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Allomorphic Study of Gazania linearis Collected from Gilgit, Pakistan

 Romana Batool*, Reena Aqil, Iffat Zehra, Sania, Aiman Zahra, Sajida Amir, Sahiba Khatoon, Hina Ruby, Tika Khan

Department of Plant Sciences, Karakoram international University, Konodas, Gilgit, 15100

batoolromana5@gmail.com

Abstract: Morphometric and Allometric Analysis of the Ornamental Species Gazania linearis belonging to the family Asteraceae, Sampled in May 2024 from the Main Campus of Karakoram International University, Gilgit. Measurements and analyses of many morphological characteristics, including lengths and widths of sepals, petals, stamen, carpel, and leaves, are the main body of the study. To enhance the effectiveness of the outcome, simple, multiple, and regression analysis were also performed using the area of leaf as a dependent variable and length, width, and their combinations as independent variables. These studies are very essential for the conservation plan because they clearly elucidate how the environmental factors and morphological variations interact with one another. Where the cases of morphometry and allometry are concerned, which study the association between the size, shape, anatomy, and behavior of species, knowledge about plant growth pattern is important. It explains how the size and development of Gazania linearis gathered from various sites on the KIU main campus in Gilgit are related to each other. This study attempted to shed some light upon just how varied sections of the plant contribute towards the total growth and development of the plant through the examination of several growth indicators. The results show that the growth dynamics of Gazania linearis emphasize a strong relationship between leaves, the height, the width, and the floral region.

[Romana Batool, Reena Aqil, Iffat Zehra, Sania, Aiman Zahra, Sajida Amir, Sahiba Khatoon, Hina Ruby, Tika Khan. Allomorphic Study of Gazania linearis Collected from Gilgit, Pakistan. Researcher 2025;17(1):1-]. ISSN 1553-9865 (print); ISSN 2163-8950 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 01. doi:10.7537/marsrsj170125.01 

Keywords:

Morphometric, Allometric, Gazania linearis, Flora, Ornamental, Gene Expression, Gilgit.

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Review Of Literature Machine Learning Approach For Detection Of Attacks In Wireless Sensor Networks

*Deepak Kumar Gupta  and **Dr. Praveen Kumar

*Research Scholar, Department of Computer Science & Engineering, SunRise University, Alwar, Rajasthan (India)

**Professor, Department of Computer Science & Engineering, SunRise University, Alwar, Rajasthan (India)

Email: deepakmtechcs@gmail.com

Abstract: This study provides a thorough examination of the important intersection of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) with machine learning (ML) for improving security. WSNs play critical roles in a wide range of applications, but their inherent constraints create unique security challenges. To address these problems, numerous ML algorithms have been used to improve WSN security, with a special emphasis on their advantages and disadvantages. Notable difficulties include localisation, coverage, anomaly detection, congestion control, and Quality of Service (QoS), emphasising the need for innovation. This study provides insights into the beneficial potential of ML in bolstering WSN security through a comprehensive review of existing experiments. This study emphasises the need to use ML’s potential while expertly resolving subtle nuances to preserve the integrity and dependability of WSNs in the increasingly interconnected environment.

[Gupta, D.K. and Kumar, P. REVIEW OF LITERATURE MACHINE LEARNING APPROACH FOR DETECTION OF ATTACKS IN WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS. Researcher 2025;17(1):9-12]. ISSN 1553-9865 (print); ISSN 2163-8950 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 02. doi:10.7537/marsrsj170125.02

Keywords:  Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs); machine learning (ML); Quality of Service (QoS); Path Planning (PP); Sensor Node Deployment (SND)

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Milankovitch cycles — Basics of Monsoon Time Scales : Formulation of Maritime Continental Monsoon Time Scale

Gangadhara Rao Irlapati

H.No.5-30-4/1, Saibabanagar, Jeedimetla, Hyderabad, India-500055

E-mail: gangadhar19582058@gmail.com

Introduction:  According to the Milankovitch cycle, the angle of the Earth's axial tilt (obliquity) regarding the orbital plane (the obliquity of the ecliptic) varies between 22.1° and 24.5°, over a cycle of about 41,000 years. The current tilt is 23.44°, roughly halfway between its extreme values. Milankovitch cycles are a series of periodic changes in the Earth's orbit around the Sun that affect the amount of solar radiation the Earth receives, which in turn influences climate change. This tilt does not remain constant at 23.44°.  It oscillates up and down and slowly moves to 24.5°. The oscillation of up and down will be about 85 years, according to the Monsoon Time Scales. That is, about 60 years up, 25 years down, in total oscillating once every about 85 years. When it moves up to 22.1°, droughts and famines occur, and when it moves up to 24.5°, heavy rains and floods occur. Oscillating in this way, it slowly moves forward. All this can be clearly observed in the Monsoon Time Scales. If this is true, then we are close to reaching 24.5°, So, are there going to be more climate changes in the coming centuries? What are the Milankovitch Cycles?  What is their importance in the study of climate changes? How they determine the scientific accuracy of Global Monsoon Time Scales?  What is the relationship between Milankovitch cycles and Global Monsoon Time Scales? What are the new things that can be learned by Global Monsoon Time Scales? What is the need to establish the Maricontinental Monsoon Time Scale to unravel the mysteries of the Maricontinental Monsoon?  Let's discuss in this paper. I call on world scientists to establish the Maricontinental Monsoon Time Scale  following the Basics of Monsoon Time Scales outlined below, based on the India Monsoon Time Scale which is successfully proved out in practice and  break down the mysteries of the Maricontinental monsoon.

[Gangadhara Rao Irlapati. Researcher. Milankovitch cycles — Basics of Monsoon Time Scales: Formulation of Maritime Continental Monsoon Time Scale. 2025;17(1):13-68]. ISSN 1553-9865 (print); ISSN 2163-8950 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 03. doi:10.7537/marsrsj170125.03

Keywords: Bioforecast (1965-70); A New Hypothetical Model of Cosmology (1970-77); Inquisition (1977-79); Basics of Geoscope (1980-87); Basics of Monsoon Time Scales (1987-91); Indian Monsoon Time Scale(1991); Researches on Earth and space related issues (1991-2000); Numerical Weather Periodic Tables (2000-10); Designs of Geoscope projects (2010-20); Designs of Global Monsoon Time Scales (2020-)

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