No.

Titles / Authors /Abstracts

Full Text

No.

1

The Risks of Agricultural Work Facing Growers in Tattai Village in Gharbia Governorate: (Social Study)

Engy Khairy Faied^* and Amany Said Elkholy

Agricultural Extension & Rural Development Research Institute (AERDRI), Agricultural Research Center, Cairo, Egypt.

* email: engyfaied@arc.sci.eg

Abstract: This research attempts to identify the respondents' experiences with the circumstances of working in their small farms by archiving the main objective: Identifying the risks in the agricultural work facing growers in Tattai Village in Gharbia Governorate. This main objective was achieved by investigating a number of related sub-objectives covering some types of agricultural work risks growers face, including identifying the respondents' opinions on the risks they face in their small farms. In addition, the study aims to identify the respondents' opinions on the authorities concerned with the risks of agricultural work, as well as the respondents' suggestions for facing agricultural work risks. Finally, this study aims to determine the respondents' opinions on the country's efforts to address agricultural work risks. This study was conducted on a random sample of 97 growers in Tattai Village, Gharbia governorate; data were collected using a pretested questionnaire via a personal interview during September 2021. Data were analyzed and expressed using Frequencies, percentages, means, standard deviation. The main findings revealed that the respondents were moderately affected by various risks, including environmental, economic, social, and health risks. These findings demonstrate the critical need for a strategy to manage risks in small farms. In contrast, the results indicate that the state made efforts to address the risks of agricultural work and activate the role of various institutions to reduce the severity of the risks in agricultural work small farmers face, such as the decent life initiative (Hayah Karima).

[Engy Khairy Faied and Amany Said Elkholy. The Risks of Agricultural Work Facing Growers in Tattai Village in Gharbia Governorate: (Social Study). World Rural Observ 2022;14(4):1-9]. ISSN: 1944-6543 (Print); ISSN: 1944-6551 (Online). http://www.sciencepub.net/rural. 01. doi:10.7537/marswro140422.01.

Keywords: Risks; agriculture; work; opinions; suggestions

Full Text

1

2

Study on Indian society of Rural Area

Dr. Nandni Gautam

Mig 137 Mahirishi Dayananand Vihar Face 1, Indranagar Kanpur-208026, Uttar Pradesh (India)

Email: nandniravi86@gmail.com

Abstract: - India is one of the rapidly urbanizing nations but still, the majority of the Indian population (61% according to the 2011 Indian census) living in rural areas, rural development is very important for the effective development of the country, they also contribute to the 46% of the national income. In India, the majority of rural areas are crippled with many problems that are acting as barriers to the development of rural areas. The main objective of this research paper is to study and understand the problems and challenges in rural areas which are existing, to discuss and describe the factors for the occurrence of these problems in rural areas. These problems impose their harmful effects on the living conditions of the people and are affecting as a barrier to growth and development. This study helps us to understand the causes of the backwardness of the rural areas and also guides us to the measures, which should be taken by the government to improve the living conditions of the people and the importance of developing the rural system for the overall development of the country.

[Gautam, N. Study on Indian society of Rural Area. World Rural Observ 2022;14(4):10-12]. ISSN: 1944-6543 (Print); ISSN: 1944-6551 (Online). http://www.sciencepub.net/rural. 02. doi:10.7537/marswro140422.02.

Keywords: Indian Society, Socio-Economic, Sociology, Rural Area

Full Text

2

3

Using some amino acids and silicon to promote yield quantitatively and quantitatively of superior grapevines

Abd El- Baset, Kh.O. M.Khiamy

Hort. Res. Instit. ARC, Giza, Egypt

Abstract: During 2020, 2021 seasons, Superior grapevines were treated three times with potassium silicate and / or Amino acids each at 0.05 to 0.2%. The merit of this study was examining the effect of single and combined application of K-silicate and Amino acids at different concentration on growth , yield and fruiting of superior grapevines.

Treating the vines with K-silicate and / or Amino acids three times at 0.05 to 0.2% was very effective in enhancing growth aspects , leaf pigments, nutrients, yield and both physical and chemical characteristics of the berries over the control treatment. The promotion was associated with increasing the concentration.

Negligible promotion on these parameters was observed among the higher tow concentrations namely 0.1 and 0.2%

Using Amino acids was greatly superior than using K-silicate in all parameters.

Conclusively: According to the obtained data It is suggested to use a mixture of k-silicate and Amino acids each at 0.1% three times at growth start, just after berry setting and at one month later gave the best results with regard to yield and berries quality of superior grapevines.

[Abd El- Baset, Kh.O. M.Khiamy, Using some amino acids and silicon to promote yield quantitatively and quantitatively of superior grapevines World Rural Observ 2022;14(4):13-20]. ISSN: 1944-6543 (Print); ISSN: 1944-6551 (Online). http://www.sciencepub.net/rural. 03. doi:10.7537/marswro140422.03.

Key words: Superior grapevines- K- silicate – Amino acids- yield- fruit quality.

Full Text

3

4

FARMERS’ ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE IN KWARA STATE, NIGERIA

Popoola Olufemi Adebola and Adeoti Adetola

Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Ibadan, Nigeria

Email: adebolastephens@gmail.com

ABSTRACT: The study examined farmers’ adaptation to climate change in Kwara State. Primary data were collected with the aid of well structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, principal component analysis and the multinomial logit analysis. Results show the mean age of sampled farmers is 52 years. The study shows that farmers’ are largely aged and have no formal education. The planting of legumes, improved varieties and reduction in farm size were adopted by half of the farmers. Planting of leguminous crop and planting of improved variety. Irrigation and planting of canopy trees are the least used strategies. Education, economic and infrastructural factors are significant variables influencing the choice of adaptation options irrespective of the strategy. The use of farmer field schools is therefore important in improving adoption of adaptation strategies and provision of irrigation facilities is recommended.

[Popoola Olufemi Adebola and Adeoti Adetola. M.Khiamy, FARMERS’ ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE IN KWARA STATE, NIGERIA. World Rural Observ 2022;14(4):21-28]. ISSN: 1944-6543 (Print); ISSN: 1944-6551 (Online). http://www.sciencepub.net/rural. 04. doi:10.7537/marswro140422.04.

Key words:  Adaptation, Climate change, Multinomial logit, Kwara State

Full Text

4

5

Effect of inorganic and organic selenium on performance of dairy Zaraibi goats and their suckling kids

Mostafa Mohamed El-Nahrawy¹, Mahmoud El-Sayed El-Gendy¹, Kotb Fath Elbab El-Riedy¹, Mohsen Abd El-Aziz Zommara² and Mohamed Abed Ghanimah²

¹ Animal Production Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.

² Department of Dairy Science, Fac. of Agric., Kafrelsheikh Univ., Kafr El-Sheikh, 33516, Egypt.

mlnahrawy@gmail.com

ABSTRACT: The biological functions of selenium in living organisms are mediated through various selenium proteins. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of adding inorganic versus organic forms of selenium on performance of dairy Zaraibi goats. Thirty Zaraibi goats with average body weight of 42.45±1.25 kg and aged 3-5 years after kidding were divided into three similar groups (10 in each). All goats were fed the basal diet consisted of 50% concentrate (concentrate feed mixture + barley grains) and 50% roughage (fresh berseem + wheat straw). The goats in the first group (control) were fed the basal diet without supplement (G1). The other two groups were supplemented with 0.3 mg Se/kg DM intake as inorganic selenium (sodium selenite) in G2 or organic selenium (selenium yeast) in G3, respectively. Results showed that nutrients digestibility coefficients of DM, OM, CP, CF, EE and NFE as well as feeding values of TDN and DCP were significantly (P≤0.05) higher for G3 compared to G1 with insignificant differences with G2. No significant differences in average daily intake of DMI and CPI among different groups. Meanwhile, the average daily intake of TDN and DCP were greater (P≤0.05) for G3 compared to G1 with insignificant (P≤0.05) differences with G2. Group 3 showed significantly (P≤0.05) the highest yield of actual milk and 4% fat corrected milk (FCM) followed by G2, while G1 had the lowest yield. The contents of fat, solids not fat (SNF) and total solids (TS) were significantly (P≤0.05) higher in G3 compared to G1 with insignificant differences with G2. The highest yield of all milk constituents (fat, protein, lactose, SNF, TS and ash) were detected significantly (P≤0.05) in G3 followed by G2, while the lowest values were in G1. Group 1 recorded significantly (P≤0.05) the highest amounts of DM, TDN, CP and DCP per kg 4% FCM followed by G2, while the lowest values were in G3.Average daily feed cost was nearly similar for different groups, while feed cost per 1 kg 4% FCM was the highest in G1 followed by G2, but G3 had the lowest cost. Group 3 recorded significantly (P≤0.05) the highest output of daily 4% FCM yield, net revenue and economic efficiency followed by G2, however G1 had the lowest values. Number of weaned kids was higher and mortality rate was lower in G3 followed by G2, but G1 had the opposite trend (P≤0.05). Weaning weight (WW), total weight gain (TWG) and average daily gain (ADG) increased significantly (P≤0.05) in G3 compared to control G1, with insignificant differences with G2.Suckled milk as g per kid per day and the cost of suckled milk increased, while suckled milk as kg per kg weight gain decreased with selenium additives without significant differences. Output of ADG, net revenue and economic efficiency expressed as the percentage of net revenue compared to cost of suckled milk increased significantly (P≤0.05) with inorganic and organic selenium additives in G2 and G3 compared to control G1. It could be concluded that inorganic selenium (sodium selenite) and organic selenium (selenium yeast) supplementation for dairy Zaraibi goats at the level of 0.3 mg Se/kg DM intake has led to significant improvement indigestibility, feed intake, milk yield and composition, feed conversion and economic efficiency as well as growth performance of their suckling kids.

[Mostafa Mohamed El-Nahrawy, Mahmoud El-Sayed El-Gendy, Kotb Fath Elbab El-Riedy, Mohsen Abd El-Aziz Zommara and Mohamed Abed Ghanimah, Effect of inorganic and organic selenium on performance of dairy Zaraibi goats and their suckling kids. World Rural Observ 2022;14(4):29-38]. ISSN: 1944-6543 (Print); ISSN: 1944-6551 (Online). http://www.sciencepub.net/rural. 05. doi:10.7537/marswro140422.05.

Keywords: Zaraibi goats, inorganic and organic selenium, digestibility, intake, milk yield and composition, economic efficiency, kids growth.

Full Text

5

6

An Analytical Study to Estimate Water Footprint and Its Economic Effects for Wheat Crop in Egypt

Prof.ali.farag@gmail.com

ABSTRACT:  Wheat is the most important strategic grain crops in Egypt.  The average area with wheat in Egypt is about 3.144 million Feddans (2000-2018). Wheat cultivated area comprises about 45.2% of the total area of the winter crops during (2016 – 2018), which is about 6.953 million Feddans. Under the condition of limited resources in Egypt, Virtual Waters principle considers importing/exporting crops equivalent to importing/exporting water resources from other countries.  Available works used farm-scale experimental data, which didn’t add-up to applicable values. In this work, we use data by CAPMS (Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics; Egypt) to evaluate wheat water footprint in Egypt. The objectives of this work are: to estimate the Overall Water Footprint indicators for the wheat crop, and to estimate the food security coefficient, and the strategic stock for the crop.  In addition, to evaluate the relative value of contribution from local wheat production, wheat imports and the Egyptian agricultural investment abroad in achieving food security for wheat crop in Egypt. The total quantity of virtual waters acquired from imports and Egyptian agricultural investment abroad to achieve the complete level of food security coefficient (1.0) for wheat was estimated. It ranges between the lowest value of 2.9 billion Cubic meters, and highest value of 11.7 billion cubic meters, valued about 3.7 billion Egyptian Pounds, at 95% degree of confidence. Based on the above results, this work recommends the following: 1) Supporting the research authorities to develop a new wheat crop which require less quantities of irrigation water. 2) implementation of modern irrigation systems that reduce irrigation water losses in agriculture.  And 3) Adopting  agricultural policy that balances between the local production, trade and the external agricultural investment together with optimization of the return from the water unit used in the agricultural .

[Dr. A. F. Hassan, Dr. Doaa Fattouh Abdel-Salam, Dr. Nabil M. Anwar. An Analytical Study to Estimate Water Footprint and Its Economic Effects for Wheat Crop in Egypt. World Rural Observ 2022;14(4):39-53]. ISSN: 1944-6543 (Print); ISSN: 1944-6551 (Online). http://www.sciencepub.net/rural. 06. doi:10.7537/marswro140422.06.

Keywords: Wheat Water Footprint

Full Text

6

7

Heavy Metal Contamination of Pleurotus Tuberregium Sclerotia (Osu) Consumed in Enugu, South East Nigeria

Ogbuabor Alphonsus Ogbonna^*1 and Ogbuabor Daniel Chukwuemeka¹

^*1Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Enugu State University of Science and Technology, Enugu State, Nigeria.

¹Department of Health Administration and Management, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Enugu State, Nigeria.

Correspondence: ogbuaborao@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT: Heavy metal contamination of food is a global public health problem especially in developing countries.  The WHO 2015 report on global burden of food contamination stated that an estimated 600 million people are affected resulting in 420,000 deaths annually with children under 5 years of age constituting 40% of burden and 125,000 deaths annually.The present study was aimed at determining the concentrations of Nickel (Ni), Cadmium (Cd), Lead (Pb) and Chromium (Cr) in some samples of wild type pleurotus tuberregium sclerotia consumed in Enugu, Southeast Nigeria. Heavy metal concentrations were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS 240FS) Varian, Varian Inc, Japan.  The range for concentration of Nickel was (3.29+0.63-3.67+0.00), Cd (0.002+0.01-0.005+0.0), Pb(0.04+0.03)-0.07+0.02) and Cr(0.46+0.26-1.0+0.62),ppm respectively. These are within the WHO tolerable concentrations of Ni, Cd, Pb and Cr in food.These findings shows that pleurotus tuberregium sclerotia consumed in Enugu has lower concentrations of heavy metals compared to the WHO recommended values.

[Dr. A. F. Hassan, Dr. Doaa Fattouh Abdel-Salam, Dr. Nabil M. Anwar. An Analytical Study to Estimate Water Footprint and Its Economic Effects for Wheat Crop in Egypt. World Rural Observ 2022;14(4):54-56]. ISSN: 1944-6543 (Print); ISSN: 1944-6551 (Online). http://www.sciencepub.net/rural. 07. doi:10.7537/marswro140422.07.

Key Words: Pleurotus tuberregium sclerotia, Heavy metals, Enugu, Health

Full Text

7

8

ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF CATTLE PASTEURELLOSIS IN ASOSSA AND BAMBASI DISTRICTS, WESTERN, ETHIOPIA

Asmamaw Aki  Jano* and Endalkachew Mekonnen

Assosa, Regional Veterinary Laboratory, P.O. Box 326, Assosa, Ethiopia;

asmamawaki@gmail.com, phone: 0902330029

Abstract:  The study was conducted from Nov 2021 to May 2021 in Bambasi and Assosa districts, western Ethiopia. The objective was to isolate mannhemia and pasteurella species, and to assess the associated risk factors from cattle, and antibiotic susceptibility profile of the isolates. The bacteriological examination revealed, 134/384 (34.89%) overall isolates of Pasteurellosis. 21.6% M. haemolytica, 9.63% P. multocida and 3.6% B. trehalosi of pastuerella species were isolated by culturing and biochemical tests. The higher isolation rate of M. haemolytica, indicated as major cause in the study area. Age was found to be potential risk factors in which young animals were highly affected. The antimicrobial susceptibility profile of the isolates were carried out using disc diffusion method used. The isolates were susceptible to most of the antibiotic disks used such as amoxicillin, chloramphenicol, cephalexin, polymyxin-B and kanamycin and florifenicol. However, resistance was observed to Tetracycline, Erythromycin, and Penicillin G. Thus, an integrated application of overall management and vaccination should be implemented as prevention and control measures. Therefore, strict measures like proper vaccination and antibiogram test to select effective drugs should be regularly  implemented.

[Asmamaw Aki  Jano* and Endalkachew Mekonnen. ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF CATTLE PASTEURELLOSIS IN ASOSSA AND BAMBASI DISTRICTS, WESTERN, ETHIOPIA. World Rural Observ 2022;14(4):57-67]. ISSN: 1944-6543 (Print); ISSN: 1944-6551 (Online). http://www.sciencepub.net/rural. 08. doi:10.7537/marswro140422.08.

Key words: Asossa, Bambasi, Cattle, M. haemolytica, P. multocida, B. trehalosi

Full Text

8

9

An Economic Study of the Impact of Climate Change on the Rice Productivity in Egypt

Rasha Saleh Mansour^*1, Aml Mohamed Ameen Hasan¹

*Corresponding author: mamdouhelbadry2000@yahoo.com

¹Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Economy Research Institute, Giza, Egypt

ABSTRACT: Achieving of the food security is one of the most important economic problems that threaten economic and social development in Egypt, through the imbalance between supply and demand, thus the occurrence of a food gap due to the increase in food demand as a result of the increase in the population growth rate, in addition to the inability to increase agricultural production to meet the increases demand of food. The inability of production to meet the growing needs leads to increases the imports of crops and food commodities, and an increase in the deficit in the Egyptian trade and agricultural balance. The cereal crops are the most important strategic crops for achieving food security and meeting the needs of the population in terms of demand for them. The agricultural production of these crops is affected by climatic changes by negatively affect of agricultural production (CAPMAS). In this paper i examine how the Climate Change affected on the rice productivity in Egypt, with the aim of determining the extent to which productivity has changed due to climate change in Egypt, using the Autoregressive Distributed lagged Model (ARDL), where it was found that there is an inverse relationship between climate changes and the rice productivity. The results indicates that a similar negative impact of the maximum temperature change on the rice productivity in the long term, which is consistent with an economic theory.

[Rasha Saleh Mansour, Aml Mohamed Ameen Hasan. An Economic Study of the Impact of Climate Change on the Rice Productivity in Egypt. World Rural Observ 2022;14(4):68-77]. ISSN: 1944-6543 (Print); ISSN: 1944-6551 (Online). http://www.sciencepub.net/rural. 09. doi:10.7537/marswro140422.09.

Keywords: Economic; Study; Impact; Climate; Change; Rice Productivity

Full Text

9