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Temperature Control of Stirred Tank Heater using Optimal Control Technique

Mustefa Jibril ¹, Messay Tadese ², Eliyas Alemayehu Tadese ³

^1. School of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Dire Dawa Institute of Technology, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia

^2. School of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Dire Dawa Institute of Technology, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia

^3. Faculty of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Jimma Institute of Technology, Jimma, Ethiopia 

mustefazinet1981@gmail.com

Abstract: This paper presents the application of optimal control problem in modeling of stirred tank heater temperature control. The analysis of the open loop system shows that the system is not efficient without a controller. Linear Quadratic Gaussian (LQG) and Linear Quadratic Integral (LQI) controllers are used to increase the performance of the system. Comparison of the closed loop system with the proposed controllers have been done with Matlab/Simulink Toolbox and a promising results have been analyzed.

[Mustefa Jibril, Messay Tadese, Eliyas Alemayehu Tadese. Temperature Control of Stirred Tank Heater using Optimal Control Technique. Researcher 2020;12(9):1-6]. ISSN 1553-9865 (print); ISSN 2163-8950 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 1. doi:10.7537/marsrsj120920.01.

Keywords: Stirred tank heater, Linear Quadratic Gaussian, Linear Quadratic Integral

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Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Parasites of Small Ruminants in and around Nekemte Town, Western Ethiopia.

¹ Mohammed Abdulkadir, ^2* Haile Worku

¹ Benishngul -Gumuz Regional State, Assosa Trypanosomiasis and Tse tse Fly Control Center, Asossa, Ethiopia

^2* Benishngul -Gumuz Regional State, Bureau of Agriculture and Natural Resource, P.O. Box: 30 Assosa, Ethiopia

Email: workuhaile29@mail.com

Abstract:- A cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2014 to April 2015 with the objectives of determining the prevalence, identifying the species involved and assessing risk factors of gastrointestinal parasites in small ruminants in Nekemte town. In this study, Postmortem examinations were conducted to appreciate the adult parasites by collecting intestinal contents from slaughtered sheep and goats in different restaurants found in Nekemte town. Faecal samples were also collected to detect some parasites those are not morphologically appreciated easily. From a total of 384 animals (260 sheep and 124 goats) examined, overall of 261(67.9%) individual animals were harboring one or more GIT parasites. The study found that 172(70.4%) sheep and 89(63.5%) goats were found to harbor eggs of GIT parasites. The prevalence of various types of parasites like Haemonchus 23.7%, 9.3%; Paramphistomum 9%, 6.4%; Fasciola 8.6%, 2.8%; Trichostrongylus 5.7%, 12%; Emeria 7%, 5.7%; Monezia 5%, 6.4%; Chabertia 4.5%, 3.6%; Strongloides 3.3%, 4.3%; Ostertagia 2%, 3.6%; Trichuris 1.6%, 8.6% were existed in sheep and goats, respectively. Prevalence rates of GIT parasites according to the species of were 70.4% and 63.5% sheep and goats, respectively. There was statistically significant difference in prevalence of GIT parasites between of animals (P<0.05, OR=2.50). This result shows Ovine species were more likely to be affected by GIT parasites more than two times as compared to that of Caprine species. Sex-wise prevalence of GIT parasite was also observed and it was higher in female (81.4%) as compared to the male (60.4%) with statistically significant difference (P<0.05, OR=2.87) between sex groups. Based on age of animals, prevalence of GIT parasite was higher in the young (92.7%) than in adult (59.7%). The study showed that GIT parasites are major problems of Small ruminants in the study area. Therefore, awareness creation to the farmers should be instituted in the study area on the effect of gastrointestinal parasites of small ruminants and its control and strategic deworming of small ruminants should be practiced.

[Haile Worku, Mohammed Abdulkadir. Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Parasites of Small Ruminants in and around Nekemte Town, Western Ethiopia. Researcher 2020;12(9):7-16]. ISSN 1553-9865 (print); ISSN 2163-8950 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 2. doi:10.7537/marsrsj120920.02.

Key words: Nekemte town, Gastrointestinal Parasite, Prevalence, Sheep and goat

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Analysis of Load Sharing on Pile Raft Foundation under Eccentric Loads

El-samny, M.K. ¹, Ezz-Eldeen, H.A^.1, Elbatal, S. A.¹ and Kamar, A.M.²

¹Faculty of Engineering, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt

²Faculty of Engineering, Sinai University, El Arish, Egypt

Abstract: The present study is mainly based on the determination of the effect of lateral loads on load sharing between piles and soil and distribution of stress under soil before and after redistributed of load from soil to pile under six piles their diameters are fixed (D=0.6 m) and the spacing between piles are various (Sp =3D, 4D, 5D and 6D) and their length are various (Lp=34D, 36D, 38D and 40D). The pile-raft foundation subjected to horizontal load equal (10%) of the vertical load. Also, the values of dynamic loads from time history (El-centro earth quake). Raft on piles the thickness of raft is (t=1.0D). Finite element package of a PLAXIS 3D version 2013. (a finite element code for soil and rock analysis) has been used to determine the Stress under pile and soil before and after redistribution of load on pile from soil, percentage load carried by pile and soil, settlement under piles and distribution of load among pile length. It was found that the load on pile due to lateral force increase by increasing length of pile and decreases by increasing pile spacing and at Sp≥5D there is no effect on load on pile.

[El-samny, M.K., Ezz-Eldeen, H.A, Elbatal, S. A. and Kamar, A.M. Analysis of Load Sharing on Pile Raft Foundation under Eccentric Loads. Researcher 2020;12(9):17-40]. ISSN 1553-9865 (print); ISSN 2163-8950 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 3. doi:10.7537/marsrsj120920.03.

Keywords: Analysis; Load; Sharing; Pile; Raft; Foundation; Eccentric

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Avipoxviruses

Zeinab M. S. Amin Girh¹, Nagwa S. Rabie¹ and Mona S. Zaki²

¹Department of Poultry Diseases, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.

²Hydrobiology Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza Egypt

drmonazaki@yahoo.com

Abstract: Avipoxviruses (APVs) belong to the Chordopoxvirinae subfamily of the Poxviridae family. APVs are distributed worldwide and cause disease in domestic, pet and wild birds of many species. APVs are transmitted by aerosols and biting insects, particularly mosquitoes and arthropods and are usually named after the bird species from which they were originally isolated. The virus species Fowlpox virus (FWPV) causes disease in poultry and associated mortality is usually low, but in flocks under stress (other diseases, high production) mortality can reach up to 50%. APVs are also major players in viral vaccine vector development for diseases in human and veterinary medicine. Abortive infection in mammalian cells (no production of progeny viruses) and their ability to accommodate multiple gene inserts are some of the characteristics that make APVs promising vaccine vectors.

[Zeinab M. S. Amin Girh, Nagwa S. Rabie and Mona S. Zaki. Avipoxviruses. Researcher 2020;12(9):41-45]. ISSN 1553-9865 (print); ISSN 2163-8950 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 4. doi:10.7537/marsrsj120920.04.

Keywords: Avipoxviruses (APVs); Chordopoxvirinae; Poxviridae; mosquitoes; vaccine vectors

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The effect of some urinary species on crystallization of calcium oxalate monohydrate in simulating urinary environment

Naema S. Yehia¹, Abdelrahman A. Badawy²*, Mai A. Ibrahim¹

¹ Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Egypt

² Physical Chemistry Department, Division of Inorganic Chemical Industries and Mineral Resources, National Research Centre, 33 El Behooth St., Dokki Giza, Egypt

*Corresponding author: aabadawy107@yahoo.com

Abstract: The mechanism of crystallization of COM crystals at conditions simulating to artificial urine was studied. XRD, FTIR, SEM, SSA and EDX techniques have been used to elucidate the structure of prepared crystals. The crystallization rates of COM crystals carried out at 37 ^oC, I = 0.3 mol.dm^-3, pH = 5.5, ɣ = 0.4 and the reaction experiment initiated using 0.01 g of seed crystals in each experiment. The order of crystallization of COM crystals at experimental condition was2, which suggests surface-controlled mechanism. The effect of fluid dynamics on the rates of crystallization of COM crystals and the lower value of Ea ( 0.95634 J / mole), supported the surface-controlled mechanism. The rates of crystallization of COM crystals were increased by increasing the values of ionic strength of the medium. Increasing the values of pH of the medium, increased the crystallization rates of COM crystals till pH = 8, after it, the rates decreased with increasing pH values. The effect of concentrations of urine components using concentrations of components similar to that of artificial urine was studied.

[Naema S. Yehia, Abdelrahman A. Badawy, Mai A. Ibrahim. The effect of some urinary species on crystallization of calcium oxalate monohydrate in simulating urinary environment. Researcher 2020;12(9):46-52]. ISSN 1553-9865 (print); ISSN 2163-8950 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 5. doi:10.7537/marsrsj120920.05.

Keywords: Calcium oxalate, Urine stone, crystal growth, Inhibition, sparingly soluble salt

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[Researcher 2020;12(9):53-56]. ISSN 1553-9865 (print); ISSN 2163-8950 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 6.

withdrawn 

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Isolation And Antimicrobial Resistance Profile Of Salmonella Isolated From Chicken Swab In Asossa, Bambasi And Pawe Poultry Farms, Benishangul Gumuz Regional State

*Asmamaw Aki and Birhanu Eticha

Assosa, Regional Veterinary Diagnostic, Surveillance, Monitoring and Study Laboratory, P.O. Box 326, Assosa, Ethiopia; asmamawaki@gmail.com, phone: 0902330029

Abstract: A cross - sectional study on isolation and antimicrobial resistance pattern of Salmonella spp in Asossa, Bambasi and pawe poultry farms, were carried out from November 2019 to May 2020 with the objectives to determine the prevalence of salmonella species, associated risk factors and antimicrobial resistance pattern of the isolates. For this purpose, a total of 384 cloacal swab samples were collected and were subjected to various cultural and biochemical examinations as the results, 87(22.65%) of the positive isolates were identified. In this study, previous treatment history, body conditions and salmonella spp were potential risk factors, which were statistically significant value for salmonella infection (p<0.000) whereas origin/sites/ and sex groups were not significant (p>0.05). Age categories, breed factors and floor types were slightly significant. The antimicrobial susceptibility profile of all isolates were assessed against ten antimicrobials by disk diffusion technique; almost all isolates were resistant to one or more of the tested antimicrobials. Of all isolates, 95.6 % were multidrug resistant (MDR). 84.78%, 80.43%, 76.08%, 69.56%, 67.39%, 56.52% and 47.82% of the isolates were resistant to Tetracycline, Streptomycin, Kanamycine, Norfloxacin, Trimthoprim, Nalidixic Acid and Chloramphenicol respectively. However, the majority of the isolates were susceptible to ciprofloxacin /Enrofloxacin/ and gentamycin, followed by sulphonamides. This is a significant threat to public health particularly to those who have direct or indirect contact to poultry and poultry products so that hygienic management of poultry and its products in order to reduce the risk and selection of antimicrobials by antimicrobial sensitivity test were also suggested.

[ Asmamaw Akiand Birhanu Eticha. Isolation And Antimicrobial Resistance Profile Of Salmonella Isolated From Chicken Swab In Asossa, Bambasi And Pawe Poultry Farms, Benishangul Gumuz Regional State. Researcher 2020;12(9):57-74]. ISSN 1553-9865 (print); ISSN 2163-8950 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 7. doi:10.7537/marsrsj120920.07.

Keywords: Asossa, Bambasi, Cloacal swab, drug resistant, Isolates, Chicken, multidrug resistance, pawe

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Research on the Construction of Ideological and Political Teaching Content and Characteristic Effect of "Introduction to World Classic Movies" Driven by Value

Chen Yuehong ¹, Jiang Fan ², YU Fanchao ³

^1. School of Humanities, Social Sciences and Law, Harbin Institute of Technology, Heilongjiang Harbin, China;

^2. Sports department, Harbin Institute of Technology, Heilongjiang Harbin, China;

^3. School of Architecture, Harbin Institute of Technology, Heilongjiang Harbin

Abstract: The ideological and political education of the course of "Introduction to the world classic films" is a comprehensive art aesthetic. Because of its more vivid, three-dimensional, full and diversified aesthetics, it can greatly enhance the contemporary college students' audio-visual aesthetic power and moral judgment. The classic film has its profound philosophy, connotation and profound thought, This is enough to guide the mainstream values of contemporary college students. From the structure of the content, the selection of knowledge points and the teaching method, the course is suitable for its guiding ideology, forming a classroom teaching system reflecting the teaching idea of "taking students as the main body and teachers as the leading", which further deepens the reform of teaching content, implements the renewal of teaching ideas and the reform of teaching ideas. It has greatly improved the teaching quality inside and outside the classroom, and has the demonstration function.

[Chen Yuehong, Jiang Fan, YU Fanchao. Research on the Construction of Ideological and Political Teaching Content and Characteristic Effect of "Introduction to World Classic Movies" Driven by Value. Researcher 2020;12(9):75-79]. ISSN 1553-9865 (print); ISSN 2163-8950 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 8. doi:10.7537/marsrsj120920.08.

Keywords: Ideological and political; method; value; leading

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Extraction and Determination of Piperine and Mineral Contents of Ethiopia and Alligator Peppers Grown in Nigeria

Onmeje Godwin Okibe* Ajibola Victor Olatunji, Agbaji Edith Bolanle

Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Physical Science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria

*Correspondence: okibego@gmail.com

Abstract: This study investigated the extraction and determination of piperine and mineral content in Ethiopia and Alligator pepper grown in Nigeria. Piperine contents of the raw samples and their extracts were determined spectrophotometrically. The concentration of piperine in mg/g for alligator pepper and extracts are: 16.241 ± 0.10, 8.494 ± 0.10, 8.759 ± 0.10, 7.153 ± 0.10, 6.879 ± 0.10 and 8.031 ± 0.10 while that of Ethiopian pepper and extracts are as follows: 16.865 ± 0.10, 7.766 ± 0.10, 7.936 ± 0.10, 7.578 ± 0.10, 7.020 ± 0.10 and 7.246 ± 0.10 mg/g. The mineral contents of the raw samples and their extracts were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry after wet ashing of the samples using Varian AA240FS Fast Sequential Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. While Sodium (Na) and potassium (K) were analysed by flame photometry using Essex PFP 7 Jenway model flame photometer. The results of the mineral contents for Alligator pepper seeds are: K:3.90, Na: 3.20, Ca:45.01, Mg: 58.85, Fe: 11.44, Zn: 3.95, Mn: 10.45, Cu: 0.09 and Ethiopian pepper are: K: 5.30, Na: 2.70, Ca: 34.71, Mg: 39.93, Fe:1.22, Zn: 0.72, Mn:1.35, Cu: 0.18. These values are in mg/kg. It can be concluded that, these two peppers and their extracts can be used as food supplements apart from serving as food flavour and the study has also revealed that they are good sources of piperine.

[Okibe GO, Ajibola V.O., Agbaji EB. Extraction and Determination of Piperine and Mineral Contents of Ethiopia and Alligator Pepper Grown in Nigeria. Researcher 2020;12(9):80-86]. ISSN 1553-9865 (print); ISSN 2163-8950 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 9. doi:10.7537/marsrsj120920.09.

Keywords: Piperine, Alligator pepper, Ethiopia pepper, Aframomum melegueta, Xylopia aethiopica

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