found mixed (rumen and reticulum). The existence of paraphistomum in respect to organ and origin, 59(65.6%) was in rumen and 2(22.7%) was found in reticulum predominantly in Gondar and dembia respectively. However, there is statistical significance variation (p <0.05) between the prevalence of paraphistomum and that of origin, breed, and age groups of the animals. Integrated control approach using selected anthelmintic therapy and snail control to reduce the magnitude of the problem was suggested as a recommendation.

[Abebe, M.A. Prevalence of Paramphistomosis in Bovine in and around Gondar town. World Rural Observ 2024;16(4):16-21]. ISSN: 1944-6543 (Print); ISSN: 1944-6551 (Online). http://www.sciencepub.net/rural. 02. doi:10.7537/marswro160424.02

Key words: Abattoir; cattle; Elfora; Gondar; paramphistomosis; prevalence

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Allomorphic Characterization of Gazania rigens  (Treasure Flower) from Gilgit, Pakistan

Reena Aqil, Romana Batool, Sajida Amir,  Sahiba Khatoon, Waqar Hussain, Noreen Batool, Aiman Zahra, Tika Khan

Department of Plant Sciences, Karakoram International University, University Road Konodas, Gilgit, 15100, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan

reenaraki2@gmail.com

Abstract: Gazania rigens is a perennial species originating from South Africa and an ornamental plant of drought resistance and adaptability to poor soil conditions. The current study explores morphometric and allometric variation in G. rigens with special reference to floral and leaf structures, as well as their association with environmental factors. Key morphological traits measured included sepals, petals, stamens, carpels, and leaves, obtained from samples at different altitudes. Petal and leaf size means, largest were 76.43 and 1343.73 mm² respectively. Lowest were carpels mean areas i.e., 1.53 mm². More variance in petal and leaves measurement was observed and was directly proportional to sunlight and temperature. The study also resulted in the fact that total floral parts remain the same each and every time with the range 10 petals, 10 sepals, 5 stamens, and 5 carpels. These findings point toward the genetic and environmental roles underlying the morphological diversity of G. rigens, illuminating its ecological adaptability as well as ornamental value.

[Reena Aqil, Romana Batool, Sajida Amir, Sahiba Khatoon, Waqar Hussain, Noreen Batool, Aiman Zahra, Tika Khan. Allomorphic Characterization of Gazania rigens  (Treasure Flower) from Gilgit, Pakistan. World Rural Observ 2024;16(4):22-30]. ISSN: 1944-6543 (Print); ISSN: 1944-6551 (Online). http://www.sciencepub.net/rural. 03. doi:10.7537/marswro160424.03

Keywords: Morphometry; Allometry; Gazania rigens; Hybridization; Ornamental; Environmental plasticity

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Antibiogram Types Of Staphylococcus Aureus Isolated From Nostrils Of Primary School Pupils In Abuja Metropolis, Nigeria

Philips Ogbeide ORHUE¹, Comfort Ojochenemi JOHN¹, Uwaifoh AKPAMU^2*

¹Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma, Nigeria.

²Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Federal University Oye-Ekiti, Oye-Ekiti, Nigeria.

*Corresponding author: uwaifoh.akpamu@fuoye.edu.ng; Phone number: +2348032770151.

Abstract: Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) infestation is gaining public health importance owing to high morbidity and mortality risks and involvement of several factors in its colonization and antimicrobial susceptibility. With the rising population situation in Nigeria’s capital city, the prevalence is hypothesized to be changing. This study therefore determines the nasal carriage rate of S. aureus, antimicrobial sensitivity and antibiogram pattern among primary school pupils in Abuja metropolis. This school-based cross-sectional study obtained nasal swab from consented pupils using sterile cotton swabs moistened with sterile normal saline. Identification of S. aureus was carried out using standard techniques and via standard methods of culturing on Mannitol salt Agar media. Antibiogram was determined by the disc diffusion method using 21 antibiotics. The data were analyzed using simple descriptive statistics. Overall, 45.7% of the sampled 151 pupils yielded significant S. aureus growth, highest among 11-12 (51.7%) age group. The isolates were mostly sensitivity to Augmentine (87.0%), Cefotaxime (85.5%), Ofloxacin (79.7%) and Gentamycin (76.8%) but less sensitive to Ampicillin (10.1%), Amoxicillin (11.6%) and Tetracycline (13.0%). The aminoglycosides (29%), beta-lactams (24.2%) and Cephalosporins (20.6%) have the highest sensitivities while penicillin group (2.1%) had the least. Ajumali’s mnemonic coding showed 30.4% multidrug-resistant with the most sensitive strain as 0776777 and most resistant strains were 0200000 and 0200020 and 0200006. This finding showed high prevalence and multi-drug resistant S. aureus among the pupils with significant strain diversity. These findings call for the need of periodic studies of this nature in different communities to shed light on the relevance of the current antibiotics in use.

[Philips Ogbeide ORHUE, Comfort Ojochenemi JOHN, Uwaifoh AKPAMU. Antibiogram Types Of Staphylococcus Aureus Isolated From Nostrils Of Primary School Pupils In Abuja Metropolis, Nigeria. World Rural Observ 2024;16(4):31-42]. ISSN: 1944-6543 (Print); ISSN: 1944-6551 (Online). http://www.sciencepub.net/rural. 04. doi:10.7537/marswro160424.04

Key words: Antibiotic sensitivity; Staphylococcus aureus; Antibiogram; Ajumali’s mnemonic coding; Primary school children

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