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Ecological Assessment of Zooplankton Diversity in A Tropical Rainforest River in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria.

John, U. E¹., George, U. U².

¹Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Abia State.

²Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Akwa Ibom State University, Ikot Akpaden, Mkpat Enin, Akwa Ibom State.

talk2georgeubong@gmail.com

Abstract: Ecological assessment of zooplankton diversity in Ikpe Ikot Nkon River, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria was conducted for twelve months between October, 2017 and September, 2018. The objective of the study was to investigate the abundance and species composition of zooplankton from three sampling stations in the study area. A total of twenty-five (25) taxa, comprising 906 individual zooplankton species, belonging to four (4) taxonomic groups were identified. Rotifer dominated with 32.9 %, followed by cladoceran 30.4 % and protozoa which contributed 17.7 % of total abundance of zooplankton species identified during the study. Station 1 had the highest number of individual species (456), followed by station 2 (268) and station 3 (182) with the relative abundance of 50.4%, 29.6% and 20% respectively. Pleuroxus levis were observed to be the most abundant species which accounted for 9.16%, followed by Zoeo larvae 7.50 %, Daphnia pulex 7.39 %, Trichocera similis 7.17 % and the lowest was Bosmina longirotris 0.22 %. Seasonally, high number of species were recorded during the wet season (546) over the dry season (360) with the relative abundance of 60.3 % and 39.7 % respectively. Based on these findings, it could be concluded that the low species of zooplankton obtained in this study were influenced by the ecological characteristics of the water body.

[John, U. E., George, U. U. Ecological Assessment of Zooplankton Diversity in A Tropical Rainforest River in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. Researcher 2019;11(11):1-8]. ISSN 1553-9865 (print); ISSN 2163-8950 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 1. doi:10.7537/marsrsj111119.01.

Keywords: Ecological; Assessment; Zooplankton; Diversity; Tropical Rainforest River.

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Carbetocin versus Oxytocin in Cesarean Section in a Patient with a High Risk of Postpartum Hemorrhage

Abd-Elazem Mohamed Ahmed, Ashraf Hamdy Mohamed and Elsayed Ahmed Abdelaty Abdelkader

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Al Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt

Sayedman1987@hotmail.com

Abstract: Aim: To compare the efficacy of oxytocin and Carbetocin to prevent the PPH in cesarean section at high risk of primary postpartum hemorrhage. Material and Methods: A Prospective Randomized Comparative Study was carried out at Sayed Galal and Al Hussein Hospitals at Al Azhar University in Cairo. 200 pregnant women with high risk of primary postpartum hemorrhage undergoing cesarean section were involved in the study. Patients divided into two groups: Group A (Carbetocin): included (100) pregnant women undergoing elective cesarean section with use a bolus of 100 μg Carbetocin IV at delivery of the anterior shoulder and Group B (Oxytocin): included (100) pregnant women undergoing elective cesarean section with use of 20 IU of oxytocin in 1000 ml of 0.9% NaCl solution IV (150 mL/hour) at delivery of the anterior shoulder. Results: The present study showed that Hb decrease at 12 hours from delivery in the oxytocin group and Hb level was significant (- 0.6 g/dl vs - 1.2 g/dl, p 0.03). As regards incidence and severity of PPH; In fact, we did not demonstrate any difference in the amount of blood loss after cesarean section but within 2 hours and 24 hours, we showed in the oxytocin group higher degree of blood loss than Carbetocin group and there was no significant difference. Otherwise, no other significant difference between two groups regarding incidence of PPH, need for additional uterotonic drugs (with less need in Carbetocin group than oxytocin group) nor incidence of other side effects like headache. Conclusion: single injection of Carbetocin appears to be more effective than a continuous infusion of oxytocin to maintain adequate uterine tone. Further studies are needed to verify our findings.

[Abd-Elazem Mohamed Ahmed, Ashraf Hamdy Mohamed and Elsayed Ahmed Abdelaty Abdelkader. Carbetocin versus Oxytocin in Cesarean Section in a Patient with a High Risk of Postpartum Hemorrhage. Researcher 2019;11(11):9-15]. ISSN 1553-9865 (print); ISSN 2163-8950 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 2. doi:10.7537/marsrsj111119.02.

Keywords: post-partum haemorrhage, uterotonic drugs, carbetocin, oxytocin.

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Effect of various doses of nitrogen on infestation rate of whitefly in Gossypium hirsutum L.

Irum Waheed¹, Ayesha Anwar^2*, Kiaenat Nazir¹, Farwa Bashir¹, Kainat Fatima¹, Asif Hussain², Iqra² and M. Umair Gulzar²

¹Department Of Zoology, wildlife and fisheries, University of Agriculture Faisalabad

²Department Of Entomology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad

*Corresponding author’s email: ayeshachudhary29@gmail.com

Abstract: Cotton is an important cash crop of Pakistan. It is highly infested by insect pests every year. Insect population on a crop is dependent on plant nutrition. In this research, an experiment was conducted to study the impact of nitrogen application on infestation of whitefly on two different genotypes Lalazar and MH-114 at research area of department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad. Three doses of Nitrogen 50kg/ ha, 80kg/ha, and 140kg/ha was used following Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. Data of whitefly infestation (adults and nymphs) was recorded on weekly basis for consecutive four months. Data of weather factors was taken from Weather Station University of Agriculture Faisalabad. Statistical analysis of recorded data was carried out to compare the mean population of whitefly in different nitrogen treatments on two cotton genotypes. Results will be analyzed statistically using Statistix 8.1. Results indicate that that high dose of the nitrogen showed higher whitefly population as compared to recommended and low dose. The low dose of the nitrogen showed lower population of whitefly as compared to the recommended and high dose.

[Irum Waheed, Ayesha Anwar, Kiaenat Nazir, Farwa Bashir, Kainat Fatima, Asif Hussain, Iqra and M. Umair Gulza. Effect of various doses of nitrogen on infestation rate of whitefly in Gossypium hirsutum L. Researcher 2019;11(11):16-24]. ISSN 1553-9865 (print); ISSN 2163-8950 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 3. doi:10.7537/marsrsj111119.03.

Key words: whitefly, nitrogen levels, cotton

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Multi-detector CT Minimum Intensity Projection and Volumetric High Resolution CT Images in Diagnosis of Interstitial Lung Diseases

Suzan Aly Fahmy Swelum, Abdullah Hussein Ahmed and Doaa Zainelabdeen Ahmed Abdulhafeez

Radiodiagnosis Department, Faculty of Medicine for Girls Al-Azhar University, Egypt

duaazain.dz@gmail.com

Abstract: Aim of the work: This study aims to estimate the role Multi-detector CT Minimum Intensity Projection and Volumetric High Resolution CT Images in Diagnosis of Interstitial Lung Diseases. Patients and Methods: It is a cross sectional study carried out at Al-Zahraa University Hospital. It recorded data concerning assessment of Interstitial Lung Diseases with Multi-detector CT Minimum Intensity Projection and Volumetric High Resolution CT during the period from January 2019 to October 2019. The study included 20 patients; suspected or diagnosed of having Interstitial Lung Diseases. The scans were performed using 84-MDCT scanner. Scans were acquired at end inspiration with patients placed in the supine position. No contrast medium administered Conventional HRCT images and MinIP Images were interpreted together and the results of HRCT and MinIP images were compared with HRCT considered as the study reference in our work since it is the well-established technique in the diagnosis of ILD in literature and in most institutes. Results: A total number of 20 patients (7 males and 13 females) with various confirmed or suspected diagnoses including 11 IPFs, 2 Sarcoidosis, CILD, PLCH, NSIP, LAM and HP. Diagnoses were made based on CT characteristic findings, associated CT findings and clinical history. MinIP added value to the assessment in some finding more evident than others such as GGOs, bronchiectasis, cysts and honeycombing more than fibrotic and high density changes. Conclusion: MinIP is one of the multiplanar techniques of HRCT. It proved throughout our study to be an informative complementary tool increasing the observer confidence and agreement regarding some findings as compared with HRCT alone.

[Suzan Aly Fahmy Swelum, Abdullah Hussein Ahmed and Doaa Zainelabdeen Ahmed Abdulhafeez. Multi-detector CT Minimum Intensity Projection and Volumetric High Resolution CT Images in Diagnosis of Interstitial Lung Diseases. Researcher 2019;11(11):25-32]. ISSN 1553-9865 (print); ISSN 2163-8950 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 4. doi:10.7537/marsrsj111119.04.

Keywords: Interstitial Lung Diseases, High Resolution Computed Tomography, Minimum Intensity Projection

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Study on the Promotion of Rural Revitalization by Regional Public Brand of Agricultural Products in Heilongjiang Province

Jialu Yao, Yinxia Hou

School of Humanties，Social Science & Law，Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province 150001, China

Mobile: 13263669947, E-mail: 1123657295@qq.com

Abstract: This paper will study the regional public brand effect of agricultural products in Heilongjiang Province, grasp the current situation of the regional public brand effect of agricultural products in Heilongjiang Province, and provide practical countermeasures for promoting the effect of the regional public brand of agricultural products and promoting the development of regional public brand of agricultural products in Heilongjiang Province, so as to improve the competitiveness of regional public brand of agricultural products in Heilongjiang Province and promote the regional economic development.

[Jialu Yao ^{= 1 \* Arabic}  Yinxia Hou. Study on the Promotion of Rural Revitalization by Regional Public Brand of Agricultural Products in Heilongjiang Province. Researcher 2019;11(11):33-37]. ISSN 1553-9865 (print); ISSN 2163-8950 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 5. doi:10.7537/marsrsj111119.05.

Key words: Heilongjiang Province, Agricultural products, Regional public brand

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Avian Infectious Bronchitis

Nagwa S. Rabie ¹, Zeinab M. S. Amin Girh¹ and Mona S. Zaki²

¹Department of Poultry Diseases, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.

²Hydrobiology Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza Egypt.

drmonazaki@yahoo.com

Abstract: Infectious bronchitis (IB) is one of the major economically important poultry diseases distributed worldwide. It is caused by infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) and affects both galliform and nongalliform birds. Its economic impact includes decreased egg production and poor egg quality in layers, stunted growth, poor carcass weight, and mortality in broiler chickens. Although primarily affecting the respiratory tract, IBV demonstrates a wide range of tissues tropism, including the renal and reproductive. systems. This review discusses aspects on the epidemiology of the prevalent IBV strains in a particular region is therefore important to guide control and preventions. Meanwhile previous diagnostic methods such as serology and virus isolations are less sensitive and time consuming, respectively; current methods, such as reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP), and sequencing, offer highly sensitive, rapid, and accurate diagnostic results.

[Nagwa S. Rabie, Zeinab M. S. Amin Girh and Mona S. Zaki. Avian Infectious Bronchitis. Researcher 2019;11(11):38-44]. ISSN 1553-9865 (print); ISSN 2163-8950 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 6. doi:10.7537/marsrsj111119.06.

Keywords: Avian, infectious bronchitis, infectious bronchitis virus, (IBV), chicken

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Therapeutic trial of diminazene aceturate and isomethamidium chloride in clinical cases of trypanosomiasis in donkeys, jawi district, north west ethiopia

Habtamu Addis^1, Mulunesh Yenew²_, Animute Bekele²

Debrmarkos university department of veterinary medicine and animal science

yohansaddis68@gmail.com

Abstract: A field clinical trial study was conducted with the aim of to assess the efficacy of Diminazine aceturate and Isomethamidium chloride and compare pathophysiological changes in hematological values of in trypanosomiasis donkeys from January to June, 2018 Jawi district, North West Ethiopia. Out of 61 suspected donkeys for Trypanosomisis and screened by using wet blood film, six of clinically infected donkeys were selected purposively and randomly allocated to three groups. Group I, II and III received treatment for diminazene aceturate and isomethamidum chloride and normal saline respectively. Hematological parameters (PCV and Hgb) and physical parametric changes (HR, Toc and BW) before and after treatment within and between groups were measure for 28 days. The data was analyzed by using STATA version 14 using paired t-test. The main clinical findings observed during the study period were weakness, fever, rough hair coat, enlarged superficial lymph nodes, pallor of the mucus membranes, lacrimation, enlarged superficial lymph node and weight loss in all trypanosoma infected donkeys. Out of 61 suspected donkeys for Trypanosomisis, six of them were confirmed to be infected with T. congolense. The mean rectal temperatures of group I treated with diminazine aceturate before and after treatment donkeys were 39.1ᵒC±0.42ᵒC and37.9ᵒC±0.14ᵒC respectively. The mean rectal temperatures of group II before and after treatment were 39.5ᵒC±0.63ᵒC, 38.4ᵒC±0.56ᵒC respectively and statistical insignificant (p <0.05) decreased after treatment but There was statistical Significant difference (P<0.05) in mean of PCV in group I and group II before and after treatment. PCV improvement before and after treatment showed that there was significant difference (p <0.05) in the means of the group I and II. The maximum PCV improvement was 40 % (Group I on week 1) and minimum was 7% (group II on week 3). Generally diminazene aceturate at dose of 7 mg/kg was the more effective in terms of improving PCV, as compare to isomethamidum chloride so that clinician better to use diminazene aceturate.

[Habtamu Addis, Mulunesh Yenew, Animute Bekele. Therapeutic trial of diminazene aceturate and isomethamidium chloride in clinical cases of trypanosomiasis in donkeys, jawi district, north west ethiopia. Researcher 2019;11(11):45-61]. ISSN 1553-9865 (print); ISSN 2163-8950 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 7. doi:10.7537/marsrsj111119.07.

Keywords: Blood collection, Donkey, Diminazene aceturate, Isomethamidum chloride, Jawi District

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Reflection of Femininity in Tang Furniture: Chairs and Tables

Ladan Abouali^[1], Jianlin Ni[1], Jake Kaner[1]

Post-doctoral fellow, College of Fine Arts, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046 China.

Email: L.abouali@yahoo.com

Abstract: This paper reviews the Tang dynasty chairs and tables used by Tang court women that are depicted in contemporary visual art of that time. With the help of surviving extant paintings, this topic covers the wooden chairs and tables designed for women, and examines how the pieces were used in daily life. This topic is essential, as the so called ‘Golden age of China’ the Tang dynasty, was one of the most significant periods in defining the hierarchy of women’s social status. As Tang women became bolder members of society, in addition to the mat and low-level furniture, new forms of high-level chairs and tables were introduced for women that became important pieces raising the status in the lives of high-ranking women. During this period, this new furniture structure was also a part of China’s growth under the Tang dynasty and was influenced by the forms found in skeletal architectural structures. The paintings selected for study in this research show high-ranking Tang women using their traditional furniture and the new types of high-level seats and tables that were used mostly in palace gatherings.

[Ladan Abouali, Jianlin Ni, Jake Kaner. Reflection of Femininity in Tang Furniture: Chairs and Tables. Researcher 2019;11(11):62-70]. ISSN 1553-9865 (print); ISSN 2163-8950 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 8. doi:10.7537/marsrsj111119.08.

Keywords: Tang dynasty, women’s status, women’s furniture, paintings, chairs, tables.

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Preliminary Studies on the Ecology and Diversity of Zooplankton of Tinapa Lake Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria

Bassey Etim Job¹ Magdalene Egbe Mboto², Asukwo Essien Itam²

¹Department of Biological Oceanography Faculty of Oceanography, University of Calabar, Calabar – Nigeria.

E-mail¹: bejob_u@yahoo.Com

²Department of Geology, University of Calabar, Calabar – Nigeria

Abstract: This is a report on the preliminary studies on the ecology and diversity of zooplankton of Tinapa Lake, an artificial lake in Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria conducted in October,2017. Zooplankton samples were collected using standard method. Zooplankton species were identified using standard schemes and atlases. Data were analyzed ecologically and emerically. Four stations were randomly selected in the lake for the study. 38 zooplankton species belonging to 5 taxa were recorded. These were Cladocera (9 species), Copepoda (11 species), Decapoda (2 species), Rotifera and Protozoa (8 species each). Copepoda were the most abundant of the zooplankton contributing 39.78% of the zooplankton population, with the least being Decopoda which constituted 5.09% of the zooplankton. Station 4 had the highest number of zooplanton with 375 individuals which contributed 38.15% of all the zooplankton from all the stations. High Margalef’s index (5.241-5.736) was obtained for the zooplankton, indicating the lake unpolluted, stable and productive freshwater system. The ranges of the Shannon -Wiener, Pielou’s and Simpon’s Dominance indices, were also of ecological importance, portraying a stable zooplankton community in the lake ecosystem.

[Bassey Etim Job Magdalene Egbe Mboto, Asukwo Essien Itam. Preliminary Studies on the Ecology and Diversity of Zooplankton of Tinapa Lake Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria. Researcher 2019;11(11):71-78]. ISSN 1553-9865 (print); ISSN 2163-8950 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 9. doi:10.7537/marsrsj111119.09.

Keywords: Preliminary studies, Zooplankton, Diversity Tinapa Lake, Calabar, Nigeria

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Genetic Relatedness and Phylogeny among Egyptian Cichlidae Species Based on mitochondrial D-Loop Region

Hagar T. Elhifnawy¹, Yosur G. Fiteha¹, Mahmoud Magdy^1*, Ahmed M. Serag², Aiman H. A. Atta¹, Mohamed A. Rashed¹

^1. Genetics Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt

^2. Genetics Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Benha, Qalyubia, Egypt

m.elmosallamy@agr.asu.edu.eg

Abstract: Several species of fish, determined in the aquatic and saltwater habitats, shape the Cichlidae tilapia group. The common genera names for tilapia is Oreochromis, Sarotherodon, and Tilapia. Tilapias (family Cichlidae) are sizable in aquaculture and fisheries. The aim of the study is to estimate the genetic diversity, disclose polymorphism, and constructing the phylogenetic relationships between three tilapia species, Tilapia zillii, Sarotherodon galilaeus, and Oreochromis niloticus. Therefore, a total number of six fish specimens were sampled from different seven locations of Egyptian aquatic habitats and subsequently were assembled, aligned, and compared to GenBank databases based on the mtDNA D-loop region sequencing. In total, reported a length of 286 bp, 58 (20.2%) polymorphic sites, of them 51sites (17.8% two variants) and seven sites (2.4% three variants) and six haplotypes, 58 mutations were detected, the haplotype (Hd) and nucleotide variation (π) was calculated as 0.81and 0.10. The higher values of haplotype and nucleotide variation were observed in O. niloticus species. Based on the neighbor-joining (NJ) were assessed distances and genetic relationships. Among the three species, genetic distance representing different genera estimated, between O. niloticus and S. galilaeus was 0.97, S. galilaeus and T. zillii was 0.99, while between O. niloticus and T. zillii was 0.98, indicating that S. galilaeus and O. niloticus are closely related and the T. zillii is far more distant to O. niloticus than the S. galilaeus. Based on the data obtained from using the mtDNA D-loop region as candidate DNA markers, was confirmed accurate genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships between three tilapiine species.

[Elhifnawy HT, Fiteha YG, Magdy M, Serag AM, Atta AH, Rashed MA. Genetic Relatedness and Phylogeny among Egyptian Cichlidae Species Based on the mitochondrial D-Loop Region. Researcher 2019;11(11):79-84]. ISSN 1553-9865 (print); ISSN 2163-8950 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 10. doi:10.7537/marsrsj111119.10.

Keywords: Tilapia species, Mitochondria control region, Genetic distance, Phylogeny, Egypt

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Review On Veterinary Important Haemophilus Bacteria

Asressa Yeneneh, Solomon Lulie

University of Gondar College of Veterinary Medicine and animal science, Department of Micro biology, Gondar, Ethiopia P.O Box: 196

Telephone: +251 -910-990242; E-mail: solomonlulie@gmail.com

Abstract: Haemophilus species are small, gram negative, non-spore forming, pleomorphic and facultative anaerobes which do not grow on MacConkey agar. Therefore, the objective of this paper is overview general characteristics of the genus haemophilus. They are fastidious bacteria which require one or both of the growth factors found in blood. These factors were originally referred to as X and V factors and later identified as haemin and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide respectively. Haemophilus paragallinarum, Haemophilus parasuis and Haemophilus somnus are species of veterinary importance. They are commensals or parasites of the mucous membranes of animals, most commonly of the upper respiratory and lower genital tracts. Finally, it can be concluded that since all members of the genus Haemophilus have the characteristics of requiring growth factors in common, X and V factor requirement tests are among identification techniques of haemophilus species.

[Asressa Yeneneh, Solomon Lulie. Review On Veterinary Important Haemophilus Bacteria. Researcher 2019;11(11):85-89]. ISSN 1553-9865 (print); ISSN 2163-8950 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 11. doi:10.7537/marsrsj111119.11.

Keyword: Growth factors, Haemophilus, Identification, Isolation, Veterinary importance

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