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Cropland Suitability Analysis

Mustapha Aliyu; Halilu A. Shaba; Ibilewa Dada; Sadiya Baba; Bala A Muhammad; O.J. Imhanfidon

National Space Research and Development Agency (NASRDA), Abuja, Nigeria

Correspondent: Email: alialmusty@gmail.com

Abstract: The wider cognizance of the significance of spatial elements considered in decision-making process, be it agricultural or other forms of land uses, has made Spatial Multi Criteria Analysis to receive greater placement as a tool in decision making. In this study, Land Suitability Assessment using Analytic Network Process, was conducted in Igabi, Kaduna State, Nigeria. The sequence commenced by subdividing the study area into 9 zones and used for all the evaluations, since a block of land is most likely to have uniform characteristics. A GIS technique called Locational Suitability Assessment also referred to as Site Selection, was conducted to produce Compatible Cropping Area (CCA). This is the suitable cropping area in terms of terrain and compatibility with other Land Uses, after extracting all constraints. Then the CCA was subjected to Land Suitability and Capability Analysis (LSCA) i.e. the soil biochemical and physical characteristics of each zone. The parameters requested were the prescription of Food and Agricultural organization. Using the LSCA and climatic factors, pairwise comparison technique was conducted on experts with formal knowledge in agriculture related sciences to determine the most suitable crops for each of the zones. The results revealed that onion is the most suitable to be grown in all the zones except zones G, H and I, where it became the second most suitable after cassava. However, cassava is only prioritized in these three (3) zones. This is the same with potato, which is placed as the third prioritized crop in the G, H and I  zones. Peanut is also among the most suitable crops in all the zones. All the four (4) crops identified as prioritized crops in one zone or the other i.e. onions, cassava, potato and peanut are tubar crops. Conversely, yam which is also a tubar crop does not fall within the prioritized crops. Other crops identified as next prioritized crops in the A, B, C, D, E and F zones include millet, sorghum and cowpea. The expert’s opinion of the 4 experts, were compared to one another using inferential and discriptive statistics. It was obtained that there is no significant difference among the expert’s opinions.

[Mustapha Aliyu; Halilu A. Shaba; Ibilewa Dada; Sadiya Baba; Bala A Muhammad; O.J. Cropland Suitability Analysis. World Rural Observ 2022;14(1):1-8]. ISSN: 1944-6543 (Print); ISSN: 1944-6551 (Online). http://www.sciencepub.net/rural. 1. doi:10.7537/marswro140122.01.

Keywords: cognizance; spatial; element; decision-making process; agricultural; land; Spatial Multi Criteria Analysis; millet; sorghum; cowpea

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Epidemiology of Bovine Trypanosomosis in Assosa and Bambasi Districts of Benishangul Gumuz Region, Western Ethiopia

Birhanu Eticha¹, Mussie H/Melekot², Yechale Teshome²

1 Benishangul Gumuz Region Bureau of Agriculture and Natural Resource, e-mail: brihanueticha12@gmail.com; P.O. Box 30, Assosa, Ethiopia

2 Bahir Dar University, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia

Abstract: A cross-sectional study was undertaken from November 2018 to March 2019 with the objectives to estimate seasonal prevalence of bovine trypanosomosis and to identify the major putative risk factors associated with bovine trypanosomosis in Assosa and Bambasi districts of Benishangul Gumuz region. One-stage cluster sampling strategy was used to select study animals. Blood samples were collected from ear vein of 1,562 head of cattle, 790 in the late rainy season and 772 in the dry period and examined with buffy coat technique; the overall prevalence of trypanosomosis was 7.7% in the late rainy season and 4.8% in the dry period with significant variation (P<0.05). The risk factors; district in the late rainy season as well as season were significantly associated (P<0.05) with bovine trypanosomosis while rural kebele, age, sex, body condition were not significant. Three species of trypanosomes were detected during the study, namely T. congolense (64%), T. vivax (21.3%), T. brucei (1.6%) and mixed infection (13.1%) in the late rainy season and T. congolense (75.7%), T. vivax (13.5%) and mixed infection (10.8%) in the dry season; T. congolense being the predominant species followed by T. vivax. The mean Packed cell volume of trypanosome infected cattle (23.05±3.40) was significantly lower (P<0.05) when compared to that of non-infected ones (27.73±4.61) in the late rainy season; similarly, it was significantly lower (P<0.05) in parasitemic cattle (23.54±2.58) than aparasitemic ones (28.15±4.58) in the dry season. In conclusion, the parasitological findings revealed that bovine trypanososmosis is widely distributed and endemic in Assosa and Bambasi districts of Benishangul Gumuz region hence designing participatory and integrated control measures including regular surveillance, community based vector prevention and control should be implemented to mitigate the problem.

[Birhanu Eticha, Mussie H/Melekot, Yechale Teshome. Epidemiology of Bovine Trypanosomosis in Assosa and Bambasi Districts of Benishangul Gumuz Region, Western Ethiopia. World Rural Observ 2022;14(1):9-21]. ISSN: 1944-6543 (Print); ISSN: 1944-6551 (Online). http://www.sciencepub.net/rural. 2. doi:10.7537/marswro140122.02.

Keywords: Benishangul Gumuz, Bovine, Epidemiology, Season, Trypanosomosis

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Isolation And Identification Of Cattle Pasteurellosis In Asossa And Bambasi Districts, Western, Ethiopia

Asmamaw Aki Jano

Assosa, Regional Veterinary Laboratory, P.O. Box 326, Assosa, Ethiopia; asmamawaki@gmail.com, phone: 0902330029

Abstract: The study was conducted from Nov 2021 to May 2021 in Bambasi and Assosa districts, western Ethiopia. The objective was to isolate mannhemia and pasteurella species, and to assess the associated risk factors from cattle, and antibiotic susceptibility profile of the isolates. The bacteriological examination revealed, 134/384 (34.89%) overall isolates of Pasteurellosis. 21.6% M. haemolytica, 9.63% P. multocida and 3.6% B. trehalosi of pastuerella species were isolated by culturing and biochemical tests. The higher isolation rate of M. haemolytica, indicated as major cause in the study area. Age was found to be potential risk factors in which young animals were highly affected. The antimicrobial susceptibility profile of the isolates were carried out using disc diffusion method used. The isolates were susceptible to most of the antibiotic disks used such as amoxicillin, chloramphenicol, cephalexin, polymyxin-B and kanamycin and florifenicol. However, resistance was observed to Tetracycline, Erythromycin, and Penicillin G. Thus, an integrated application of overall management and vaccination should be implemented as prevention and control measures. Therefore, strict measures like proper vaccination and antibiogram test to select effective drugs should be regularly implemented.

[Asmamaw Aki Jano. Isolation And Identification Of Cattle Pasteurellosis In Asossa And Bambasi Districts, Western, Ethiopia. World Rural Observ 2022;14(1):22-31]. ISSN: 1944-6543 (Print); ISSN: 1944-6551 (Online).  http://www.sciencepub.net/rural. 3. doi:10.7537/marswro140122.03.

Key words: Asossa, Bambasi, Cattle, M. haemolytica, P. multocida, B. trehalosi

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An Econometric Study of Marine Fish Farming: By Using the Simultaneous Equations Model

Dr. Maha Safwat Ahmed Hassan¹ and Dr. Hadil Taher Hassanain²

¹Researcher, Agricultural Economics Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Cairo, Egypt

²Assistant Professor of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Egypt Msh_20102008@yahoo.com, hadil.taher@gmail.com

Abstract: In Egypt, Fisheries is one of the most important sources of national income. The value of fish production was about 61.1 billion L.E in 2019, by annual increase rate by 26.5% compared by 2018. Also quantity of fish production was 2 million tons in 2019, by annual increase rate by 5.3% compared by 2018. Fish is an important source of food and can be relied upon to meet the continuous increase in the population's needs of animal protein as an alternative to other protein sources. Although the state possesses a large surface of water, but this is not sufficiently exploited. This led to the existence of a fish gap as a result of technical difficulties and some production and marketing problems. So that this study aimed to evaluate the productive activity of fish farming generally and marine fish farming particularly by studying and evaluating the most important factors that affect fish production and the inputs used for producing the most important marine species under the study which are: Gilthead sea bream, European sea bass, Mullet and Toubar fish. The study achieved that the relative importance of sources of the fish production according to its total production indicated to the importance of fish farming, as its production represented 74%, Followed by fish production from lakes, which represented 12%, Then the average of fish production from seas, which represented about 7.9%, Finally, the Nile River's production contributed by 5.25% of the average of total fish production during the study period, which was about 1513 thousand tons. In addition, Average of fish production from the governmental farms was about 10.36 thousand tons by an annual increase rate represented about 3.29%. The average of fish production from national farms was about 929.5 thousand tons by an annual increase rate represented about 7.59%. Average of fish production from condensed farms was about 2.59 thousand tons with an annual increase rate represented about 2.38%. Average of fish production from floating cages was about 179.2 thousand tons by an annual increase rate represented about 9.3%.

[Maha Safwat Ahmed Hassan and Hadil Taher Hassanain. An Econometric Study of Marine Fish Farming: By Using the Simultaneous Equations Model. World Rural Observ 2022;14(1):32-46]. ISSN: 1944-6543 (Print); ISSN: 1944-6551 (Online). http://www.sciencepub.net/rural. 4. doi:10.7537/marswro140122.04.

Key words: Econometric, Marine, Simultaneous, Fish Farming.

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Performance And Organ Weight Of Broiler Chickens Fed Graded Levels Of Mixture Of Ocimum Gratissimum And Vernoniaamygdalina Leaf Meal-Based Diets

¹Umoru, J. I. A. and ²Agbaye F. P.

¹Federal College of Education (Technical) Akoka, Lagos

²Lagos State Polytechnic, Ikorodu, Lagos.

Telephone contact: 08102180800, 08158191750. E-mail: jiumaru@yahoo.com

Abstract: Performance and organ weight of 150 broiler chickens of Abor Acre strain were investigated in a feeding experiment in a completely randomized design that lasted for eight weeks at the Teaching and Research Farm of Department of Agricultural Education, Federal College of Education (Technical) Akoka, Lagos Nigeria. The birds were randomly allotted to five dietary treatment groups, control groups (birds fed basal diet only) and 4 treatment groups (birds fed D1, D2, D3 and D4 containing 25g, 50g, 75g and 100g mixtures of Ocimum gratisamun and Vernonia amygdalina leaf meal respectively in 25kg basal diet) in a completely randomized design with three replicates per group containing 10 birds per replicate. The study showed that mixture of Ocinium gratissmum and Vernonia amygdalina leaf meal in equal proportion did not significantly increased daily feed consumption and improved efficiency of broiler chickens at finisher stage. However, the percentage weight of gizzard and abdominal far was significantly (p<0.05) increased while the heart and length of intestine were significantly (p<0.05) reduced.

[Umoru, J. I. A. Agbaye F. P. Performance And Organ Weight Of Broiler Chickens Fed Graded Levels Of Mixture Of Ocimum Gratissimum And Vernoniaamygdalina Leaf Meal-Based Diets. World Rural Observ 2022;14(1):47-51]. ISSN: 1944-6543 (Print); ISSN: 1944-6551 (Online). http://www.sciencepub.net/rural. 5. doi:10.7537/marswro140122.05.

Keywords: Ocimum gratissmum, Veronia amygdalina, leaf meal, broiler chickens

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Status Analysis of China's Furniture Export to Countries of  “One belt, one road”

Song Caiping, Li Tingting^*

Guangdong University of Science & Technology

*Correspondence author: Email: 781649110@qq.com

Abstract: Furniture manufacturing industry is an important pillar of China's light industry. The current situation of Chinese furniture exports is dissected first. Then, the overall trade of China’s furniture export to countries of “One belt, one road” is analyzed, and the China’s export market structure to countries of “One belt, One road” is studied, and preliminary conclusions are drawn.

[Song Caiping, Li Tingting. Status Analysis of China's Furniture Export to Countries of  “One belt, one road”. World Rural Observ 2022;14(1):52-57]. ISSN: 1944-6543 (Print); ISSN: 1944-6551 (Online). http://www.sciencepub.net/rural. 6. doi:10.7537/marswro140122.06.

Key words: One belt, one road; Furniture; Export trade

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Effect Of Phosphorus Fertilizer Rates And Plant Density On Yield And Yield Related Traits Of Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) In Dangur District, North- Western Ethiopia

Argeta Obssi, Dr. Jamal abdulahi (PHD), Tamado Tana (PHD)

Haramaya University, Haramaya

Abstract: Common bean production is constrained partly due to lack of recommendation on the optimum plant density and rate of phosphorus fertilizer. In view of this, a field experiment was conducted in Dangur district during 2016 cropping season to determine the effect of phosphorus rate and plant density on yield related traits and yield of common bean. The experiment consisted of five level of phosphorus (0, 23, 46, 69 and 92 kg P₂O₅ ha^-1) and four levels of plant densities (333333, 250000, 222222 and 166667 plants ha^-1). The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design in a factorial arrangement with three replications. Results showed significant main effect of phosphorous rates on days to 90% physiological maturity, leaf area, leaf area index, number of primary branches and total aboveground biomass yield. The highest leaf area (2206 cm²), leaf area index (5.25), number of primary branches (6.75) and total aboveground biomass yield (10021 kg ha^-1) were recorded from 46 kg P₂O₅ ha^-1; the highest total nodules (52.77) and total effective nodules (50.32) were at 92 kg P₂O₅ ha^-1; while highest days to 90% physiological maturity (91.87days) was recorded at the rate of 0 kg P₂O₅ ha^-1 (control). Plant density had significant effect on days to 90% physiological maturity, leaf area, leaf area index, number of primary branches, plant height and total aboveground biomass yield. The highest days to 90% physiological maturity (91.49 days), leaf area (2212 cm²) and number of primary branches (5.63) were recorded from plant density 166,667 plants ha^-1; while the highest leaf area index (6.17), plant height (153.6 cm) and total aboveground biomass yield (9283 kg ha^-1) were recorded from plant density 333,333 plants ha^-1. There was significant (P<0.05) interaction effect of phosphorus and plant density on number of pod plant^-1, number of seeds pod^-1, grain yield and harvest index. The highest number of pod plant^--1(28.33), number of seeds pod^-1 (8.00), grain yield (3333 kg ha^-1 and harvest index (37.19%) were recorded from combination of 46 kg P₂O₅ ha^-1and 166.667 plants ha^-1, moreover the highest net benefit (27772 Birr ha^-1) was recorded from combination of 46 kg P₂O₅ ha^-1and 166.667 plants ha^-1. Thus, use of plant density 166.667 plants ha^-1 with 46 kg P₂O₅ ha^-1 was found to give highest economic benefit in the study area.

[Argeta Obssi, Dr. Jamal abdulahi (PHD), Tamado Tana (PHD). Effect Of Phosphorus Fertilizer Rates And Plant Density On Yield And Yield Related Traits Of Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) In Dangur District, North- Western Ethiopia. World Rural Observ 2022;14(1):58-85]. ISSN: 1944-6543 (Print); ISSN: 1944-6551 (Online). http://www.sciencepub.net/rural. 7. doi:10.7537/marswro140122.07.

 Keywords: Phaseolus vulgaris, Phosphorus fertilizers, plant density

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Performance, Serum Biochemical And Haematological Response Of Broiler Chicken Fed Mixture Of Ginger (Zingiber Officinale) And Garlic (Allium Sativum) In Diets

¹Umoru, J. I. A. and ²Agbaye F. P.

¹Federal College of Education (Technical) Akoka, Lagos

²Lagos State Polytechnic, Ikorodu, Lagos.

Abstract: Performance, serum biochemical and haematological response of broiler chicken fed mixture of ginger (Zingiber officinale) and garlic (Allium sativum) in diets was investigated in a feeding trials using completely randomised design that lasted for eight weeks. A total of 135 1-day broiler chicks of Abor acre strain were randomly allotted to three dietary treatments of 45 chicks per treatment and replicated 15 chicks per treatment Three isocaloric and isonitrogenous diets were formulated and fed. Control diet was without mixture of ginger and garlic. The two other diets were T₁ 7.5g Ginger plus 7.5g Garlic mixture/25kgdiet and T₂ 15g Ginger plus 15g Garlic mixture/25kgdiet. The experimental diets were offered to the respective birds with water ad libitum. The body weight gain (Kg) feed intake and feed conversion ratio (FCR) of birds control, T₁ and T₂ respectively were similar (p> 0.05). Birds on diet. T₂ recorded the highest live ability percentage (96 Mixture of ginger and garlic in ratio 1:1 up to 7.5g each in 25kg diets slightly but insignificantly (p>0,05) increased performance body weight gain and live ability improved feed conversion ratio (FRC) but reduced feed intake. Variation in the experimental diets had no significant (p>0.05) difference on serum biochemical and haematological indices except for Glucose and Alkaline Phosphate, and White Blood Cell count Lymphocytes and Basophil which showed significant (p<0.05) difference with the level mixture of ginger and garlic ip diets. Mixture of ginger and garlic in the diets of broiler chicken had no adverse effect on the serum biochemical and haematological indices.

[Umoru, J. I. A. and  Agbaye F. P. Performance, Serum Biochemical And Haematological Response Of Broiler Chicken Fed Mixture Of Ginger (Zingiber Officinale) And Garlic (Allium Sativum) In Diets. World Rural Observ 2022;14(1):86-90]. ISSN: 1944-6543 (Print); ISSN: 1944-6551 (Online). http://www.sciencepub.net/rural. 8. doi:10.7537/marswro140122.08..

Keywords: performance body weight, serum biochemial and haematological indices, Allium sativum, Zingiber officinale

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An economic study for the Impact of COVID 19 on the marketing for some horticultural crops in Egypt

Dr. Hisham Ahmed Abdel Rahim and Dr. Monera Galal El Naggar

Senior Researcher Agricultural Economics Research Institute - Agricultural Research Center- Egypt

Dr_Hesham76@yahoo.com, mony.galal@hotmail.com

Abstract: The research aims to identify effects of the spread of Covid-19 on the marketing activity of the wholesaler and retailer for vegetable and fruit crops. The most important results for vegetables are that the demand was increased for both potatoes and onions; they were about 11% for each. For the types of fruits that were in high demand, they were lemons, oranges and guavas, where the demand for them increased by 49%, 42%, 13%, respectively. The vegetables, whose wholesale prices decreased, were turnips and carrots, tomatoes, and secondary vegetables such as broccoli by about 35%, 32%, and 20%, respectively. Types of vegetables, whose prices have increased, were potatoes, tomatoes and onions, at a rate of 13% for each. For types of fruits the prices of which rose were lemons, oranges and guavas, as their prices increased by 37%, 30%, 30%, respectively. It showed that the most important problems were confusion of working movement in the market on the first day of the curfew, which represented about 67% of the opinions of wholesalers .Related to fruit traders there were lack of permits for the movement of buyers, farmers and retailers during the curfew period, which represents about 80% of the opinions of wholesalers. The results showed that 27% of the retailers of vegetables think an increasing in demand for some types of vegetables, while 53% of decreased. It was found that the most important problems they faced were closing shops at the time of the crisis, it was about 60% of the opinions. The study  suggests it shouldn’t stop the economic activity represents about 47%, Providing soft loans to merchants in the event of any measures being applied in the future by 25% from their opinions.

[Hisham Ahmed Abdel Rahim and Monera Galal El Naggar. An economic study for the Impact of COVID 19 on the marketing for some horticultural crops in Egypt. World Rural Observ 2022;14(1):91-104]. ISSN: 1944-6543 (Print); ISSN: 1944-6551 (Online). http://www.sciencepub.net/rural. 9. doi:10.7537/marswro140122.09.

Keywords: Covid- 19, vegetables, Fruits, impact, price, wholesaler, retail

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