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Production of DNA vaccine coding for MCE4A and Esat-6 genes of Mycobacterium bovis

Michael, R.F.**; *Manal, O.Elhamshary. **¹Soliman, Y.A.;

**Central Laboratory for Evaluation of Veterinary Biologics, Abasia, Cairo.

* GEBRI, Molecular Diagnosis and Therputics  Dept. Al Sadat  University.\

Yousefadel00@hotmail.com

Abstract: One of the major aims in the tuberculosis infection is developing a vaccine that could prevent mycobacterial cells from being enter the macrophage and hence will be subjected to the immune defense mechanisms. MCE4A and Esat-6 are protein antigens of the secretory antigens that enables tuberculosis to enter macrophages thus neutralization of such antigen will aid in the restriction of disease development. In the current study the 1200bp full length mce4a gene and 300bp for esat 6 gene were amplified and cloned in gateway entry cloning vector( pEnter\SD\topo)  and then homologous recombination with the destination vector( pDEST 40) was done in order to develop the DNA vaccine. Vaccination of guinea pigs with this DNA vaccine and subsequent challenging with M bovis revealed comparable results with that of the BCG revealing that the vaccine could be promising approach to be tested on the cattle.

[Michael, R.F.; Manal, O.Elhamshary. Soliman, Y.A. Production of DNA vaccine coding for MCE4A and Esat-6 genes of Mycobacterium bovis.  Researcher 2022;14(6):1-12] ISSN 1553-9865 (print); ISSN 2163-8950 (online) http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 1. doi:10.7537/marsrsj140622.01.

Keywords: Production; DNA; vaccine; coding; MCE4A; gene; Mycobacterium bovis

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USE OF SINGLE-SUBJECT RESEARCH DESIGN IN SPECIAL EDUCATION: ADVANTAGE AND DISADVANTAGE

Kuldeep

Research Scholar, Department of Education, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra-136119, Haryana (India)

kuldeephaldana@gmail.com

Abstract: in the field of special Single-subject research design (SSRD) is a type of scientific research that is becoming more popular in the area of special education and it is an alternative to group-research designs. The objective of this paper is to provide an overview of single-subject experimental design including their basic features, type of SSRD used in special education research, and advantage and disadvantage of SSRD. Internal and external validity are also described. Replication of measurements across phases, baseline and intervention phase are the three foundations of SSRD. On the other hand, meta-analytic research can help to improve the generalizability of single-subject design findings in similar situations.

[Kuldeep. USE OF SINGLE-SUBJECT RESEARCH DESIGN IN SPECIAL EDUCATION: ADVANTAGE AND DISADVANTAGE. Researcher 2022;14(6):13-21] ISSN 1553-9865 (print); ISSN 2163-8950 (online) http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 2. doi:10.7537/marsrsj140622.02.

Key words: Single-subject Research Design, Special Education, Intervention, Children with Autism, disability, Withdrawal, Multiple-Baseline Design

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STUDY ON REVIEW OF LITERATURE ON INCOME TAX IN INDIA

*Manu Nandal and ** Dr. Gulab Singh

**Research Scholar, Department of Commerce, SunRise University, Alwar, Rajasthan (India)

* Associate Professor, Department of Commerce, SunRise University, Alwar, Rajasthan (India)

Email: manu.nandal@gmail.com

Abstract: Income tax is levied on the taxable income of an assessee. Direct taxation is a tax that an assessee pays directly to the entity that imposes it. Direct taxes cannot be passed on by an assessee to a different person or entity. The assessee on whom the tax is levied is mainly responsible for paying it. Some of the major examples of direct tax include income tax and corporate tax. This research paper attempts to make an analytical review of Direct Taxation in India and accordingly three major research questions are raised. What is the quantum of direct tax collection? What is the contribution of direct tax collection towards the total tax revenue collection? And what is the cost of direct tax collection incurred by the government of India? This research is primarily based on secondary data and the duration for this research works is for a period of five years starting from the year 2013-14 to 2017-18. Analytical review has been made to understand the quantum of direct tax collection, the relationship between direct tax collection with the total tax revenue collection and the cost of direct tax collection in India.

 [Nandal, M. and Singh, G. STUDY ON REVIEW OF LITERATURE ON INCOME TAX IN INDIA. Researcher 2022;14(6):22-25] ISSN 1553-9865 (print); ISSN 2163-8950(online) http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 3. doi:10.7537/marsrsj140622.03.

Keywords: Tax Revenue, Direct Taxation, Cost of Tax Collection, Income Tax Act 1961.

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Incidence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Proximate Composition and Single Cell Protein Produced from Fruit Wastes

^*Ajibade, Hauwa Yetunde; Ayegba, Sarah Ojochenemi; Abdallah, Hauwa Yusuf; Egbi, Titilayo Kemi

National Biotechnology Development Agency Abuja, Nigeria. * ajibadeyetunde@gmail.com

Abstract: The study on incidence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, proximate composition and single cell protein produced from fruit wastes was conducted in Abuja. Malt extract agar was used to isolate Saccharomyces cerevisiae from fruit wastes which include watermelon, banana, orange, pineapple and pawpaw respectively using spread plate technique of inoculation. After homogenization, 1g of the fruit wastes sample was dissolved in 10 ml sterilized distilled water. The sample suspension was diluted up to 10³. About 0.2 ml of the samples was inoculated on already prepared Malt extract agar plates. The inoculated plates were incubated at ambient temperature (25 ± 20C) for 72 hrs and were subsequently sub cultured to obtain pure isolates. The frequencies of occurrence of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae isolated from the fruit wastes were significantly (P<0.05) higher in banana fruit waste compared to the other fruit wastes, four (4) were isolated from banana waste, three (3) from orange waste, two (2) each from pawpaw and pineapple respectively while only one was isolated from watermelon being the least. The protein content for the selected fruit wastes showed that the crude protein content was higher in pawpaw (18.09±0.02 %) and lower in pineapple (5.11±0.47 %) and, there was no significant difference (P< 0.05) between the proximate values of each of the fruits wastes obtained. The extracted fruits juices were filtered with the use of a Muslin cloth. The juices were separately inoculated with 10³ cells/ml of 48 hrs old culture of Saccharomyces cerevisiae isolate and then incubated for 5days to ferment. After fermentation, the dry weights were measured and the protein estimation was determined. The result showed that the dry weight of banana waste was the highest (210 mg), followed by pawpaw with 200 mg. Pineapple had a dry weight of 190 mg and the dry weight of orange was 170 mg while that of watermelon was 100 mg. Based on the fermentation caused by Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the highest biomass (wet and dry biomass) was recorded for banana being 270 and 210 mg respectively. The single cell protein obtained from the fruits wastes using Saccharomyces cerevisiae showed that banana had a significantly higher (P>0.05) quantity of single cell protein of 26.2 mg than pawpaw and watermelon with 20.7 mg and 20.2 mg respectively.  Similarly, Orange produced 15.5 mg of single cell protein which was higher than that of pineapple having produced only 12.6 mg of single cell protein, being the least. It is evident that the fruit wastes have significant proximate values which rapidly promote the growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells for the production of single cell protein.

[Ajibade, Hauwa Yetunde; Ayegba, Sarah Ojochenemi; Abdallah, Hauwa Yusuf; Egbi, Titilayo Kemi. Incidence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Proximate Composition and Single Cell Protein Produced from Fruit Wastes. Researcher 2022;14(6):26-33] ISSN 1553-9865 (print); ISSN 2163-8950 (online) http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 4. doi:10.7537/marsrsj140622.04.

Keywords: Saccharomyces cerevisiae, fruit wastes, single cell protein

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A Comparative study of sedative efficacy of anal suppository of tramadol versus diclofenac in reducing acute migraine pain on mental retards in an institution for mentally handicapped

*Dr Malihe Vakili

Department of Neurology, Birjand University of Medical Sciense, Birjand, Iran

*Corresponding author: Email id : malihe86@yahoo.com

.

Abstract: Background: The pupose of our study is to compare the sedative efficacy of tramadol and diclofenac sodium used as a anal suppository and compare the adverse effects of both drugs. Materials and Methods: The study design is prospective, randomized, single blind and institutional based. Sixty patients with 19-27 years of age with acute migraine attack on waking up in the morning were eligible in this study and were randomized to receive either anal suppository of tramadol 100mg(n=20) GroupT or anal diclofenac100 mg (n=20), GroupD. Pain measurement was performed usin g visual analoguescale(VAS). Rescue analgesia was given when the VAS was noted>3 in a period of pain up to 6 hours. Adverse effects like nausea, vomiting, were seen during the same period.

Conclusion: anal suppository of tramadol as well as diclofenac are effective for suppressing migraine pain. Diclfenac is better alternative than tramadol as it is free of nausea and vomiting and have longer duration.

[Dr Malihe Vakili. A Comparative study of sedative efficacy of anal suppository of tramadol versus diclofenac in reducing acute migraine pain on mental retards in an institution for mentally handicapped. Researcher 2022;14(6):34-37] ISSN 1553-9865 (print); ISSN 2163-8950 (online) http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 5. doi:10.7537/marsrsj140622.05.

Key words: sedative efficacy, migraine pain, suppository, tramadol,diclofenac sodium.

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Evaluation of Recognition-Based Graphical Password Schemes in Terms of Usability and Security Attributes 

 Touraj Khodadadi¹, A.K.M. Muzahidul Islam², Shozo Komaki³, Sabariah Baharun⁴ 

 ¹²³⁴Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology (MJIIT) Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Semarak, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

E-mail: ktouraj2@live.utm.my¹, mmmislam@ic.utm.my², pkomaki@ic.utm.my³ ssabariah@ic.utm.my⁴

Abstract:  User Authentication is a critical component in information security. Several widely used mechanisms for security to protect services from illegal access include passwords and alphanumerical usernames. However, there are several drawbacks attached to this method. For instance, the users themselves normally use passwords that are easy to guess. Their reasoning for this is that difficult passwords would be difficult to recall as well. A new alternative is the graphic-based password and there has been a growing trend in the use of such a password. The human psychology study reveals that humans find it easier to remember pictures as opposed to words. There are two main aspects to the graphical password scheme namely security and usability. This study comprises of a comprehensive research in the current Recognition-Based graphical password schemes. The common usability attributes and possible attacks on the Recognition-Based graphical password are reviewed, identified and examined in detail. Lastly, a comparison table is revealed to put forth the limitations and strengths of each approach in terms of security and usability.

[Touraj Khodadadi, A.K.M. Muzahidul Islam, Shozo Komaki, Sabariah Baharun. Evaluation of Recognition-Based Graphical Password Schemes in Terms of Usability and Security Attributes. Researcher 2022;14(6):38-49] ISSN 1553-9865 (print); ISSN 2163-8950 (online) http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 6. doi:10.7537/marsrsj140622.06.

Keywords:  Authentication, Recognition-Based; Security and Usability; Graphical Password.

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Privacy and information technology: the experience of the modern legal regulation

Gulnar Aytzhanovna Alibayeva, Kultay Agytaevna Adilova, Myra Halelkyzy Zhumanova.

Humanitarian University of Transport and Law after D.A. Kunaev.

Tel: 8 (10) 7014356089

Abstract: Institute of privacy acts as the cornerstone of modern democracy, it is one of the most fundamental and complex problems, which face the international community. The central element of the Institute of privacy is the confidential communication with other people with use of means of personal communication. Secrecy of postal and telegraph correspondence, being one of the basic constitutional rights of the person and citizen, at the same time is the most vulnerable and highly complicated in terms of protection. At the moment, we are witnessing a radical change in the pattern of communication between people in the world because of the new information technologies’ emergence. However, because human nature does not change, new technologies carry not only unforeseen opportunities for intellectual and technological progress, but also unexpected means and ways of committing crimes. Crime has become much more sophisticated, armed with the information technology, and naturally, the secret services must possess adequate resources to prevent and investigate crimes. At the same time, legislator does not keep pace with the rapid development of new technologies that are difficult to comprehend at once. In general, the situation conceals in itself the new threats to human freedom, primarily the right to access to information and to privacy. It is therefore crucial to understand the essence of information relations in the new environment, development and formulation of new safeguards for the protection of human rights. This resulted in the need to consider the issues of legal regulation of personal information protection in the paper.

[Gulnar Aytzhanovna Alibayeva, Kultay Agytaevna Adilova, Myra Halelkyzy Zhumanova. Privacy and information technology: the experience of the modern legal regulation. Researcher 2022;14(6):50-56] ISSN 1553-9865 (print); ISSN 2163-8950 (online) http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 7. doi:10.7537/marsrsj140622.07.

Key words: confidentiality of correspondence, telephone conversations secrecy, right to inviolability of privacy, the right to privacy, protection of personal information, means of personal communication, information technology.

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