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Role of amino acids as plant bio-stimulants (Review)

Mohamed E. El-Awadi; Mona G. Dawood and Esmat A. H Assan

Department of Botany, National Research Centre, Dokki, Post Code 12622, Cairo, Egypt. Cairo, Egypt

el_awadi@yahoo.com

Abstract: The world’s agricultural systems require two balanced needs: 1. raising food productivity per unit area of farmland for supporting the progressive increase in people increase, and 2. improving the production system to reduce the unfavorable effect on human health and environment. To recognize such two targets, farmers and scientists present many of sustainability methods, one of them using natural components known a sbiostimulants that able to promote plant growth and development. Biostimulants defined as substances that in few quantities promote plant growth and stress recovery. There are many definitions depending on the role of these constituents. Biostimulants was classified to different categories namely; humic acid substances, complex organic substances, beneficial chemical substances, inorganic salts, sea weed extracts, derivatives of chitosan and chitin, anti-transpirants, products containing hormones, free amino acids, small peptides and other nitrogenous compounds. In this year, global market of biostimulants reached to2, 241million$, with 12.5% annual growth from 2013-2018.

[Mohamed E. El-Awadi; Mona G. Dawood and Esmat A. H Assan. Role of amino acids as plant bio-stimulants (Review). World Rural Observ 2019;11(4):1-12]. ISSN: 1944-6543 (Print); ISSN: 1944-6551 (Online). http://www.sciencepub.net/rural. 1. doi:10.7537/marswro110419.01.

Keywords: Amino Acids, Bio-Stimulants, plant

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Effect of different insecticides on population rate of whitefly in Gossypium hirsutum L.

Irum Waheed¹, Farhat Bano¹, Kainat Fatima¹, Khadija Anwar¹, Aqsa Amin¹, Farwa Farooq¹, Muhammad Afsar Ali Shaker²

¹Department of Zoology, Wildlife and Fisheries University of Agriculture Faisalabad.

²Department of Entomology Bahaudin Zakariya University, Bahadur Sub Campus Layyah.

Corresponding authors email; Farhatbano454@gmail.com

Abstract: Cotton is one of the most valued crop of Pakistan. In Pakistan different insect pests are associated with this crop triggering 30-50% decline in yield of cotton. Whitefly is one of the most disastrous insect, which is responsible for devastation by secreting a sugary material on which sooty mold develop and photosynthetic area of leaves is shortened and become the source of viral disease transfer. To reduce the damage and deleterious effects caused by whitefly use of chemicals is very effective in controlling the population as compared to other control methods. An experiment was performed at Research area, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, one cotton variety (Lalazar) were sown on 30^th May 2018 using Randomized Complete Block Design. The research was initiated to determine the effect of three different insecticides imidacloprid (Confidor 20%SL), thiamethoxam (Actara 25%WG) and acetamiprid (Diamond 20%SP) at their recommended doses. Four treatments and also an untreated area (control) where no chemical was sprayed. The data was taken one day before spray and then after 1,3,5,7 and 15 days after spraying. Data was collected by means of Zig zag method. At the end of research data collected from field was analyzed and results showed that all treatments were efficient in dropping of the whitefly population. Highest mortality rates were observed on plots treated with Imidacloprid and other two insecticides Acetamiprid and thiamethoxam also showed significant results and almost same mortality rates.

[Irum Waheed, Farhat Bano, Kainat Fatima, Khadija Anwar, Aqsa Amin, Farwa Farooq, Muhammad Afsar Ali Shaker. Effect of different insecticides on population rate of whitefly in Gossypium hirsutum L. World Rural Observ 2019;11(4):13-19]. ISSN: 1944-6543 (Print); ISSN: 1944-6551 (Online). http://www.sciencepub.net/rural. 2. doi:10.7537/marswro110419.02.

Key words: whitefly, cotton, insecticides

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Improving performance and quality of faba bean plant via folic acid and α- tocopherol application

Mona G. Dawood, Mohamed E. El-Awadi, Karima M. Gamal El-Din, Mervat Sh. Sadak. Magda. A. Shalaby

Department of Botany, National Research Centre, Dokki, Post Code 12622, Cairo, Egypt. Cairo, Egypt

monagergis@yahoo.com

Abstract: Field experiment was carried out at the experimental station of Agricultural Production and Research Station, National Research Centre, El Nubaria Province, El Behaira Governorate, Egypt during two successive winter seasons (2014/2015) and (2015/2016) to evaluate the effect of foliar application of folic acid and α-tocopherol at different concentrations (200, 400, 600 mg/l) on the growth and seed quantity and quality of two faba bean cultivars (Maser 3 and Nubaria 2). Results show that all applied treatments, either folic acid or α-tocopherol at different concentrations had positive effect on vegetative growth parameters, photosynthetic pigments, seed yield, yield components, nutritive value of the yielded seeds of two faba bean cultivars. α-tocopherol treatments had more pronounced effect than folic acid treatments. α-tocopherol at 600 mg/l was the most effective treatment followed by folic acid at 600 mg/l. it is worthy to mention that, under control treatment, growth of faba bean plants belong to Nubaria 2 cultivar showed more adaptable to sandy soil conditions than that of Misr 3.

[Mona G. Dawood, Mohamed E. El-Awadi, Karima M. Gamal El-Din, Mervat Sh. Sadak. Magda. A. Shalaby. Improving performance and quality of faba bean plant via folic acid and α- tocopherol application. World Rural Observ 2019;11(4):20-28]. ISSN: 1944-6543 (Print); ISSN: 1944-6551 (Online). http://www.sciencepub.net/rural. 3. doi:10.7537/marswro110419.03.

Key words: Vicia faba, vitamin E, vitamin B19, seed quality, growth, yield

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Econometric Analysis of Determinants of Rice Price Volatility in Nigeria (1970-2017)

Adeniyi, Babatunde Afees¹ and Daud, Saidat Adebola²

¹Agricultural Technology Department, Oyo State College of Agriculture and Technology, P.M.B. 10, Igboora

² Agricultural Extension and Management Department, Oyo State College of Agriculture and Technology, P.M.B. 10, Igboora

adeniyibabatunde6@gmail.com

Abstract: An attempt has been made in this study to show that price of rice is significantly volatile and to also determine the causes of this volatility for the period of 1970 to 2017. The result of Arch test confirmed that price of rice is significantly volatile. The result of Garch (1,1) model revealed that coefficients of internal factors (arch and garch term) was significant at 5%, coefficients of external shocks or factors (domestic rice production and naira/dollar exchange rate) were significant at 5% and 10% respectively. This implies that both internal and external factors were major determinants of rice price volatility and by implication; speculation (using previous flunctuations to predict current flunctuations) is one of the determinants of rice price volatility while domestic rice production, total domestic rice consumption and naira/dollar exchange rate were the external factors. Based on the result obtained from this study, the country’s policymakers have to provide the enabling policies that will enhance local production and consumption of rice.

[Adeniyi, Babatunde Afees and Daud, Saidat Adebola. Econometric Analysis of Determinants of Rice Price Volatility in Nigeria (1970-2017). World Rural Observ 2019;11(4):29-34]. ISSN: 1944-6543 (Print); ISSN: 1944-6551 (Online). http://www.sciencepub.net/rural. 4. doi:10.7537/marswro110419.04.

Keywords: Garch 1,1, Rice, Price Volatility, Exchange Rate

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The Roles of Urban Agriculture for Climate Change Adaption in the case of Debre Markos town and surrounding districts East Gojjam Zone Amhara Region Ethiopia.

Mengist Belay

Department of Natural Resource Management, College of Agriculture and Natural Resource, Debre Markos University, Ethiopia.

mengistbelay@gmail.com

Abstract: Rapid urbanization and large scale food production both heavily dependent on fossil fuels are arguably the most significant contributors to climate change. They are also increasingly recognized as potential tools in mitigation and adaptation to climate change. Climate change has already affected food production systems leaving loss of crop, grain shortages, and increased commodity price in its wake, all of which undermine food security a fundamental human right. This study establishes that Urban Agriculture is a multipronged tool for adaptation and mitigation to tackle climate change, and is the effective tool to address food security challenges in the cities, educate and reconnect urban and peri urban farms and people to assure food and climate security in the cities.

[Mengist Belay. The Roles of Urban Agriculture for Climate Change Adaption in the case of Debre Markos town and surrounding districts East Gojjam Zone Amhara Region Ethiopia. World Rural Observ 2019;11(4):35-41]. ISSN: 1944-6543 (Print); ISSN: 1944-6551 (Online). http://www.sciencepub.net/rural. 5. doi:10.7537/marswro110419.05.

Keywords: Role; Urban Agriculture; Climate; Change; Adaption; case; Debre Markos; town; district; East Gojjam Zone; Amhara Region; Ethiopia

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Necessity of Resilience Practices to Reduce Flood Vulnerability at Community Level in Bangladesh

Md. Ashik Sarder

Disaster Management Officer, International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, Bangladesh

ashiksarder15@gmail.com

Abstract: The geo-physical contexts of different areas of Bangladesh are diverse and distinctive from location to location. Each of the area has distinct characteristics and own livelihoods pattern. The recent climate change has made different communities of Bangladesh vulnerable to frequent disasters. The impacts of climate change have also been visible at the river-adjacent communities which are being resulted through the losses by disasters and making the communities socially, economically and culturally vulnerable. Enhancing community resilience is very important to make any community capable to cope with climate change. If the community people achieve resilience capacity and have a coping mechanism, then they can come back in their usual situation by very short period after any type of disaster like flood and can minimize losses by other supporting tools that they achieve through the silencer. The Hudir Bazar is a flood-prone community situated in Lalmonirhat district of northern Bangladesh on the bank of Teesta River. Most of the community people are marginalized; and agriculture and day-laboring are the main means of their livelihoods. Almost every year, flood occurs and causes tremendous losses to their property and livelihoods. The tendency of floods has increased in last few years as anthropogenic climate change introduced in Himalaya region. For this, Teesta River and its adjacent communities are the sufferers of this impact. The study was conducted on participatory observation approach using both qualitative and quantitative research perspectives. The study identified the losses resulted from flood vulnerability and its impacts on community people’s livelihoods. The study suggested importance on enhancing resilience techniques which will contribute to reduce losses at community level to make the community people more resilient to disasters specially to the flood vulnerability.

[Md. Ashik Sarder. Necessity of Resilience Practices to Reduce Flood Vulnerability at Community Level in Bangladesh. World Rural Observ 2019;11(4):42-46]. ISSN: 1944-6543 (Print); ISSN: 1944-6551 (Online). http://www.sciencepub.net/rural. 6. doi:10.7537/marswro110419.06.

Keywords: Climate Change, Flood, Vulnerability, Livelihood, Resilience

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Nutritional status of the muscle meat of male and female African freshwater catfish Heterobranchus bidosarlis (Pisces: Clariidae) (Geoffrey Saint-Hilaire, 1809) from the Lower Cross River System, Nigeria.

Bassey Etim Job¹, Sunday Urom Eteng²

¹Department of Biological Sciences Faculty of Oceanography, University of Calabar, Calabar – Nigeria

²Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Faculty of Oceanography, University of Calabar, Calabar – Nigeria.

bejob_u@yahoo.com.

Abstract: Nutritional status of adult male and female African freshwater catfish Heterobranchus bidosalis (45.52-50.20±0.1cm total length and 664.58-670.64±0.1g wet weight) was investigated on individuals bought from the artisanal fishermen at Itu, one of the major landing ports of the artisanal fisheries of the lower Cross River System, AkwaI bom State, Nigeria. The analysis was carried out using the internationally accepted methods of AOAC. The results of the analysis revealed that the proximate compositions and mineral contents of the catfish were sex-related. Moisture contents was 88.52% in the males and 78.78% in the females; carbohydrate (males; 3.34%, females; 3.98%), protein (males: 24.60%, females; 26.62%), fibre (males: 0.53%, females; 0.48%), ash (males: 6.03%, females; 8.96%) and lipid (males: 6.04%, females: 8.94%). For the minerals, calcium was 125.68mg/100g in the males, 130.63mg/100g in the females, Magnesium (males: 8.42mg/100g, females: 8.74mg/100g), Potassium (males: 4.33mg/100g, females: 5.98mg/100g), Iron (males: 94.47mg/100g, females: 105.23mg/100g), Zinc (males: 0.56mg/100g, females: 0.78mg/100g), Phosphorus (males: 7.67mg/100g, females: 8.43mg/100g). Copper was not detected in both sexes of the catfish. The implications of the results of the present study are discussed in relation to human nutrition and health.

 [Bassey Etim Job, Sunday Urom Eteng. Nutritional status of the muscle meat of male and female African freshwater catfish Heterobranchus bidosarlis (Pisces: Clariidae) (Geoffrey Saint-Hilaire, 1809) from the Lower Cross River System, Nigeria. World Rural Observ 2019;11(4):47-52]. ISSN: 1944-6543 (Print); ISSN: 1944-6551 (Online). http://www.sciencepub.net/rural. 7. doi:10.7537/marswro110419.07.

Keywords: Nutritional status, male and female, Heterobranchusbidorsalis, Itu, lower Cross River System, Nigeria

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Assessment of water Zerafshan (hydropost Dupuli) and analogue Sokh (hydropost Sarikanda)

Shirinboev Dilmukhammad, Ganiev Shahob

Teacher, Department of Hydrometeorology, Faculty of Geography and Ecology, Samarkand State University, 140104, University blv. 15, Samarkand сity, Samarkand region, Uzbekistan

Abstract: This article describes how to restore the river Zeravshan river-analogue - Cokh and carried out assessment of changes in mean annual, vegetation and non-vegetation water flow of the river Zeravshan on its length.

[Shirinboev Dilmukhammad, Ganiev Shahob. Assessment of water Zerafshan (hydropost Dupuli) and analogue Sokh (hydropost Sarikanda). World Rural Observ 2019;11(4):53-57]. ISSN: 1944-6543 (Print); ISSN: 1944-6551 (Online). http://www.sciencepub.net/rural. 8. doi:10.7537/marswro110419.08

Keywords: river flow, water flow, river-analog, human factors, the average annual consumption, the growing season, non-growing period, irrigation network, the transfer flow.

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Prevalence Of Pulmonary Mucormycosis Among Poultry Farmers In Barkin Ladi Local Government Area Of Plateau State

^1st DAYOK. O; ^2nd Zang B. N; And ^3rd Kum F. O.

Science Department, Plateau State Polytechnic Barkin Ladi

outlook_900110884F556A30@outlook.com

Abstract: This research titled Incidence of Pulmonary Mucormycosis among Poultry Farmers in Barkin Ladi Local Government Area of Plateau State was aimed at determining the number of Poultry Farmers who are infected with pulmonary mucormycosis. Sputum from 100 Poultry Farmers was investigated by cultivation on Sabouraud’s Dextrose Agar containing antibiotics and examined for fungi. Fungal identification was carried out by direct microscopy and colony morphology using the Papanicolau stain, standard mycological stains and reagents. Consent was obtained from the participants and questionnaires were used to obtain their Bio-data. Statistical Packages for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version-25 software was used for Chi-Square and t-test analyses of the research findings. A total of 6 (6.0%) persons were infected with Mucor, other fungi were isolated in 14 (28%) of the farmers. Abnormal squamous epithelial cells were seen in 24 (48%) and inflammatory cells in 11 (22%) of farmers. Mucor was not isolated from the sputum of Persons with mean duration in years of poultry farming activities of 2.5 years and 6.5 years while those with 18.5 and 22.5 years had 2 (%) rate of infection each. Infection with mucor in relation to years of poultry farming was statistically significant, ꭓ² (5) = 16.31, p ≤ 0.05. There was however no significant difference in abnormal substances found in the sputum of males (M = 4.61, SD = 2.05) and the sputum obtained from females (M = 4.33, SD = 1.83); t (109) = 0.742, p = 0.460. There is need for farmers to regularly use face mask to avoid inhalation of dust. Environmental sanitation should be regularly carried out so as to reduce wastes which serve as breeding ground for fungi. There is also the need for Farmers to also engage in routine medical checkups.

[DAYOK. O; Zang B. N; And Kum F. O. Prevalence Of Pulmonary Mucormycosis Among Poultry Farmers In Barkin Ladi Local Government Area Of Plateau State. World Rural Observ 2019;11(4):58-62]. ISSN: 1944-6543 (Print); ISSN: 1944-6551 (Online). http://www.sciencepub.net/rural. 9. doi:10.7537/marswro110419.09.

Keywords: Prevalence; Pulmonary; Mucormycosis; Poultry; Farmer; Barkin Ladi; Local Government; Area; Plateau State

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Effects of limited irrigation, on yield and yield components of different fodder maize cultivars in a saline condition

Mohammad Mashreghe¹, Mohammad Hassan Rasheed Mohassel², Reza sadrabadi Haghighi³, Saeed Khavari Khorasani ⁴

¹ Ph.D. Student Islamic Azad University Mashhad Branch Mashhad, Iran

² professor Islamic Azad University Mashhad Branch Mashhad, Iran

³ professor Islamic Azad University Mashhad Branch Mashhad, Iran

⁴ Assistant Prof., Agricultural and Natural Resources Research center, Khorasane Razavi, Iran

m37024@gmail.com

Abstract: Water shortage is one of the most important limiting factors, which results in yield loss of crops, in arid and semi-arid regions, all around the world. In Iran, maize production, is significantly affected by drought. An investigation was carried out to find the effect of drought on yield, and yield components of fodder maize in a saline condition during 2018-2019 growing season. A split plot experiment based on randomized complete blocks design, with four replications was conducted in Abbas-Abad research station of Mashhad, Khorasan-Razavi province, Iran. Main plots belonged to three irrigation treatments (providing 100, 80 and 60 percent of water requirement as I1, I2 and I3 respectively), and sub plots belonged to four different cultivars of fodder maize (single cross hybrids KSC703, KSC704, KSC705 and KSC706). Fodder yield and ear diameter significantly affected by drought stress (p<0.01). Kernel rows, kernel number per row and ear length didn’t affect by drought. Comparison of means, showed that the highest (41.1 ton/ha) and the lowest (29 ton/ha) fodder yield, belonged to cultivar ksc 703 at I1 and ksc705 at I3 irrigation level, respectively. The highest (28) and the lowest (23) Kernel number per row was produced at I1 and I3, respectively. The highest fodder yield belonged to hybrid No. 703, while 100 percent of water requirement was provided.

[Mohammad Mashreghe, Mohammad Hassan Rasheed Mohassel, Reza sadrabadi Haghighi, Saeed Khavari Khorasani. Effects of limited irrigation, on yield and yield components of different fodder maize cultivars in a saline condition. World Rural Observ 2019;11(4):63-67]. ISSN: 1944-6543 (Print); ISSN: 1944-6551 (Online). http://www.sciencepub.net/rural. 10. doi:10.7537/marswro110419.10.

Keywords: drought stress, kernel row, cultivar, saline condition

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 The Impact of Action Bitters on Kidney Function of Albino Wister Rats

Dagogo Samuel Allen Wokoma and Innocent Uchenna Amadi

Department of Mathematics/Statistics, School of Science and Technology, Captain Elechi Amadi Polytechnic, P. M. B. 5936, Rumuola, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria.

dagywoksy@gmail.com

Abstract: This paper presents one way ANOVA method of analysis which is empirical. From the analysis results showed that Action bitters does not have bad effects in the kidney function of Albino Wister rats. In the same vein, a non parametric test discovered by Kolmogorov Smirnov (KS) was performed; the test revealed that the data-set was drawn from a common distribution. Therefore, the paper presented here has profound implication for future studies which may be useful to animal scientists and to the society at large.

[Wokoma, D.S.A. and Amadi, I. U. The Impact of Action Bitters on Kidney Function of Albino Wister Rats. World Rural Observ 2019;11(4):68-71]. ISSN: 1944-6543 (Print); ISSN: 1944-6551 (Online). http://www.sciencepub.net/rural. 11. doi:10.7537/marswro110419.11.

Keywords: ANOVA, Wister rats, Action bitters, Kolmogorov Smirnov, Statistics

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Dynamic Job Scheduling Using Ant Colony Optimization for Mobile Cloud Computing

Rathnakar Achary¹, Dr. V. Vityanathan¹, Dr. Pethur Raj², S. Nagarajan¹

¹Department of CSE, SASTRA UNIVERSITY, Thanjavur, India

²Infrastructure Architect, IBM Global Cloud CoE IBM, India, Bangalore

a.rathnakar@gmail.com

Abstract: Cloud computing has been recognized as one of the prominent new computing paradigm. The ability of cloud to provide on demand access to software (SaaS), application platform (PaaS) and infrastructure (IaaS) in the form of scalable services has attracted considerable interest in the industry. With the current scenario there is no doubting the incredible impact that mobile technologies have had on both business and personal applications. Employees preferred to use smart phones not just for communication or entertainment purposes, but also to access the company’s key applications. The integration of mobile applications and emerging cloud computing concept is Mobile Cloud Computing (MCC). It has been introduced to be a potential technology for mobile service. A prominent challenge by using mobile devices and the mobile cloud (Andreas. k et. al, 2010) is resource constraints of these handheld devices. Comparing to the desktop computers the key issues in the mobile devices are smaller screen size, less memory capacity, lower processing capacity and low battery backup. Due to these resource limitations most of the processing and data handlings are carried out in the cloud, which is known as SaaS cloud. The smart phones are used to access cloud resources by using the browser. Performance of this mobile cloud is impaired by the time varying characteristics such as, latency, jitter and bandwidth of the wireless channel. In this research we proposed a modified task scheduling mechanism called Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) to address the issues related to the performance of the mobile devices (L.Liu et. al, 2011) when used in a cloud environment and Hadoop. However there are bottlenecks related to the existing task scheduling techniques in MCC model which uses the built in FIFO algorithm for large amount of tasks. The proposed Ant Colony Optimization algorithm improve the task scheduling process by dynamically scheduling the tasks and improve the throughput and quality of service (QoS) of MCC.

[R. Achary, Vityanathan, Pethur Raj, S. Nagarajan. Dynamic Job Scheduling Using Ant Colony Optimization for Mobile Cloud Computing. World Rural Observ 2019;11(4):72-79]. ISSN: 1944-6543 (Print); ISSN: 1944-6551 (Online). http://www.sciencepub.net/rural. 12. doi:10.7537/marswro110419.12.

Keywords: Mobile Cloud Computing (MCC), Ant Colony Optimization (APO), Hadoop, Quality of Service (QoS), Software as a Service (SaaS)

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Assan Motor’s customer satisfaction Measurement in field of sales and after sales service refer to marketing mix factors

Mostafa Jafari¹, Mohammad Mahdavi Mazde², Amir Ahmadi³

^1. Faculty member and Assistant Professor of Department of Industrial Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Narmak, Tehran, 1684613114, Iran, Tel: +98 21 77240540-50; iust.ac.ir@jafari

^2. Faculty member and Assistant Professor of Department of Industrial Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Narmak, Tehran, 1684613114, Iran, Tel: +98 21 77240540-50; iust.ac.ir@mazdeh

^3. Iran University of Science and Technology Graduate Student of EMBA, Shariati, Tehran, 1933673174, Iran, Tel: +989125256558; amir871357@yahoo.com

Abstract: In current age, realization of market’s competitive construction is a survival key and important factor for organizations success. Achieving this concept depends on management’s awareness of customers comment and needs, assessment and utilization of marketing mix in order to achieve greater market share. Also firms know that, the after sales service has a great impact on customer’s loyalty and purchase repeat. Therefore the services should have their satisfaction. This research is done by questionnaire and randomized sampling related to measuring customer’s satisfaction of marketing mix factors in the terms of Asan Motor (Hyundai distributor) sales and after sales service. The researcher is eager to study and identify the marketing mix factors mix that have the greatest impact on attracting and retaining Assan Motor’s customers, to identify, prioritize them and assist management in the field of marketing decisions. Therefore, in this research, sales and after sales services of Marketing mix factors are based on the 4p approach: Price, promotion, product (service) and place are determined. Sale Statistical test results show that the importance of price is greater than other factors and Product factor is more important than place and promotion. In the field of after sales service, product (service quality), has the greatest impact however the Price factor, has the least impact.

[Mostafa Jafari, Mohammad Mahdavi Mazde, Amir Ahmadi. Assan Motor’s customer satisfaction Measurement in field of sales and after sales service refer to marketing mix factors. World Rural Observ 2019;11(4):80-88]. ISSN: 1944-6543 (Print); ISSN: 1944-6551 (Online). http://www.sciencepub.net/rural. 13. doi:10.7537/marswro110419.13.

Keywords: Marketing mix, price, promotion, distribution, product, customer

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An Economic Study for the Effect of Agricultural Land Reclamation on Agricultural development (Case Study on Beni Sweif Governorate)

Dr Asmaa I. Eid¹, Dr. Amal A. Abdel Motaal², Dr. Hanan M. Mostafa³

¹Head Researcher, Agricultural Research Center- Agricultural Economics Research Institute, Egypt

²Senior Researcher, Agricultural Research Center- Agricultural Economics Research Institute, Egypt

³Researcher, Agricultural Research Center- Agricultural Economics Research Institute, Egypt

Hanan_statistic@yahoo.com

Abstract: The research is interested in studying the effect of land reclamation on agricultural development in one of the governorates of Egypt, represented in Beni-Suef Governorate. Beni-Suef governorate is featured by cultivated many crops such as: wheat, maize, sugar beet, and tomato. The net revenue for fed. of the actual crop pattern is estimated by 9038 L.E / fed, increased by about 8%, reaching about 9776 L.E / fed. in the proposed crop pattern. The net revenue of water for the actual crop pattern is estimated by 2.62 L.E / m3, and it is increased by 14%, to reach about 2.97 L.E / m3 for the proposed crop pattern. The purchase price of fed after reclamation fed. in the Beni-Suef Governorate is estimated by 54.794 thousand L.E in Ahanasia, 54.292 thousand L.E in Samasta, and 53.312 thousand L.E and Beni-suef. Finally, the highest net revenue of water unit were (clover then maize) Rotation in the three Districts in Beni-Suef Governorate.

[Asmaa I. Eid, Amal A. Abdel Motaal, Hanan M. Mustafa. An Economic Study for the Effect of Agricultural Land Reclamation on Agricultural development (Case Study on Beni Sweif Governorate). World Rural Observ 2019;11(4):84-92]. ISSN: 1944-6543 (Print); ISSN: 1944-6551 (Online). http://www.sciencepub.net/rural. 14. doi:10.7537/marswro110419.14.

Keywords: Land reclamation, Goal Programming, Costs of reclamation, Net revenue, and net revenues of water unit

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Available capabilities for developing fish inter-Arab trade

Amal Kamel Eid, Amira Ahmed E Lshater

Senior Researcher, Agricultural Economics Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Egypt

Amal_kamel_eid@yahoo.com, Amirelshater55@yahoo.com

Abstract: Developing fish inter-Arab trades considered one of the most important economic development, therefore the problem of research lies in the depression of trade exchange in the field of fish between Arab countries. The research aims at the possibility of increasing intra-Arab trade in the fish domain using the transport costs minimization model. The amount of fish production from capture fisheries and aquaculture represents about 25%, 75%, respectively, of the total fish production in the Arab countries. The most important fish producing countries are Egypt, Morocco, Mauritania, Oman, and Yemen represented about 85.4%, The most important Arab countries that export fish are represented in Morocco, Mauritania, Oman, and Yemen, with about 90.7% of the total amount of fish exports, while it found that the most important Arab countries importing fish are represented in Egypt, the Emirates, Saudi Arabia, Morocco, Tunisia, Iraq, where they imports about 78.6% of the total amount of fish imports. By using the transport costs minimization model, it was found that Morocco, Mauritania, Oman, Yemen, Somalia and Bahrain achieved an export surplus by about 551.5, 524.9, 104.2, 57.2, 1.6, and 0.7 thousand tons during the average period (2012-2018). The study showed that the most important factors affecting on fish exports were the amount of production, export price of fish, consumption, and Exchange rate. While the most important factors affecting on fish imports were the gross domestic product, population, production, import price, Consumption.

[Amal Kamel Eid, Amira Ahmed E Lshater. Available capabilities for developing fish inter-Arab trade. World Rural Observ 2019;11(4):93-100]. ISSN: 1944-6543 (Print); ISSN: 1944-6551 (Online). http://www.sciencepub.net/rural. 15. doi:10.7537/marswro110419.15.

Keywords: Fish, Arab-Trade, Production, Export, Import, Surplus, Deficit

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