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Study on the Computer networks and data communication

Dr. Gulshan Kumar

Assistant Professor in Computer Science, Rawal Institutions, Sohna Road, Near Zakopur, Faridabad, Haryana (India)

Email- Gulshan_dixit@rediffmail.com

Abstract: A computer network or data network is a telecommunications network that allows computers to exchange data. In computer networks, networked computing devices pass data to each other along data connections. The connections (network links) between nodes are established using either cable media or wireless media. The best-known computer network is the Internet. Network computer devices that originate, route and terminate the data are called network nodes. Nodes can include hosts such as personal computers, phones, servers as well as networking hardware. Two such devices are said to be networked together when one device is able to exchange information with the other device, whether or not they have a direct connection to each other. Computer networks support applications such as access to the World Wide Web, shared use of application and storage servers, printers, and fax machines, and use of email and instant messaging applications. Computer networks differ in the physical media used to transmit their signals, the communications protocols to organize network traffic, the network's size, topology and organizational intent.  Data communications refers to the transmission of this digital data between two or more computers and a computer network or data network is a telecommunications network that allows computers to exchange data. The physical connection between networked computing devices is established using either cable media or wireless media. The best-known computer network is the Internet. This tutorial should teach you basics of Data Communication and Computer Network (DCN) and will also take you through various advance concepts related to Data Communication and Computer Network. Networking engineering is a complicated task, which involves software, firmware, chip level engineering, hardware, and electric pulses. To ease network engineering, the whole networking concept is divided into multiple layers. Each layer is involved in some particular task and is independent of all other layers. But as a whole, almost all networking tasks depend on all of these layers. Layers share data between them and they depend on each other only to take input and send output.

[Kumar, G. Study on the Computer networks and data communication. N Y Sci J 2025;18(2):1-5]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 01. doi:10.7537/marsnys180225.01

Keywords: Network; Computer; Data Communication; DNC

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The importance of applying wasfty to the residents of the holy city of Mecca

Obied M. Alsaab ⁽¹⁾,  Salem T. Alharbi,  Turky M. Al Harthy,  Hasan S. Alshughaybi, Nawaf A. Alshamrani,  Saeed H. Alsuhimi, Hussam M. Alowaydhi, Ali. D. Algarni, Sayyaf K. Almabadi_.

Pharmacy Technician at Ibn Sina Hospital for long-term care, Ministry of Health, Mecca, Saudi Arabia ⁽¹⁾

Pharmacy Assistant, Ibn Sina Hospital, Ministry of Health, Mecca, Saudi Arabia

Pharmacist Technician, Ibn Sina Extended Care Hospital, Mecca, Saudi Arabia

Pharmacist, Ibn Sina Extended Care Hospital, Mecca, Saudi Arabia

Pharmacist, Ibn Sina Hospital, Mecca, Saudi Arabis

Pharmacist, Hadaa Primary Health Care Center

Pharmacist Technician, Ibn Sina Hospital, Mecca, Saudi Arabia

Pharmacist, Health Affairs Compliance Department, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

Pharmacist Technician, Compliance Control Department, Mecca, Saudi Arabia

Oalsaab@moh.gov.sa

Abstract: the aim of the study is to find out the importance of the application of wasfty for the population of Mecca (Holy city), whether for Health centers or Hospitals, to know their opinions and impressions in terms of ease of use and download, and the quantity and variety of medicines for them. The reaction to this application or the decision makers by the male reviewers or female reviewers in Mecca on the extent to which they accept the application or not. An electronic questionnaire was created through the Google Drive application, where this questionnaire was distributed to social networking WhatsApp groups, where 750 responses were obtained from those (residents of the city of Mecca), out of a total of 900 questionnaires.

[Obied M. Alsaab, Salem T. Alharbi, Turky M. Al Harthy, Hasan S. Alshughaybi, Nawaf A. Alshamrani, Saeed H. Alsuhimi, Hussam M. Alowaydhi, Ali. D. Algarni, Sayyaf K. Almabadi_. The importance of applying wasfty to the residents of the holy city of Mecca. N Y Sci J 2025;18(2):6-9]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 02. doi:10.7537/marsnys180225.02

Keywords: wasfty; electronic; application; dispensing; medicine; male; female; reviewer

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Milankovitch cycles — Basics of Monsoon Time Scales: Formulation of Arizona Monsoon Time Scale

Gangadhara Rao Irlapati

H.No.5-30-4/1, Saibabanagar, Jeedimetla, Hyderabad, India-500055

                                                        E-mail: gangadhar19582058@gmail.com

Introduction:  According to the Milankovitch cycle, the angle of the Earth's axial tilt (obliquity) regarding the orbital plane (the obliquity of the ecliptic) varies between 22.1° and 24.5°, over a cycle of about 41,000 years. The current tilt is 23.44°, roughly halfway between its extreme values. Milankovitch cycles are a series of periodic changes in the Earth's orbit around the Sun that affect the amount of solar radiation the Earth receives, which in turn influences climate change. This tilt does not remain constant at 23.44°.  It oscillates up and down and slowly moves to 24.5°. The oscillation of up and down will be about 85 years, according to the Monsoon Time Scales. That is, about 60 years up, 25 years down, in total oscillating once every about 85 years. When it moves up to 22.1°, droughts and famines occur, and when it moves up to 24.5°, heavy rains and floods occur. Oscillating in this way, it slowly moves forward. All this can be clearly observed in the Monsoon Time Scales. If this is true, then we are close to reaching 24.5°, So, are there going to be more climate changes in the coming centuries? What are the Milankovitch Cycles?  What is their importance in the study of climate changes? How they determine the scientific accuracy of Global Monsoon Time Scales?  What is the relationship between Milankovitch cycles and Global Monsoon Time Scales? What are the new things that can be learned by Global Monsoon Time Scales? What is the need to establish the Arzona Monsoon Time Scale to unravel the mysteries of the Arzona Monsoon?  Let's discuss in this paper. I call on world scientists to establish the Arzona Monsoon Time Scale  following the Basics of Monsoon Time Scales outlined below, based on the India Monsoon Time Scale which is successfully proved out in practice and  break down the mysteries of the Arzona monsoon.

[Gangadhara Rao Irlapati. Milankovitch cycles — Basics of Monsoon Time Scales: Formulation of Arizona Monsoon Time Scale. N Y Sci J 2025;18(2):10-64]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 03. doi:10.7537/marsnys180225.03

Keywords: Bioforecast (1965-70); A New Hypothetical Model of Cosmology (1970-77); Inquisition (1977-79); Basics of Geoscope (1980-87); Basics of Monsoon Time Scales (1987-91); Indian Monsoon Time Scale (1991); Researches on Earth and space related issues (1991-2000); Numerical Weather Periodic Tables (2000-10); Designs of Geoscope projects (2010-20); Designs of Global Monsoon Time Scales (2020-)

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