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Advancements and Challenges in Magnesium-Air Battery

Yang Yu¹, Xiaohui Liu², Xiaoen Shi³, Kaixuan Yang¹, Yijia Huang¹, Lin Hu¹*

^1.School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang 330013, China

^2.Ningguo Economic and Technological Development Zone, Xuancheng 242000, China

^3.Ningguo Jiutian Chemical Co., Ltd, Xuancheng 242000, China

^*hulin21@hotmail.com

Abstract: The growing reliance on electronic devices has led to significant energy consumption and environmental challenges, such as air pollution and climate change. As a result, there is an urgent need for alternative energy sources and advanced energy storage solutions. Among these, metal-air fuel cells—particularly magnesium-air batteries—have garnered considerable attention due to their low cost, high theoretical voltage, and environmental benefits. Magnesium, as a promising alternative to lithium-ion batteries, is valued for its abundant reserves, low cost, high theoretical energy density, and relatively low reactivity. However, the development of magnesium-air batteries faces obstacles such as passivation, corrosion, and efficiency limitations. This paper reviews recent advancements in the development of magnesium and its alloys as anodes, with a particular focus on Mg-Al and Mg-Zn-Sn alloys, which have shown potential to reduce corrosion and enhance efficiency. On the cathode side, various catalysts and their different morphologies have demonstrated distinct advantages in improving battery voltage and discharge capacity. Innovations in electrolytes have introduced new combinations that enhance the physicochemical properties of the electrode-electrolyte interface, prevent the deposition of magnesium reaction products, and reduce interfacial impedance. These collective efforts have significantly improved the stability, durability, and efficiency of magnesium-air batteries. With ongoing technological advancements, magnesium-air batteries hold promising potential for applications in portable power supplies, electric vehicles, drones, and beyond.

[Yang Yu, Xiaohui Liu, Xiaoen Shi, Kaixuan Yang, Yijia Huang, Lin Hu. Advancements and Challenges in Magnesium-Air Battery. N Y Sci J 2024;17(9):1-12]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 01. doi:10.7537/marsnys170924.01

Keywords: Magnesium ion batteries; battery anode; metal-air batteries; corrosion resistance; electrolyte

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ECONOMIC IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF PULSES AND OILSEED INTERCROPS ON YIELD AND QUALITY PARAMETERS OF SUGARCANE

Naeem Ahmad¹, Abdul Khaliq*¹, Mahmood ul Hassan¹, Muhammad Azhar Munir¹, Muhammad Yasin, Mubashra Yasin¹, Rashad ul sher² , Muhammad Younus¹, Hafiz Basheer Ahmad¹, Salsabeel rauf³,  Iqtidar Hussain⁴

1.      Sugarcane Research Institute, Faisalabad.   

2.      Agronomic Research Station, Farooq abad

3.      Oilseed research institute, Faisalabad.

4.      Department of Agronomy, GOMAL University, Deera Ismail Khan

*Corresponding author email: khaliq1775@gmail.com

ABSTRACT:  Background: Climate change and food security is a challenge that world is currently facing. Intercropping being an alternate management approaches in sugarcane field is an excellent practice to increase yield, net return, farm land use efficiency and soil health. Intercrops provide interim economic return to small farmers in interim period.

Objectives: The objective of the experiment is to calculate the economics of various inter cropping systems, useful for the prosperity of small sugarcane growers.

Methodology:  For this purpose, a research experiment was designed during the crop season 2017-18 and 2018-19 at Sugarcane Research Institute, Faisalabad, Pakistan. The plot size was 10 m × 9.6 m.  The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with five replications. The treatments included four intercrops viz. one and two lines of Mung, Mash, Sunflower and canola with Sugarcane (CPF-249) alone.

Results: It was concluded from the study that higher cane yield (103.3 t ha^-1), sugar yield (13.12 t ha^-1) and more economic advantage of Rs. 345210/- ha^-1 were obtained when intercropped with two lines of Canola. After canola, economic advantage of Rs. 264700/- ha^-1 was obtained when intercropped with two lines of Mash. It is also suggested that a canola and Mash as intercrop will be more profitable for sugarcane growers to fetch short term benefit. 

[Naeem Ahmad, Abdul Khaliq, Mahmood ul Hassan, Muhammad Azhar Munir, Muhammad Yasin, Mubashra Yasin, Rashad ul sher , Muhammad Younus, Hafiz Basheer Ahmad, Salsabeel rauf,  Iqtidar Hussain. ECONOMIC IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF PULSES AND OILSEED INTERCROPS ON YIELD AND QUALITY PARAMETERS OF SUGARCANE. N Y Sci J 2024;17(9):13-18]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 02. doi:10.7537/marsnys170924.02

Keywords:   Canola, Intercropping, economics, Benefit Cost Ratio, Mash

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Relationship between Job Satisfaction and organizational commitment (Case Study: organizations Yazd)

Negar Alsadat Mirzadeh

Department of  strategic Management, Yazd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Yazd, Iran.

Abstract: On the threshold of the third millennium of human civilization and technology and outstanding special features, and science and technology are widely and quickly goes and encompass of life and human civilization and faced with complex personal and social problems requires a new approach. One of these new approaches, especially in organizations is professionalism and commitment principles. Professional Job Satisfaction and organizational commitment are the most principles. This study aims to investigate the interactions of the components of professional Job Satisfaction and organizational commitment in YAZD Governors. The method used in this study is a survey questionnaire data and using simple random sampling method was collected from 183 employees of YAZD governor. To assess the reliability use the cronbach s coefficient. Data were analyzed using SPSS statistical software. Professional Job Satisfaction was measured in standard questionnaire of 16 items. The findings indicate that organizational commitment and professional Job Satisfaction too moderate and in general were between organizational commitment and professional Job Satisfaction and accountability, truthfulness, fairness, loyalty  and there is no interface relationship between organizational commitment and superiority of racing.

[Negar Alsadat Mirzadeh. Relationship between Job Satisfaction and organizational commitment (Case Study: organizations Yazd). N Y Sci J 2024;17(9):19-23]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 03. doi:10.7537/marsnys170924.03

Keywords:  professional Job Satisfaction, components of professional Job Satisfaction, organizational commitment, YAZD city

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Indian Monsoon Time Scale & its exploration of climate change

Gangadhara Rao Irlapati

H.No.5-30-4/1, Saibabanagar, Jeedimetla, Hyderabad, India-500055

Email:  gangadhar19582058@gmail.com

Google/Phone pay A/C No. +91 630 557 1833

Abstract: Gulf of California monsoon is a key system in  global monsoon systems. I have conducted many scientific researches on this monsoon system  and as a part these researches, I proposed and designed the Basics of Gulf of California Monsoon Time Scale  which can help to study the past, present and future conditions of the Gulf of California monsoon. In the current year 2022, the pre-path of Indian summer monsoon was traveling upwards and reached to the 29th June. Below this, the main-path of Indian summer monsoon also traveled upwards parallel to the pre-path of Indian summer monsoon with a difference of about 30 days and reached to the 29th July, As it moves further up, changes in the climate are likely increasing and there are more chances of heavy rains and floods in the coming years.

[Gangadhara Rao Irlapati. Indian Monsoon Time Scale & its exploration of climate change. N Y Sci J 2024;17(9):24-148]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 04. doi:10.7537/marsnys170924.04

Keywords:   Global Monsoons Time Scales, North American Monsoon Time Scale, North African Monsoon Time Scale, Indian Monsoons Time Scale, East Asian Monsoon Time Scale, Western North Pacific Monsoon Time Scale, South American Monsoon Time Scale, South African Monsoon Time Scale, Australian Monsoon Time Scale, European Monsoon Time Scale

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