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STUDY ON BOVINE TRYPANOSOMOSIS AND ASSOCIATED RISK FACTORS IN ASSOSA DISTRICT

Endalkacho Mekonen and Asmamaw Aki*

Assosa, Regional Veterinary Diagnostic, Surveillance, Monitoring and Study Laboratory, P.O. Box 326, Assosa, Ethiopia; asmamawaki@gmail.com, phone: 0902330029

ABSTRACT: Across sectional study on prevalence and associated risk factors of Bovine Trypanosomosis was conducted in Assosa district, from March to June, 2022 to determine the prevalence of Trypanosomosis in Bovine and the prevailing species of trypanosomes, associated risk factors and its vector density. Blood samples were collected from (n=384) randomly sampled cattle and examined using parasitological (buffy coat technique) and hematological (measurement of packed cell volume) procedures. An overall, 10.2% (39/384) prevalence was recorded. The infection was caused by T. congolense (74.41%), T. vivax (13.95%), T. brucei (4.65%) and mixed infection was found to be (6.97%). The infection rate was found statistically significant (P<0.05) among trypanosome species. Mean packed cell volume (PCV) value of infected animals was lower (19.06%) than non-infected animals (26.01%) and the variation was statistically significant (P<0.000). Non- significant difference was recorded within study sites, sex and age categories of animals (P>0.05), where as significant association was observed in body conditions. G. morsitans submorsitans were the tsetse fly caught and its mean apparent density measured as fly per trap density was 2.99. In addition, other mechanical vectors such as Stomoxys, tabanids and haematopota with f/t/d of 1.77, 0.26 and 0.25 were recorded respectively. In conclusion, the result of the current study showed the economical importance of trypanosomosis in the study area signaling for strategic control efforts.

[Endalkacho Mekonen and Asmamaw Aki. STUDY ON BOVINE TRYPANOSOMOSIS AND ASSOCIATED RISK FACTORS IN ASSOSA DISTRICT. Researcher 2024;16(2):1-9]. ISSN 1553-9865 (print); ISSN 2163-8950 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 01. doi:10.7537/marsrsj160224.01.

Key words: Blood, Packed cell volume, risk factor, Trypanosomosis, and Tsetse fly

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A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY ON THE PREVALENCE AND ASSOCIATED RISK FACTORS OF BOVINE TRYPANOSOMOSIS, IN BAMBASI DISTRICTS, WESTERN ETHIOPIA

Asmamaw Aki

Asossa,  Regional  Veterinary Diagnostic, monitoring, surveillance and study laboratory, P.O. Box 326, Assosa, Ethiopia; asmamawaki@gmail.com,tel: 0902330029

ABSTRACT :  Across-sectional study was carried out, from November 2018 to March, 2019 to determine the prevalence and associated risk factors of bovine trypanosomosis, in Bambasi districts.  Blood samples were collected from (n= 333) randomly selected cattle (Bos indicus).  Dark phase contrast buffy coat procedures were used to determine the prevalence of trypanosome infection, while haematocrit method was used to determine the packed cell volume (PCV) values of study animals.  Out of total 333 cattle sampled, 14/333 (4.20 %) were found trypanosome positive. The disease was mainly caused by T. congolense 10/14(71.43%) followed by T. vivax 3/14 (21.43%) and mixed infection by T. congolense and T. vivax accounted for only 1/14(7.14%) with statistically significant differences (P< 0.05). Mean packed cell volume (PCV) values of the infected animals were lower (21.06 % + 0.09 SE) than non- infected animals (28.07% +0.37) and the variation was statistically significant (P<0.05). Sex groups, body condition, and study sites were not statistically significant risk factors for the occurrence of trypanosomosis in the present study (P> 0.05); however, age categories were found to be statistically significant (p< 0.05). In conclusion, the current study showed moderate prevalence of trypanosomosis in the study area reflecting the need for strategic control measures.

[Asmamaw Aki. A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY ON THE PREVALENCE AND ASSOCIATED RISK FACTORS OF BOVINE TRYPANOSOMOSIS, IN BAMBASI DISTRICTS, WESTERN ETHIOPIA. Researcher 2024;16(2):10-17]. ISSN 1553-9865 (print); ISSN 2163-8950 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 02. doi:10.7537/marsrsj160224.02.

Keywords: Bambasi, Prevalence, Risk factor, Trypanososma.

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SEROPREVALENCE OF BOVINE BRUCELLOSIS AND ASSOCIATED RISK FACTORS IN ASOSSA, BAMBASI AND HOMOSHA WOREDAS OF ASOSSA ZONE, WESTERN ETHIOPIA

Asmamaw Aki*  and  Birhanu Eticha

Assosa, Regional Veterinary Diagnostic, Surveillance, Monitoring and Study Laboratory, P.O. Box 326, Assosa, Ethiopia; asmamawaki@gmail.com, phone: 0902330029

Abstract:  Across-sectional study was conducted in Asossa, Bambasi and Homosha District from July 2022 to November, 2023 with the objectives of estimating, the sero- prevalence of bovine brucellosis. Of 384 serum sample examined, 9/384 (2.34%) were positive for bovine brucellosis. The high seroprevalence of the bovine brucellosis (9.75%) was recorded in Homosha woreda while the low prevalence of the disease (0.09%) was recorded in Bambasi woreda and it was significantly high (p<0.004). The highest seroprevalence (5.12 %) of brucellosis was recorded in animals less than 9 years old whilst the lowest prevalence (1.97 %) was recorded in animals 3->5 years of old and the association was not significant among the age groups. Slightly, higher prevalence was registered in female animals (2.56%) than in male animals (0 %), which was not found to be statistically significant (p>0.05).The highest prevalence of brucellosis (3.33%) was found in animals with poor body condition while the lowest (2.20 %) was recorded in animals with medium body conditions respectively, and it was non-significant (p>0.05).Cattle Brucellosis was recorded across the study kebeles with the highest prevalence of (14.28%) in Gumu kebele whereas in Dabus, Mender (47, 48, 41, 43, 42), Sonka, Womba, Megele(49), Komoshiga (27 and 28), Nebar-komoshiga, Selga (24), Amba14, and Megele (33) kebeles, the lowest brucellosis prevalence (0%) was recorded in the present study and the prevalence of brucellosis was not significant across the study sites. In Gumu, Dunga, Mutsakosa, Megele(39), Komoshiga (26), (14.28%, 5%, 9.09%, 2.27%, 3.03%) brucellosis prevalence was recorded in the studied kebeles respectively, but the association was not significant (P>0.05). Therefore, based on the findings, appropriate recommendations were forwarded to reduce the impact of the zoonotic diseases in the study area. Evidence of brucellosis in various cattle and the associated human population illustrates the need for a coordinated One Health approach to controlling brucellosis so as to improve public health and livestock productivity.

[Asmamaw Aki  and  Birhanu Eticha. SEROPREVALENCE OF BOVINE BRUCELLOSIS AND ASSOCIATED RISK FACTORS IN ASOSSA, BAMBASI AND HOMOSHA WOREDAS OF ASOSSA ZONE, WESTERN ETHIOPIA. Researcher 2024;16(2):18-26]. ISSN 1553-9865 (print); ISSN 2163-8950 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 03. doi:10.7537/marsrsj160224.03.

Key words: Asossa, Bovine, Bambasi, Brucellosis and Homosha, Serum

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A REVIEW ON PREVALENCE OF BOVINE TRYPANOSOMOSIS AND TSETSE FLY DENSITY IN DIFFERENT REGIONS OF ETHIOPIA

Asmamaw Aki * and Endalkachew Mekonen

Assosa, Regional Veterinary Diagnostic, Surveillance, Monitoring and Study Laboratory, P.O. Box: 326, Asossa, Ethiopia. Email: asmamawaki@gmail.com, Telephone; +251 902330029

ABSTRACT: Background: Ethiopia is known for its large and diverse livestock resource endowments and Bovine Trypanosomosis has long been recognized as a massive constraint on animal husbandry, livestock production and mixed farming in vast areas of rural sub-Saharan Africa.  In Ethiopia, trypanosomosis is widespread in domestic livestock in the Western, South and Southwestern lowland regions and the associated river systems. The tsetse flies in Ethiopia are confined to the southern and western regions. Out of nine region of Ethiopia, five (Amhara area, Benishangul-Gumuz, Gambella, Oromia and Southern Nations Nationalities and Peoples‟ Regional State) are infected with more than one species of tsetse flies and there are five species of tsetse flies in those mentioned regions. Method and Results: For this systematic review more than 56 published paper from 2011-2023 were reviewed in five regions of tsetse fly infested areas, namely: Amhara, Oromia, SNNPRs, Benishamgul Gumuz (BG) and Gambella regions. Consistently, overall prevalence of bovine trypanosomosis in five regions of Ethiopia revealed that 7.01%, 8.84%, 7.22%, 12.44% and 16.9% in Amhara, Oromia, SNNPRs, Benishangul Gumuz and Gambella, respectively. Besides this, this review indicated that high infestation of tsetse fly was in Oromia region by four species, namely Glossina pallidipes, Glossina morsitans, Glossina fuscipes and Glossina tachinoides followed by Glossina pallidipes, Glossina morsitans, G. pallidipes, G. fuscipes in BG; G.m.submorsitans and G. tachinoides were reported in Amhara region. Glossina pallidipes, and Gossina fuscipes in SNNPRS.  Relatively, with the lowest f/t/d Glossina pallidipes, Glossina morsitans, Glossina fuscipes, and Glossina tachinoides were reported in Gambella.  93.96 f/t/d, 46.43 f/t/d, 39.34 f/t/d, 18.4 f/t/d and 7.31f/t/d of apparent tsetse fly density per trap per day were reported in BG, Oromia, SNNPRS, Amhara and Gambella region respectively. Conclusion: the review showed that there was a significant variation in prevalence of bovine trypanosomosis and Tsetse fly density in five regions. And there are high-risk factors that predispose the community to Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT) due to the presence of trypanosome brucei rhodesiense and many animal reservoirs. The transmissions of Human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) are related to environmental, vector, and human factors. Therefore, Strategic Bovine, Human trypanosomosis and tsetse fly control and prevention methods should be implemented in tsetse fly infested region of the country in order to  increase the animal  husbandry,  production, productivity and  safeguard draft power as well as  health aspect.

[Asmamaw Aki and Endalkachew Mekonen. A REVIEW ON PREVALENCE OF BOVINE TRYPANOSOMOSIS AND TSETSE FLY DENSITY IN DIFFERENT REGIONS OF ETHIOPIA. Researcher 2024;16(2):27-45]. ISSN 1553-9865 (print); ISSN 2163-8950 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 04. doi:10.7537/marsrsj160224.04.

Keywords: Animal, Ethiopia; Prevalence; Trypanosomosis; Trypanosoma brucie rhodesiense; Human

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BOVINE TRYPANOSOMOSIS AND ASSOCIATED RISK FACTORS IN KAMASHI DISTRICT OF BENISHANGUL GUMUZ REGIONAL STATE, WESTERN ETHIOPIA

Endalkacho Mekonen and Asmamaw Aki*

Assosa, Regional Veterinary Diagnostic, Surveillance, Monitoring and Study Laboratory, P.O. Box 326, Assosa, Ethiopia; asmamawaki@gmail.com, phone: 0902330029

ABSTRACT: A cross sectional study was carried out in Kamashi District of Benishangul Gumuz Regional State, western Ethiopia from September to February, 2020 to determine the prevalence of trypanosomosis in cattle and the prevailing species of trypanosomes, associated risks and its vector density. Blood samples were collected from (n=384) randomly sampled cattle (Bos indicus) and examined using parasitological (buffy coat technique) and hematological (measurement of packed cell volume) procedures. An overall, 87/384 (22.65 %) prevalence was recorded. The infection was caused by T. congolense 76/98 (77.5%), T. vivax 16/98 (16.3%), T. brucei 3/98(3.06%) and mixed infection was found to be 3/98 (3.06 %). The infection rate was found statistically significant (P<0.000) among trypanosome species. Mean packed cell volume (PCV) value of infected animals was lower (20.7%) than non- infected animals (24.81%) and the variation was statistically significant (P<0.000).  Non - significant difference was recorded within study sites, sex and age categories of animals (P>0.05), whereas significant association was observed in body conditions. Glossina tachinoides was the only tsetse fly caught and its mean apparent density measured as f/t/d was 2.56. In addition, other mechanical vectors such as Stomoxys, Haematopota, and Tabanids with f/t/d of 1.69, 0.30 and 0.28 were recorded respectively. In conclusion, the result of the current study showed the economical importance of trypanosomosis in the study area signaling for devising strategic control efforts.

[Endalkacho Mekonen and Asmamaw Aki. BOVINE TRYPANOSOMOSIS AND ASSOCIATED RISK FACTORS IN KAMASHI DISTRICT OF BENISHANGUL GUMUZ REGIONAL STATE, WESTERN ETHIOPIA. Researcher 2024;16(2):46-56]. ISSN 1553-9865 (print); ISSN 2163-8950 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 05. doi:10.7537/marsrsj160224.05.

Key words:  Blood, biting flies Trypanosome, Tsetse fly, risk factor

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