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Assessment of Band Ratios and Feature-oriented principal component selection (FPCS) Techniques for Iron Oxides Mapping with relation to radioactivity using Landsat 8 at Bahariya Oasis, Egypt

El Zalaky M.A, Essam M. Esmail and El Arefy R.A

Nuclear Materials Authority, Cairo, Egypt

essam_12mem@yahoo.com

Abstract: Iron is an important element in mineral exploration using remote sensing techniques in part because of its overall abundance in the crust, about 8%, and its abundance and occurrence in rock and minerals of economic importance. The Bahariya Oasis area of the western desert of Egypt is well known by iron mining activity from long time in certain locations. Number of remote sensing techniques have been accomplished and tested using Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) imagery data covering the Bahariya Oasis for elucidating iron oxides exposures, such as image composite, band ratios, principal component analysis (PCA) methods. Principal component analysis techniques; known as Feature-oriented Principal Component Selection (FPCS), used for discriminations of iron oxides, including selective and developed selective principal component methods respectively. The assessment of iron oxides new proposed band ratios (7/5+3/4) and (b4/ (b1+b2)), and the separability of the PCA techniques, support the findings and proposed some new exposed localities. The results showed that Landsat 8 OLI can effectively discriminate iron oxides groups due to the presence of five bands in VNIR and two SWIR bands with a high radiometrically resolution, in addition to its better availability and spatial coverage makes Landsat 8 sensor more suitable for large area lithologic mapping.

[El Zalaky M.A, Essam M. Esmail and El Arefy R.A. Assessment of Band Ratios and Feature-oriented principal component selection (FPCS) Techniques for Iron Oxides Mapping with relation to radioactivity using Landsat 8 at Bahariya Oasis, Egypt. Researcher 2018;10(4):1-10]. ISSN 1553-9865 (print); ISSN 2163-8950 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 1. doi:10.7537/marsrsj100418.01.

Keywords: Bahariya Oasis; Iron oxides; Landsat 8 OLI; PCA; Feature Oriented Principal Component Selection; Band ratios.

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Yield and fruit quality of Ewaise mango trees grown under Upper Egypt conditions as affected by application of nutrients, plant extracts, selenium and silicon

Ahmed, M. M. A. Akl¹; Ahmed Y. M. Ahmed² and Ahmed A. F. Oraby¹

¹Hort. Dept. Fac. of Agric. Minia Univ., Egypt.

²Tropical Fruit Res. Dept. Hort. Res. Instit. ARC, Giza, Egypt

faissalfadel@yahoo.com

Abstract: During 2014, 2015 and 2016 seasons, Ewaise mango trees grown under Upper Egypt conditions were subjected to three sprays with N, P, K, Mg, Zn, Fe, Mn, Cu and B, plant extracts namely extracts of turmeric and green tea and oils of garlic, onion, moringa and nigella, selenium and silicon. Fruit setting%, yield and fruit quality in response to the present treatments were investigated. Subjecting the trees to different nutrients and/ or any plant extracts, selenium or silicon had a remarkable promotion on initial fruit setting%, fruit retention%, yield and both physical and chemical characteristics of the fruit relative to the control. The promotion was ascribed to using nutrients plus any plant extracts, selenium or silicon compared to using nutrients alone. Using selenium and/or silicon was preferable than using plant extracts in enhancing yield and fruit quality. The best results with regard to yield and fruit quality of Ewaise mango trees grown under Upper Egypt conditions were obtained due to treating the trees three times with a mixture of N, P, K, Mg, Zn, Fe, Mn, Cu and B + selenium + silicon.

[Ahmed, M. M. A. Akl; Ahmed Y. M. Ahmed and Ahmed A. F. Oraby. Yield and fruit quality of Ewaise mango trees grown under Upper Egypt conditions as affected by application of nutrients, plant extracts, selenium and silicon. Researcher 2018;10(4):11-20]. ISSN 1553-9865 (print); ISSN 2163-8950 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 2. doi:10.7537/marsrsj100418.02.

Keywords: Ewaise mango trees, nutrients, silicon, selenium, plant extracts, yield, fruit quality.

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The Effectiveness of Implementing a Designed Educational Protocol Regarding knowledge among clients with Intestinal Ostomy

Salma K. Alansari, Elham A. Al Nagshabnandi, Iman A, Abdulmutalib

Master in Medical- Surgical Nursing RN at King Abdulaziz Hospital, Mecca, KSA

Associate Professor, Medical Surgical Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, KSA

Assistant professor, Medical Surgical Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, King Abdul aziz University, Jeddah, KSA

*Corresponding author:skalansari@moh.gov.sa

Abstract: Education protocol is play a major role for enhancing, educating and improving clients knowledge self -care with stoma. Design: Quasi-experimental was used. Setting: The study was conducted at King Abdulaziz University Hospital and King Fahad General Hospital in the general surgical, medical department and outpatient clinic. subjects: A purposive sample of 50 clients were selected. Tool: One tool it consisted of two parts, part I: Socio –demographic and clinical history data, part II knowledge Assessment Questionnaire. Results: Revealed that there was a highly significant difference at p˂. oo1 between pre and post immediate in all items of knowledge and there is no significant difference between post immediate and after one month of implementing an education protocol. Conclusion: There was a highly significant improvement in all knowledge items between pre and post immediate education protocol. Recommendation: Stoma education session should be held periodically.

[Salma K. Alansari, Elham A. Al Nagshabnandi, Iman A, Abdulmutalib. The Effectiveness of Implementing a Designed Educational Protocol Regarding knowledge among clients with Intestinal Ostomy. Researcher 2018;10(4):21-26]. ISSN 1553-9865 (print); ISSN 2163-8950 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 3. doi:10.7537/marsrsj100418.03.

Keywords: Stoma, Intestinal ostomy, Education protocol.

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Laparoscopic Transabdominal Preperitoneal Hernioplasty for Inguinal Hernia and Its Effect on Male Fertility

Akram M. Abu-Tayelˡ, Mohammed I. El-Anany², Tarik M. Emran³, Ayman M. Elwan⁴, Ahmed M. Eldeek⁵

¹General Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University (Damietta), Egypt

²Prof. of General Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University (Cairo), Egypt

³Prof. of Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University (Damietta), Egypt

⁴Ass. Prof. of General Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University (Damietta), Egypt

⁵Ass. Consultant of Radiodiagnosis Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University (Damietta), Egypt

Dr_akram.mostafa@yahoo.com

Abstract: Background: The effect of laparoscopic Transabdominal Preperitoneal (TAPP) inguinal hernia repair on testicular perfusion and function is unclear. The procedure entails dissection of testicular blood vessels and vas deferens off the hernial sac and incorporation of a prosthetic mesh. This carries at minimum, a theoretical risk of compromise in testicular blood supply, which in turn may affect fertility. Hence a study was conducted to compare the effect of laparoscopic transabdominalpre peritoneal inguinal hernia repair on fertility in male patients with unilateral inguinal hernia. Methods: The present study is a prospective randomized study conducted on male patients with inguinal hernia, admitted to surgical department (New Damietta Al-Azhar University Hospital) and underwent Laparoscopic TAPP hernioplasty between March 2017 and March 2018. Thirty Male patients were included in this study. Semen analysis and scrotal duplex were done preoperative as well as three and six months after the operation. A p-value <0.05 was considered significant. Results: No statistically significant difference was noticed in sperm count, progressive motility, testicular perfusion upon comparing these preoperative values with postoperative resultsthree and six months after the operation. Conclusion: TAPP is feasible and excellent option for inguinal hernioplasty. No statistically significant affection of fertility post TAPP operation as regard to testicular blood flow and semen analysis.

[Akram M. Abu-Tayelˡ, Mohammed I. El-Anany, Tarik M. Emran³, Ayman M. Elwan, Ahmed M. Eldeek. Laparoscopic Transabdominal Preperitoneal Hernioplasty for Inguinal Hernia and Its Effect on Male Fertility. Researcher 2018;10(4):27-33]. ISSN 1553-9865 (print); ISSN 2163-8950 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 4. doi:10.7537/marsrsj100418.04.

Keywords: Laparoscopic Transabdominal Preperitoneal Hernioplasty, Inguinal Hernia, Effect on Male Fertility

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Functional Writing Skills

Dr. Ebtihag Ahmed Hassanien ^1,2

¹Assistance Professor, Teaching Arabic Language, Curriculum & Methods of Teaching Department, Faculty of Education, Bisha University, Bisha, Saudi Arabia;

²Assistance Professor, Teaching Arabic Language, Curriculum & Methods of Teaching Department, Faculty of Education, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt

dr.ebtihag3000@yahoo.com,

Abstract: Writing is the purpose of teaching the language. The importance of functional writing for every human being in society stems from the fact that each individual has physical and social interests and needs that require writing. The functional writing relates to transactions and administrative requirements, and facilitates the work of the interests, companies, government departments and others. It is the official writing with specific rules, standardized assets and customary traditions among employees. The current study is concerned with the presentation of the areas of writing skills that should be taught to students to achieve their needs and to become active in society.

[Ebtihag Ahmed Hassanien. Functional Writing Skills. Researcher 2018;10(4):34-41]. ISSN 1553-9865 (print); ISSN 2163-8950 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 5. doi:10.7537/marsrsj100418.05.

Keywords: Functional Writing Skills; Functional Writing Aims; Elements Of Text; Types Of Functional Writing

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Geographical Parameters Related to Abiotic Climatic Factors in district Hisar, Haryana (India)

¹Sudesh and ²Mamta

¹Assistant Professor, Department of Geography, C.R.M. Jat College, Hisar, Haryana (India)

²Assistant Professor, Department of Geography, F.C. Women College, Hisar, Haryana (India)

Email: ¹sudeshranveer@gmail.com and ²mamtakhushi63@yahoo.com

Abstract: Hissar is the administrative headquarters of Hisar district of Hisar division in the state of Haryana which is located in North western India. It is located 164 Km (102 mi) to the West of New Delhi, India's capital, and has been identified as a counter-magnet city for the National Capital Region to develop as an alternative center of growth to Delhi. Hisar is located at 29.09°N and 75.43°E in western Haryana. Hisar has a continental climate, with very hot summers and relatively cool winters. The main characteristics of climate in Hisar are dryness, extremes of temperature, and scanty rainfall. Monthly geographical parameters related to abiotic climatic factors, i.e., temperature (high and low), rainfall/day, humidity, dew point, wind, pressure and visibility was observed from January, 2017 to December, 2017 in district Hisar, Haryana (India). To record above mentioned geographical parameters, direct observation method (Dagar et al., 2001) was followed. During the study, monthly average±S.E. of high temperature (⁰C) 32.83±1.08 and low temperature (⁰C) 18.75±0.97 was observed. Rainfall/day with an average±S.E. of 2±0.00, humidity (%) with an average±S.E. of 60.16±1.81, dew point (⁰C) with an average±S.E. of 16.08±0.99, wind (Km/h) with an average±S.E. of 3.83±0.01, pressure (mbar) with an average±S.E. of 1007.66±4.48 and visibility (Km/h) with an average±S.E. of 3.25±0.11 was observed from January, 2017 to December, 2017 in district Hisar, Haryana (India).

[ Sudesh and Mamta. Geographical Parameters Related to Abiotic Climatic Factors in district Hisar, Haryana (India). Researcher 2018;10(4):42-48]. ISSN 1553-9865 (print); ISSN 2163-8950 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 6. doi:10.7537/marsrsj100418.06.

Keywords: Temperature (high and low), rainfall/day, humidity, dew point, wind, pressure, visibility, Hisar.

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Role of AMF in enhancing the growth of Cenchrus ciliaris under different field capacities.

Ayidh S. Albaqami^1*, Abdul Aziz A. Alqarawi¹ and Abdulaziz A. Al Sahli²

¹ Department of Plant Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences

² Department of Botany & Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460 Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia

*Corresponding author’s email: albgemi1404@gmail.com; Tel: +966552074282

Abstract: Plants in their natural environment are exposed to various abiotic stresses such as drought, salinity, extreme temperatures. Drought severely impairs plant growth and development and hampers performance of plants. It inhibits many metabolic processes and eventually constraints plant growth. We investigated whether the role of AMF can be major factor in improving the efficiency of Cenchrus ciliaris growth under different field capacities. Results showed that AMF inoculated seedlings of C. ciliaris had significantly higher growth at low field capacities than those of Non-AMF inoculated plants. It is concluded that AMF fungi may play a positive role under drought conditions and helps in improving the efficiency of the C. ciliaris to grown under drastic adverse abiotic drought conditions.

[Ayidh S. Albaqami, Abdul Aziz A. Alqarawi and Abdulaziz A. Al Sahli. Role of AMF in enhancing the growth of Cenchrus ciliaris under different field capacities. Researcher 2018;10(4):49-53]. ISSN 1553-9865 (print); ISSN 2163-8950 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 7. doi:10.7537/marsrsj100418.07.

Keywords: Abiotic Stress; Drought; AMF inoculation; Efficiency

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 Studying the Effects of Irradiation with Alpha Particles and Etching on the Optical Energy Band Gap of LR115 Detector

H. Bakr

Department of Physics, College of Education for Pure Science, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq.
E-mail address: hamza.bakr@ymail.com

Abstract: LR 115 is one of the ideal Solid State Nuclear Track Detectors (SSNTD’s), which is frequently used in the numerous application and studies in applied science. The effects of α-particles irradiation and etching with 2.5N NaOH aqueous solution at 60 0C by a water bath on the absorbance A, transmittance T, reflectance R and optical energy band gap Eg of LR115 are studied through the measurements of UV/Visible spectrophotometer with wave length range (200-1000)nm. The irradiations are performed by using 241Am source at constant alpha particle energy 5.48 MeV normal incident for different irradiation times (0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15)days. Exposure of LR115 detector to α-particles doses and etched, causes a great effect on the structural of LR115 films. The energy band gap of LR115 films irradiated with α-particles is calculated before and after etching. The values of optical energy band gap Eg are found between (1.885-1.870)eV without etching and between (1.875-1.800)ev with etching, for irradiation times (0-15) days respectively. From these results, we can reveal that the values of energy gaps without etching (before and after irradiation) greater than those with etching. Thus, variations in the optical energy band gap Eg values may be due to the formation of defects (radicals and organic species) in LR115 films due to alpha irradiation. The number of carbon atoms has been determined in each case for optical energy gap.
[H.Bakr. Studying the Effects of Irradiation with Alpha Particles and Etching on the Optical Energy Band Gap of LR115 Detector. Researcher 2018;10(4):54-64]. ISSN 1553-9865 (print); ISSN 2163-8950 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 8. doi:10.7537/marsrsj100418.08.

Keywords: LR115 track etch polymer; etching time; Optical band gap energy; alpha irradiation; UV/VIS Spectroscopy; optical properties: number of carbon atoms

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The investigation of the relationship between financial competition and restrictions in companies accepted in Tehran Stock Exchange

Mohammad Sadegh Amini Pour 1, Mohammad Reza Pazohi 2

1.Department of Management, Faculty of Humanities, Servestan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Servestan, Iran
2.Department of Management, Faculty of Humanities, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran
z_rahmatia@yahoo.com

Abstract: This research aims to study the relationship between financial competition and restrictions in companies accepted in Tehran Stock Exchange. This study is an applied research regarding objective and it is correlation regarding data collection method. Data collected through observing financial statement and reports of attached financial statement of office database and other companies and Stock exchange Organization and investigating wide articles and research background in this field. This research’s results showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between Herfindahl-Hirschman index regarding coefficient (0.088) and significance level (0.002) and financial restrictions, but there is a negative and significant relationship between two other competition indexes in this research including Concentration Competition and Tobin’s Q Competition performance with coefficients (-0.114) and (-0.128) and significance level (0.000) with companies’ financial restrictions, respectively.
[Mohammad Sadegh Amini Pour, Mohammad Reza Pazohi. The investigation of the relationship between financial competition and restrictions in companies accepted in Tehran Stock Exchange. Researcher 2018;10(4):65-70]. ISSN 1553-9865 (print); ISSN 2163-8950 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 9. doi:10.7537/marsrsj100418.09.

Keywords: Herfindahl-Hirschman Competition index, Tobin’s Q Competition, Financial Restriction

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Review on the Epidemiology and Associated Risk Factors of Schistosomiasis in Amhara Region

1Alemzewud Wondim (DVM), 2Negesse Mekonnen (Assi. Prof.), 1⃰Ayana Wubie (DVM)

1Lecture; Burie Poly Technic College; Department of animal health; Burie; Ethiopia P.O. Box. 75; Email: ayanawb10@gmail.com
2 Lectures; B/Dar University; College of Agriculture and Environmental Science

Abstract: Schistosomiasis is a snail-borne trematode infection in man and animals in tropical and subtropical countries. It is an economically important disease caused by several Schistosoma species and results in economic losses through mortality and morbidity from severe infection and long-term effect of moderate- and long-standing chronic infection. It is a Neglected Tropical Disease (NTD) of profound medical and veterinary importance. Schistosomosis is endemic in the tropical and subtropical countries of Africa, Asia and southern Europe. The geographical distribution of schistosoma species infecting cattle are mainly determined by the distribution of their respective intermediate host snails, level of infection and the frequency of water contacts. shows that at least 235 million cases of schistosomiasis disease burden occur world-wide, with 732 million people at risk of infection and another 200,000 people died each year especially in sub-Saharan Africa where the disease is said to be endemic. Epidemiological studies conducted on bovine schistosomiasis are suggestive of the endemicity of the disease in Ethiopia particularly in the area with large permanent water bodies and marsh pasture areas of the country. Most infections in endemic areas occur at a subclinical level. However, it has been established that high level of prevalence of subclinical infections cause significant losses due to long-term effects on animal growth and productivity and increased susceptibility to other diseases. S. bovis has a localized distribution, which is found commonly in northern, eastern, southwestern and central parts of Ethiopia with varying prevalence ranging from 1.5 % - 33% in Gewene and Bahirdar respectively. The snail hosts favor intensive transmission of Schistosomiasis and the infection rate of the disease are mainly affected by host related factors, anthropogenic/ human factors like poorly designed irrigation projects, management and seasonal factors. Ruminants are usually infected with cercariae by penetration of the skin, although infection may be acquired orally while animals are drinking. Diagnosis is based primarily on the clinico-pathological picture, seasonal occurrence, previous history of schistosomiasis in the area or the identification of snail habitats with a history of access to natural water bodies, demonstration of characteristic eggs based on the species in the feces, postmortem examination and hematological tests. A pre-requisite for disease control/prevention is to screen factors facilitating identification of categories of animals that are at particular risk of developing an infection. So, an in depth understanding of the epidemiology of schistosomiasis is required to develop control strategies
[Alemzewud Wondim, Negesse Mekonnen, Ayana Wubie. Review on the Epidemiology and Associated Risk Factors of Schistosomiasis in Amhara Region. Researcher 2018;10(4):71-81]. ISSN 1553-9865 (print); ISSN 2163-8950 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 10. doi:10.7537/marsrsj100418.10.

Key words: Bovine, Prevalence, Schistosomiasis, Risk factors, Amhara region, Ethiopia

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Investigating the relationship between school climate and creativity spirit of male students of first course secondary school in Tehran 7th area in the academic year of 2017-18. Mona Mirzaei Nia, Reza Sharifi Nia

Mona Mirzaei Nia¹, Reza Sharifi Nia²

^1. MA in Educational Psychology Islamic Azad University, Arak branch, Iran

^2. PHD in Psychology Department of psychology, Sciences and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran

Reza.sharifinia64@gmail.com

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between organizational climate of school and the creativity of students in district 7 of Tehran in the period of 97-96. For this purpose, 270 individuals were selected as sample using randomized cluster sampling. The research tool for organizational climate assessment of the Holpin and Kraft College of Psychology (1963) and the O'Neill and Abedi Creativity Questionnaire (1996) was used to measure students' creativity. The method of this research has been descriptive and survey. The results of this study show a positive and significant relationship between the school climate and students' creativity (P <0.05).

[Mona Mirzaei Nia, Reza Sharifi Nia. Investigating the relationship between school climate and creativity spirit of male students of first course secondary school in Tehran 7th area in the academic year of 2017-18. Mona Mirzaei Nia, Reza Sharifi Nia. Researcher 2018;10(4):94-98]. ISSN 1553-9865 (print); ISSN 2163-8950 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 12. doi:10.7537/marsrsj100418.12.

Keyword: Organizational Climate, Creativity, Students

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Weibull-Halfnormal Mixture Distribution and Its Properties

Maradesa Adeleke

Department of Statistics, Federal university of Technology, Akure

maradprime1@gmail.com

Abstract: This research study the generalization of weibull and halfnormal Distribution (WHND) called weibull-halfnormal distribution (WHND) through its distribution function and mathematical derivation of its moment, reliability, cumulative distribution function, hazard rate function, probability density function and application to telecommunication data. The distribution was found to generalize some known distributions thereby providing a great flexibility in modeling heavy tailed, skewed and bimodal distributions.

[Maradesa Adeleke. Weibull-Halfnormal Mixture Distribution and Its Properties. Researcher 2018;10(4):82-93]. ISSN 1553-9865 (print); ISSN 2163-8950 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 11. doi:10.7537/marsrsj100418.11.

Keywords: Weibull-Halfnormal Distribution (WHND), Moment generating function, Hazard Function, Reliability

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