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VARIABILITY OF MICRONUTRIENTS IN SELECTED SOILS OF A GUINEA SAVANNAH AGRO-ECOLOGY OF OYO STATE, SOUTHWESTERN NIGERIA

Julius R. Orimoloye,* and Adeola D. Aderiye-Femi

Department of Soil Resources Management, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria

*for correspondence: juliusorimoloye@gmail.com

Abstract: Micronutrients are key determinants in the vital physiological processes of photosynthesis and respiration in plants and deficiencies in micronutrients could lead to significant yield loss in crops. The status of micronutrients in soil has not been given adequate attention in soil fertility studies. This study was carried out to exermine the vertical and spatial variability of selected micro-nutrients (Mn, Fe, Cu and Zn) within and across four soil types which were Oshe Series (Oxyaquic Haplustalf), Fashola Series (Typic Plinthustalf); Temidire Series (Rhodic Plinthustalf) and Kishi series (Kanhaplic Haplustalf) identified on a landscape near Ogbomosho in Oyo State. Soil samples were collected in grids of 150 x 200m at depths of 0-15cm, 15-30cm, 30-60cm and 60-90cm across the approximately 250 ha study area. The soils were subjected to routine analysis using standard laboratory procedures. The analytical results of the pH, organic C, exchangeable cation exchange capacity and extractable micronutrients (Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn) were subjected to descriptive analysis to determine the vertical and spatial variability of these micronutrients in the study area using the critical values of the co efficient of variation. Soil reactions were slightly acidic and tend towards neutral with mean pH of 6.1 - 6.7 which are ideal for most crops. The ECEC and the organic carbon (OC) were observed to be relatively moderate in content and variation across the landscape which is an indication of a relatively fertile soil. The micronutrients (Mn, Fe, Cu, and Zn) were above their critical level and they have low variation both vertically and spatially across the mapping units except for Zn which had high variation in Fashola soil series. while soils of this area are relatively good in native nutrients, the weak aggregations and sandy nature of surface soils are prone to erosion which could lead to rapid degradation. The soils should be properly managed through a proper site specific fertility management programme to maintain a good nutrient status for continuous cropping.

[Julius R. Orimoloye, and Adeola D. Aderiye-Femi. VARIABILITY OF MICRONUTRIENTS IN SELECTED SOILS OF A GUINEA SAVANNAH AGRO-ECOLOGY OF OYO STATE, SOUTHWESTERN NIGERIA

.Researcher2023;15(3):1-7].ISSN1553-9865 (print);ISSN2163-8950 (online).http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 01. doi:10.7537/marsrsj150323.01.

Keywords: Micronutrients, Soil properties, plant nutrition, Guinea Savannah

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My understanding and application of Taiji Diagram

Author: Sun Chunwu

Sun Chunwu (1948 -), male (Han nationality), Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China, mainly engaged in natural science research;

Author's statement: I guarantee that I am the copyright owner of this work,

Company name: Jiangsu Yangzhou Sanli Electric Appliance Group Co., Ltd

Postal code: 225,008 E-mail: yzscw0514@163.com WeChat scw20,171,020

Abstract: With the integration of China, I like to move the arrow of the dynamic field on the Taiji Diagram to the heart of one of the following movement rules, the creation of yin and yang, the movement of gold, wood, water, fire and the earth, so as to rise all the philosophical ideas of evolution. The WTO of Taoism's inaction emphasizes the unity and contradiction of opposites. Confucius is really another rumor of centrifugal movement, such as arrow, kindness, justice, etiquette, wisdom, and the birth of Confucianism, which promises the highest degree of ethical adaptation. Unfortunately, they usually analyze problems from a macro or micro perspective. There is no real understanding of the voltmeter picture of the Taiji Eight Diagrams, and there is no way to find the source below, nor to explain all the real meanings of the Taiji Eight Diagrams, which cannot play a huge role in science and technology.

[Sun Chunwu. My understanding and application of Taiji Diagram.Researcher2023;15(3):8-23].ISSN1553-9865 (print);ISSN2163-8950 (online).http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 02.doi:10.7537/marsrsj150323.02.

Key words: celestial bodies; Substance; Mass energy; power; Eccentric scroll engine; Planet; Galaxy; Center; Make centripetal vortex surround; Elliptical motion; Density wave

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Critical Analysis of the Criminal Justice System in India

Kapil Dhundhwal

Pursuing LLM, at Department of Laws, Panjab University, Chandigarh- 160014 (India)

E-mail- kapilsingh376@gmail.com

Abstract: The tradition of teaching and research in critical criminal law have yet to take place in India. Criminal law as a discipline in India has largely been a normative subject without bringing a dimension of criticality in it. On the other hand the emerging scholarship in the western world is gradually shaping to evolve critical perspective in criminal law. These perspectives mainly adopted two approaches. One, critical legal studies perspective which looks at criminal law as a theoretical critique by applying philosophical and radical linings. The second approach is that all the critique of system and institutions associated with criminal law. This perspective is a functional critique of the institutionally working of the system. In its historical context criminal law has been seen as a repressive regime of the state which sanctions in enforces its definition right and wrong. Thus a critical approach is to give same explanation about the justification and limits of criminal law. It questions the legitimacy and rational of criminal law as an instrument of state power. This perspective is quite oppose to the mainstream theme in criminal law where criminal law is considered to be an essential feature of social order. In the critical legal study perspective the choices of explanation fall between the realistic and left idealistic positions. In this sense the critical writers focus precisely on the ideological significance of criminal law. The bigger critique of criminal law stands from fact that it has been used reinforce slavery, to secure the labour force, to maintain religious political hierarchies to convert customary rights in the poaching, and so on the grant tradition in criminology also question the culpability, it is process and its necessity in dealing with the challenges of crime. The whole debate in contemplating idea of criminal law also situated between the two notions of ‘law and context and normative law’. The law and context approach brings in several external factors into play which may have some bearing of the functioning of criminal law and its institutions. Thus the context in criminal law has now become a major point of defining element.

[Dhundhwal, K. Critical Analysis of the Criminal Justice System in India. Researcher 2023;15(3):24-28].ISSN1553-9865 (print); ISSN 2163-8950 (online).http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 03.doi:10.7537/marsrsj150323.03.

Keywords: Critical Analysis, Criminal, Justice System, India

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STUDY ON MAHATMA GANDHI & MUSLIM’S OF INDIA

Dr. Aprajita

Associate professor in History, Govt. College, Sector-1, Panchkula, Haryana (India)

Email:aprajita68@gmail.com

Abstract: Mahatma Gandhi possessed a sound knowledge of Islam and of the life and teachings of Prophet Mohammed. Gandhiji himself had declared that he had read the holy Quran and the life of Prophet Mohammed many times. Muslim friends and clients of Mahatma Gandhi in South Africa as well as his Muslims friends in India provided him some literatures on Islam and on the life of Prophet Mohammed. Mahatma Gandhi had claimed to read all those literatures very carefully. In addition, he also claimed to have understood those literatures to a great extent. Mahatma Gandhi had read the translation of the Holy Quran and other Islamic literatures produced by Thomas Carlyle, Maulana Shibli Numani, Maulana Syed Amir Ali, Abdullah Suhrawardy, Dr. Mohammed, and Sir Ross Massod. Also, Mahatma Gandhi regularly carried on sympathetic debates with eminent Islamic scholars like Maulana Mohammed Ali, Maulana Shaukat Ali, Hakim Ajmal Khan, Dr. M.A. Ansari, Maulana Muhammad Ali Jauhar, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad, Mohammed Mujeeb, Syed Abid Hussain, Dr. Zakir Hussain and others. Gandhiji believed that Prophet Mohammed was a seeker of truth. He was God fearing and he suffered endless persecution. Time and again, Mahatma Gandhi had asserted that Islam has not been kept alive by the sword, but by the many sufi saints and scholars with high sense of honour whom it has produced. Therefore, he firmly believed that the Holy Quran stresses mercy and patience as the essential human virtues. Keeping in view his understanding of Islam and the Holy Quran, it appears that Mahatma Gandhi, more or less, lived an Islamic life.

[Aprajita. STUDY ON MAHATMA GANDHI & MUSLIM’S OF INDIA. Researcher 2023;15(3):29-34]. ISSN 1553-9865 (print); ISSN 2163-8950 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher.

04.doi:10.7537/marsrsj150323.04.

Keywords: India, Mahatma Gandhi, Muslim

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Constitutional Validity of Capital Punishment

Manpreet Kaur

H. No. 386/4 Adarsh Nagar, near labour colony Panipat, Haryana (India)

E-mail- manpreetpeehu272012@gmail.com

Abstract: Capital punishment or death penalty have always been a topic of contradiction not only in India but also in several developed countries. In India, the motive for providing punishment is based on two aspects; the first being that the offender should suffer for the pain and injury he/she casted upon the victim and another motive is to discourage others from committing wrongs by sanctioning punishments. This paper focuses on Capital Punishment in India which is also known as the death penalty which is awarded by the court in very rare cases. Furthermore, this paper also explores the constitutional validity of capital punishment in the context of Indian Judiciary. To understand the present status of Capital Punishment in India, it is important to know the history of advent of capital punishment and why is it given only in certain crimes, making it a contradictory topic from a moral point of view. Therefore, this paper shall deal with the history of Capital Punishment, followed by landmark cases decided by the Indian Courts. In order to acquire clarity of Capital Punishment on a large scale, it is essential to have the knowledge of differentiating ideologies of other countries as well. So, this paper will also briefly define methods used by different countries for giving capital punishment, including India. This paper extols the opinions as to why this sort of punishment is a formidable question on morality and its aspects while delivering at the same time, arguments for the veracity of its need.

[Kaur, M. Constitutional Validity of Capital Punishment. Researcher 2023;15(3):35-38]. ISSN 1553-9865 (print); ISSN 2163-8950 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 05.doi:10.7537/marsrsj150323.05.

Keywords: Constitutional Validity, Validity, Punishment, India

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General Defences Under of Torts

Pooja Rani

H. No. 678New Diwan Nagar, Panipat, Haryana (India)

E-mail- pujanegi9188@gmail.com

Abstract: General Defences are basically set of those defences which have evolved over time and accepted by the courts from time to time which can be taken as excuses in order to escape the liability in torts as long as the defendant’s action qualify the terms and conditions that are attached with respective defences. There are some defences which are particularly associated with certain offences, like in case of defamation, defence of truth, privilege and fair comment are available, while there are other defences can be used in all or many of the torts like Consent and Third Party’s Fault.

[Rani, P. General Defences Under of Torts. Researcher 2023;15(3):39-43]. ISSN 1553-9865 (print); ISSN 2163-8950 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 06.doi:10.7537/marsrsj150323.06.

Keywords: General Defences, Torts, India

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Role of Juvenile Justice System in India

Monika Panwar

H. No. 581 L Behind Model Towen, Panipat, Haryana (India)

E-mail- monapanwar9813023230@gmail.com

Abstract: A juvenile is a child who has not reached the age of 18. India is a developing nation. Juvenile crimes are on the rise these days. Parliament passed the Juvenile Justice Act in 1986 to provide care, protection, treatment, development, and rehabilitation to neglected or delinquent juveniles. In India, the Juvenile Justice Act, of 1986 was repealed, and the Juvenile Justice Act, of 2000 was enacted. The Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act of 2000 serves as India’s primary legal framework for juvenile justice. This act was amended again in 2006 and 2010. Following the Delhi gang-rape (16th December 2012), the law received widespread criticism for its inability to combat crimes involving juveniles in heinous crimes like rape and murder. In December 2015, Parliament passed the Juvenile Justice Bill, 2014, which became the Juvenile Justice Act, 2015. It went into effect on the 15th of January of this year. Section 2(a) of the Act of 1986 defined the term juvenile as “a boy under the age of 16 and a girl under the age of 16 have reached the age of 18 “. Meanwhile, India has signed and ratified the UN Charter. The 1989 Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC) addressed adolescent rights. A juvenile is defined as someone under the age of 18.

[Panwar, M. Role of Juvenile Justice System in India. Researcher 2023;15(3):44-49]. ISSN 1553-9865 (print); ISSN 2163-8950 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 07.doi:10.7537/marsrsj150323.07.

Keywords: Doli Incapax, Child Rights, Juvenile Justice, Minority, Child Welfare Commission.

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Translated from Uzbek to English - www.onlinedoctranslator.com

ZAMIN GROWS IN THE NATIONAL NATURE GARDEN AND IS USED IN FOLK MEDICINEROSES - SPECIAL PROPERTIES OF UNIQUE MEDICINAL PLANTS BELONGING TO THE ROSACEAE FAMILY

¹Sakiev Kabiljon Bosimovich

Research Institute of Environment and Nature Protection Technologiesk.sakiev@bk.ru

²Torakulova Dilnoza Egamberdievna

Student of the Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering Technologies, Tashkent State Technical University

³Borasulov AkmalMirayimovich

Head of the Agrobiotechnology Department of the Tashkent branch of the Samarkand State University of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Husbandry and Biotechnology,

bioinformatics-genetics@mail.ru

⁴Sattarov Muzaffar Eshtemirovich

Head of the National Collection of Microorganisms for Production at the Tashkent Research Institute of Vaccines and Serums,m_sattorov@mail.ru

Abstract: In this articlein folk medicine, tea is drunk from apricot kernels when the heart aches and in cases of heart disease. Apricot fruit gives a person medicine, helps in case of anemia. Abu Ali ibn Sina used apricot fruit to treat gastrointestinal diseases.The glue collected from the bark of the tree is used in scientific medicine in the preparation of dressings and oil emulsions.Apricot kernel oil is widely used in the pharmaceutical industry.Zomin National Nature Park is a place that naturally preserves the gene pool of valuable plants necessary for humans. Medicinal, aromatic, honey, cooking, food, decorative, building materials, and other groups of plants that have become important in human life are widespread.Problems of preservation and reproduction of rare and disappearing plant species are becoming more difficult. If measures are not taken in time to determine their distribution in one or another area, to study the population situation, to take into account the factors affecting the disappearance of species, the problems may deepen.In conclusion, we can say that Zomin National Park is a place rich in medicinal plants.

[Sakiev K. at. El.Zamin Grows In The National Nature Garden And Is Used In Folk MedicineRoses - Special Properties Of Unique Medicinal Plants Belonging To The Rosaceae Family. Researcher 2023;15(3):50-53]. ISSN 1553-9865 (print); ISSN 2163-8950 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 08

doi:10.7537/marsrsj150323.08.

Keywords: Zamin, garden, medicinal, family, nature park.

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