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T-Tube Drainage versus Primary Common Bile Duct Closure after Laparoscpic Choledochotomy

Prof. Dr. Mohammad Mohsen Ahmed Salem ¹, Prof. Dr. Yaser Ahmed Elsayed Amer ², Prof. Dr. Magdy Abd El-Hamed El-Sebae ³, Dr. Mostafa Farag El-Shafie ⁴ and Rani Mohammed Saleh Khattab⁵

¹ Professor of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Egypt.

² Professor of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Egypt.

³ Professor of General Surgery, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Egypt.

⁴ Lecturer of Radiology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Egypt.

⁵ M.B.B.CH, M.SC., Assistant Researcher of General Surgery, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Egypt.

Eng_tamerkhattab@hotmail.com

Abstract: Background: Gallstones are an extremely common condition, arising in approximately 10% to 20% of the adult population, and as such pose an important public health problem. Choledocholithiasis is a common problem that necessitates intervention, it is managed either endoscopically or surgically. Objectives: To study the comparison between primary closure of common bile duct and T-tube drainage after laparoscopic choledocholithotomy in choledocholthiasis. Patients and Methods: This prospective randomized study included 50 patients with history of calcular obstructive jaundice preoperatively which was conducted in the department of surgery, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute (TBRI) and Al-Azhar University Hospital from mayo 2017 to mayo 2019 each patient undergo laparoscopic cholecystectomy together with laparoscopic common bile duct exploration, then they will be allocated in to two groups; (group A) for T tube insersion and (group B) for primary closure. Results: In our study mean age in group (A) was (45.40 ± 3.004), mean age in group (B) was (48.40 ± 2.540) (P value 0.4494). In our study mean total bilirubin in group (A) was (4.24 ± 0.49), mean total bilirubin in group (B) was (4.42 ± 0.5) (P value 0.8048). In our study mean direct bilirubin in group (A) was (3.16 ± 0.42), mean direct bilirubin in group (B) was (3.43 ± 0.46) (P value 0.6736). In our study mean alkaline phosphatase in group (A) was (264.9 ± 30.93), mean alkaline phosphatase in group (B) was (290.2 ± 30.87) (P value0.5656). In our study mean U/S CBD diameter in group (A) was (0.93 ± 0.058), mean U/S CBD diameter in group (B) was (1.02 ± 0.07) (P value 0.3224). In our study mean U/S Stones Diameter in group (A) was (1.05 ± 0.08), mean U/S Stones Diameter in group (B) was (1.12 ± 0.08) (P value0.519). In our study thirty nine out of fifty patients (78 %) had clinical jaundice at presentation (19 patients in group A and 20 patients in group B). Conclusion: Both primary closure of CBD and T-tube drainage after CBD exploration are equally good procedures for the treatment of uncomplicated choledocholithiasis. However, primary closure of CBD is having significantly lower operating time and less duration of stay at hospital. Therefore, it can be recommended for treatment in selective patients of choledocholithiasis.

[Mohammad Mohsen Ahmed Salem, Yaser Ahmed Elsayed Amer, Magdy Abd El-Hamed El-Sebae, Mostafa Farag El-Shafie and Rani Mohammed Saleh Khattab. T-Tube Drainage versus Primary Common Bile Duct Closure after Laparoscpic Choledochotomy. Rep Opinion 2019;11(10):1-8]. ISSN 1553-9873 (print); ISSN 2375-7205 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/report. 1. doi:10.7537/marsroj111019.01.

Keywords: T-Tube Drainage, Primary Common Bile Duct Closure, Laparoscpic Choledochotomy

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Diagnostics And Identification Of Conditions Of Effectiveness Of The Process Of Preparation For Pedagogical Activity Of Students On The Direction Of "Professional Education"

Abdullayeva Ozoda Safibullayevna

Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in Pedagogical Sciences Associate Professor of the Namangan Engineering Construction Institute 700096, Namangan, Uzbekistan

aspirantka.030@gmail.com

Abstract: In the article presents the results of an ascertaining experiment on problems in the field of the preparation process for the pedagogical activities of students in the direction of "Professional education ". The author analyzes the effectiveness of the preparatory process for teaching activities, identifies factors that contribute to improving the preparation of students in the direction of "Professional education " for future teaching activities. In the article the diagnostics of revealing readiness for pedagogical activity on a measuring instrument (indicators) is given. The quality of education was monitored, on the basis of which indicators for the following evaluation objects were developed and tested: educational activities; extracurricular activities; the quality of the conditions for ensuring the educational process. Their use in the process of experimental and experimental work is also considered. The results of the determination of readiness for pedagogical activity on combined levels of assessment are summarized.

[Abdullayeva O.S. Diagnostics And Identification Of Conditions Of Effectiveness Of The Process Of Preparation For Pedagogical Activity Of Students On The Direction Of "Professional Education". Researcher 2019;11(10):9-13]. ISSN 1553-9865 (print); ISSN 2163-8950 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 2. doi:10.7537/marsrsj111019.02.

Keywords: pedagogical activity, teacher, student, vocational education, methodology, criteria, levels, experiment, indicators

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An Approach to Design the Conceptual Scheme of Virtual Reality News Documentary

Chen Yuehong ^1,2, Yang Yinong ²

^1. Social Sciences and Law, School of Humanities and S.S. & Law, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China

^2. Department of New Media and Art, School of Architecture, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China

Abstract: News documentary belonged to the category of journalism has some characteristics of film arts. It uses film practice approaches to report news content, reflect objective truth, even show real characters and stories. With the help of virtual reality technology, news documentaries can restore scenes more artistically lifelike, focusing on scene rendering and relevant storytelling details. So that users will have a deeper experience of the narrative content of news documentaries. Virtual reality news documentary can contact some information design methods to screen for auxiliary or read stage objective. At the same time, the user of immersion in virtual news documentary, will be more convenient and effective to receive electronic information content, with the autonomy of selective and more freedom to control their own likes and dislikes in virtual reality news documentary content under the distribution of their own free time. This essay carries out conceptual design of virtual reality news documentaries, and provides design thoughts, design methods and other design schemes to provide reference for future research.

[CHEN Yuehong, YANG Yinong. An Approach to Design the Conceptual Scheme of Virtual Reality News Documentary. Researcher 2019;11(10):14-17]. ISSN 1553-9865 (print); ISSN 2163-8950 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 3. doi:10.7537/marsrsj111019.03.

Keywords: approach, virtual reality, news documentary, conceptual scheme

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Production and characterization of complementary food produced from orange fleshed sweet potato, soybean and sorghum flour

Idowu, O. A¹., Akinsola, A. O^2*., Akinyemi, T. A³., and Obisesan, D. O².

¹Department of Food Technology, Federal Polytechnic, Offa, Kwara State, Nigeria.

^2*Department of Home Economics, Federal College of Education (Special) Oyo State, Nigeria.

³Department of Home and Rural Economics, Oyo State College of Agriculture and Technology, Igboora, Oyo State, Nigeria

^*Correspondence author: akinsola4gold@gmail.com

Abstract: Traditional complementary foods are mainly based on cereal grains which when cooked got gelatinized and swollen thereby making the diet viscous and bulky for infants and young children. This study was carried out to develop and evaluate a complementary food from Orange Fleshed Sweet Potato (OFSP), soybean, and sorghum with a view of producing nutrient dense complementary food. Steam blanched OFSP, dehulled soybean and sorghum were blended in different ratios to form paste before air drying at 55^oC to 10% moisture content., The dried blends were milled and sieved to pass through 450 mm sieve size to obtain fine flour samples. The obtained formulated five samples were analyzed for chemical components, functional properties, and sensory attributes. The obtained data were subjected to analysis of variance to establish significant difference at p<0.05, while Duncan multiple range test was used to separate mean. Results showed that the crude protein value of samples ranged from 16.79 to 18.30 g/100g. The fat content of the complementary food samples ranged from 12.84 to 14.25 g/100g. The result for b-carotene content of the complementary food samples ranged from 3193 to 3357 IU. The study revealed that an acceptable and nutrient dense complementary food could be produced from the combination of Orange Fleshed Sweet Potato, soybean and sorghum.

[Idowu, O. A., Akinsola, A. O., Akinyemi, T. A., and Obisesan, D. O. Production and characterization of complementary food produced from orange fleshed sweet potato, soybean and sorghum flour. Researcher 2019;11(10):18-24]. ISSN 1553-9865 (print); ISSN 2163-8950 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 4. doi:10.7537/marsrsj111019.04.

Keywords: Complementary food, steam blanched, OFSP, functional properties, sensory attributes

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Heavy Metal Contents of Cassava Leaves (Manihot esculenta) obtained from Andoni Local Government Area of Rivers State

Victoria Daminabo and Susan Okparanta

Department of Science Laboratory Technology, School of Science and Technology, Captain Elechi Amadi Polytechnic, Rumuola, P.M.B. 5936, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria.

vicjodish@yahoo.co.uk

Abstract: The concentrations of selected heavy metals in cassava leaves obtained from Andoni Local Government Area of Rivers State were determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) and compared with the soils on which they Cassava grows. The result obtained showed a high level of heavy metals in the order Zn > Pb > Hg in cassava leaves when compared with heavy metal detected in the different soils on which they grow. For all the farms, the soil plant transfer values were in the order Pb> Zn> Hg. This shows that among the three metals studied, lead was the easiest to migrate followed by zinc and then, mercury. This trend signifies that plant absorbs a higher concentration of lead from the soil in which it grows when compared to other metals present while Hg is the least absorbed metal. It was observed that the lead content in cassava leaves was above World Health Organization (WHO)/Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) safe limit.

[Daminabo, V. and Okparanta, S. Heavy Metal Contents of Cassava Leaves (Manihot esculenta) obtained from Andoni Local Government Area of Rivers State. Researcher 2019;11(10):25-34]. ISSN 1553-9865 (print); ISSN 2163-8950 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 5. doi:10.7537/marsrsj111019.05.

Keywords: Cassava, leaves, soil, heavy metals, farms, WHO/FAO safe limit.

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Types Of Hernia And Surgical Management Approaches In Domestic Animals: Review

Dese Kefyalew, Abebe Firomsa and Tolessa Ebissa

Department of surgery, Bishoftu campus, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia

E-mails: kuletole@gmail.com, d21kefyalew@gmail.com.

Telephones: +251-917-068-648, +251-921-889-089

Abstract: Hernia is bulging of abdominal contents in abdominal wall caused by naturally through canal (congenital) or traumatic (acquired). Hernias have several deleterious effects, such as lowering the productivity and re-productivity of the affected animals where, abdominal, inguinal and perineal hernias could entrap a fetus in their hernial sacs leading to dystocia in domestic animals. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to review on the different types of hernia and its surgical management in domestic animals. Hernia is classified as internal and external hernia. External hernia is a displacement of an organ, part of an organ, or a tissue outside the abdominal cavity through an abnormal opening in the abdominal wall which can be noted from the outside of animal’s body and can be detected with external examination. It is the most common form of problems of domestic animals which can be umbilical, inguinal, scrotal, femoral, perineal, and ventral (or abdominal) hernias based on anatomic location. Umbilical hernia is usually occurs in calves due to failure to closed of the umbilical cord, while ventral hernia are usually present in cattle and horses because of trauma and heavy weight. It can causes decreases in reproductive performance, production loss and even leads to the death of animal depending on the types of hernias. External hernia was easy to diagnose by case history, inspection and palpation where it can be overcome by both surgical and non-surgical approaches to correct different types of hernias occurring in domestic animals. Moreover it can be prevented to a large extent by modifying the prevailing management practices. However, still information on the associated risk factors and its prevalence is not well studied. Therefore further studies are needed to identify the associated risk factors and farmers should be aware of the diseases and improve prevention approaches through implementing better management practices.

[Dese K., Abebe F. and Tolessa E. Types Of Hernia And Surgical Management Approaches In Domestic Animals: Review. Researcher 2019;11(10):35-46]. ISSN 1553-9865 (print); ISSN 2163-8950 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 6. doi:10.7537/marsrsj111019.06.

Key words: Domestic animals, Hernia, Hernioplasty, Hernioraphy, Mesh, Surgical managment

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New Thoughts on "Talents", "Disciplines" and "Management" -Inspired by the spirit of the "Design Teaching and Instruction Committee Meeting" of the Ministry of Education

Zhang Ning

Tianjin Conservatory of Music, Tianjin, China

Email：suona000@163.com

Abstract: Talents are needed to improve the comprehensive strength of the country, The cultivation of talents focuses on ability, Creativity is the embodiment of ability, After dismembering the experience of predecessors because of creation, It is the new concept of "learning" that is used by creators through interdisciplinary research, The interdisciplinary approach is based on the understanding of the functions of various disciplines and their internal linkages, This can greatly broaden the scope of the creator's cognition, Enhance the sensitivity of their thinking, Improve their creativity. However, new changes in the cognitive field will also bring new challenges to managers, Therefore, the scientific management of talents will become a necessary prerequisite for the rational use of talents.

[Zhang Ning. New Thoughts on "Talents", "Disciplines" and "Management" -Inspired by the spirit of the "Design Teaching and Instruction Committee Meeting" of the Ministry of Education. Researcher 2019;11(10):47-50]. ISSN 1553-9865 (print); ISSN 2163-8950 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 7. doi:10.7537/marsrsj111019.07.

Key word: Creative Talents\ Interdisciplinary\ Talent management

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Avian Coccidiosis

Zeinab M. S. Amin Girh¹, Nagwa S. Rabie¹ and Mona S. Zaki²

¹Department of Poultry Diseases, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.

²Department of Hydrobiology, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.

drmonazaki@yahoo.com

Abstract: Coccidiosis is a disease that is caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Eimeria, developing within the intestine of most domestic and wild animals and birds. The disease is distributed worldwide and primarily affects young animals that are raised under various management systems avian coccidiosis, is caused by several species of the protozoan parasite Eimeria. This parasite invades epithelial tissues of the intestine, causing severe damage in birds and as a result, significant economic losses. The main problem with Eimeria infections is that they are caused by more than one species that attack different regions of the intestine. Coccidiosis is responsible for major losses due to mortality and primarily to the poor performance of sub clinically infected animals which costs the livestock industry many millions of dollars. Diagnosis and genetic characterization of different species of Eimeria are central to the prevention and control of coccidiosis. The classical parasitological methods of diagnosis are labor intensive and therefore costly. Different diagnostic tools such as fecal flotation techniques, morphological identification, molecular biology, biochemistry, cell biology and immunology have been used to diagnose coccidiosis. These methods have generally had major limitations in the specific diagnosis of coccidiosis and identification of Eimeria species. The traditional approaches are unreliable.

Zeinab M. S. Amin Girh, Nagwa S. Rabie and Mona S. Zaki. Avian Coccidiosis. Researcher 2019;11(10):51-55]. ISSN 1553-9865 (print); ISSN 2163-8950 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 8. doi:10.7537/marsrsj111019.08.

Keywords: Coccidiosis; disease; protozoan; parasites; genus Eimeria

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Assessing Vulnerabilities to Natural Disasters of Malgagai Refugee Village Killasaifullah, Balochistan

Jamal-ud-din¹, Syed Ainuddin² Ghulam Murtaza³, Shabana Faiz⁴_, Muhammad Ashraf⁵ & Abida⁶Achakzai

¹PhD Scholar: Department of Disaster Management and Development Studies, University of Balochistan Quetta. (Corresponding author) email: jamalkakar333@gmail.com

²Associate Professors Chairperson, Department of Disaster Management and Development Studies, University of Balochistan, Quetta email: ainuddin.syed77@gmail.com

³Assistant Professors, Department of Disaster Management and Development Studies, University of Balochistan, Quetta email: aamach100@gmail.com

⁴Chairperson, Pakistan studies center, Sardar Bahadur Khan Women University, Balochistan, Quetta. email: shabana.faiz@gmail.com

⁵Assistant Professors, Department of Disaster Management and Development Studies, University of Balochistan, Quetta email: mashrafh75@gmail.com

⁶Lecturer Department of Geography, University of Balochistan, Quetta email: sher.abid78@gmail.com

Abstract: Disaster mostly occurs when vulnerability and hazard hold together. Balochistan is no exception where a number of natural and manmade disasters interface resulting in catastrophes. The main objective of this paper is to assess the vulnerabilities to natural disasters of Malgagai refugee village Killa-Saifullah. A questionnaire survey was conducted among 400 households using simple random sampling. Composite community vulnerability index is used to achieve the objective of the study. Results revealed that the study area is vulnerable (socially, physically, institutionally and economically) due to lack of education, inadequate resources, poverty, poor building infrastructure, unemployment and lack of awareness and preparedness. Implementing of risk lessening measures in building infrastructures and carry out essential socio-economic activities (education, multiple sources of income, health, and community trust) is extremely fundamental to lessen the overall vulnerabilities of the study area prone to natural hazards.

[Jamal-ud-din, Syed Ainuddin Ghulam Murtaza, Shabana Faiz_, Muhammad Ashraf & Abida Achakzai. Assessing Vulnerabilities to Natural Disasters of Malgagai Refugee Village Killasaifullah, Balochistan. Researcher 2019;11(10):56-63]. ISSN 1553-9865 (print); ISSN 2163-8950 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 9. doi:10.7537/marsrsj111019.09.

Keywords: Vulnerability, Vulnerability Framework, Refugee, Disaster, Balochistan

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Evaluation of Boron Concentration in Water Samples of the Rivers in Al- Diwaniya-Iraq Using CR-39 Track Detector

Thaer M. Salman and Abbas A. Sweaf

Department of Physics, College of Education for Pure Science, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq

badran_hussein@yahoo.com

Abstract: Significant risks for human health may results from exposure to non pathogenic toxic contaminants that are often globally ubiquitous in waters from which drinking water is derived to measure the Boron, ¹⁰₅B concentration in water samples in Al- Diwaniya governorate in Iraq. The measurements were performed by analyzing the water samples collected from 24 location using CR-39 Track Detector. The Boron concentrations which are obtained ranged from 2.116 mg/l in ((ghmas1)) river belt and minimum 0.651 mg/l was recorded in ((ghmas6)) river in water samples. The results are presented and compared with other studies. The results could be utilized to make distinctive supplementary contributions when contamination event occurs and to implement water quality standards by concerned authorities to maintain radioactive contamination-free drinking water supplies for the people. The study further reveals that 24 surface water samples have boron below detection limit. The presence of boron in drinking water sources in this territory is of natural origin. Thus, there is possibility of severe pollution problem with boron in near future.

[Thaer M. Salman and Abbas A. Sweaf. Evaluation of Boron Concentration in Water Samples of the Rivers in Al- Diwaniya-Iraq Using CR-39 Track Detector. Researcher 2019;11(10):64-70]. ISSN 1553-9865 (print); ISSN 2163-8950 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 10. doi:10.7537/marsrsj111019.10.

Keywords: Neutron Source, Boron, SSNTDs, water samples

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Review On Parasites Of Fish And Their Public Health Importance, A Seminar Paper For The Course Seminar On Current Epidemiologic Topic (Vepi-752)

Wondimu Tessema (Dvm)

Advisor: Minale Getachew (Dvm, Msc, Ass. Professor)

College Of Agricultural Science, Department Of Animal Science, Arba Minch, Ethiopia

wonduhopful@gmail.com

Abstract: The main objective of this review is to know the parasitic fish disease and its public health significance. Fish have a full range of diseases like all animals and many of these are due to external agents and other arises internally. External agents that cause fish disease include viruses, bacteria, fungi and parasites are known to affect fish while internally they suffer from almost all the common organic and degenerative disorders. Parasitic infestation frequently occurs in fish that causes retarded growth rate, reduced production, consumer rejection, low reproduction and mass mortality in fish. There are many parasitic diseases of fishes in the world. Some of the parasitic diseases are protozoans, trematodes, nematodes, cestodes, acanthocephalans, parasitic crustaceans, and leeches. Fish parasites cause commercial losses in both the aquaculture and fisheries industries and may have human health, as well as socio-economic, implications both in developing and developed countries. Many marine and freshwater fishes serve as a source of medically important parasitic zoonoses that include trematodiasis, cestodiasis, and nematodiasis. Some of these infections are highly pathogenic and the diseases mainly acquired through eating raw or under cooked fish. To overcome negative effect on fish and public health, it is necessary to act upon every health constraint based on scientifically proven and recommended as well as locally applicable ways.

[Wondimu Tessema (Dvm). Review On Parasites Of Fish And Their Public Health Importance, A Seminar Paper For The Course Seminar On Current Epidemiologic Topic (Vepi-752). Researcher 2019;11(10):71-81]. ISSN 1553-9865 (print); ISSN 2163-8950 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 11. doi:10.7537/marsrsj111019.11.

Keywords: Fish, Endo-parasite, Ecto-parasite, protozoa, Ethiopia

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Tourism-Recruitment Health Of The Samarkand Area

Gulmurodov Farrux Eshmurodovich

Samarkand State Architectural Construction Institute

gulmurodov@gmail.com

Abstract: The article describes the potential of the existing natural and social tourism facilities in the regions to boost tourism as a key sector of the regional economy. It also provides information about historical sites, architectural monuments, religious places, places of worship, recreational resources, resorts, ecotourism and other tourist attractions.

[Gulmurodov Farrux Eshmurodovich. Tourism-Recruitment Health Of The Samarkand Area. Researcher 2019;11(10):82-84]. ISSN 1553-9865 (print); ISSN 2163-8950 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 12. doi:10.7537/marsrsj111019.12.

Keywords. Tourism, ecotourism, religious tourism, agro tourism, agro-landscape, landscape, recreation, geocomplex, cultural monuments, architectural monuments, nature reserves, river basins, landscapes, recreational resources

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