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Patent Right in the Indian Legal System

Monika Panwar

H. No. 581 L Behind Model Towen, Panipat, Haryana (India)

E-mail- monapanwar9813023230@gmail.com

Abstract Under the provisions of section 159 of the Patents Act, 1970 the Central Government is empowered to make rules for implementing the Act and regulating patent administration. Accordingly, the Patents Rules, 1972 were notified and brought into force w.e.f. 20.4.1972. These Rules were amended from time to time till 20 May 2003 when new Patents Rules, 2003 were brought into force by replacing the 1972 rules. These rules were further amended by the Patents (Amendment) Rules, 2005 and the Patents (Amendment) Rules, 2006. The last amendments are made effective from 5 th May 2006. The patentee’s rights have been clearly enshrined under the Patents Act, 1970. Despite that, there are numerous cases of patent infringement. The violation of patentee’s rights can be resolved only when the laws are suitably placed, and the laws changes with the time, adjusting to the changing situations. Patentees have the exclusive right to move to the court in case of infringement of their patent rights. But the rights of the patentee should be exercised within the prescribed limits of the law. It is crucial to be fully aware of your rights and enforce them to reap the maximum benefits. In addition, patentees must also be aware of the limitation of these rights, as well as obligations required to be fulfilled. Since understanding all of this can be a difficult task for anyone, it is always advisable to avail services of a reliable third party in such matters.

[Panwar, M. Patent Right in the Indian Legal System. N Y Sci J 2023;16(3):1-7]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 01.doi:10.7537/marsnys160323.01.

Keywords: Patent, Right, Legal system, India.

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The impact of education on preventing child labour in India

Ravi

H. No. 1752/05, Bahadur Chand Colony, Karnal-132001, Haryana (India)

E-mail- ravichand5019@gmail.com

Education is a necessary element and one of the most important means of societal progress. Based on their literacy rate, a country’s development could either be appreciated or depreciated. Civil unrest and other social evils result in a lack of education. Child labour is one of the outcomes that calls into question our social behaviour about the country’s future. The global epidemic has had a disastrous effect on every element of society, including this one. Working from home and taking online classes may appeal to a certain group of people. It’s been a tragedy for the remainder of the underprivileged. The situation worsened for those children who were exposed to the virus, and the fight was aggravated for the comfort of the privileged. India, as a varied country with numerous cultures, adheres to legal parameters that are also respectful of other traditions. We can distinguish between right and wrong norms with the help of education. Educational cultures should be considered the foundation of progress among various cultures. The study goes through all of the other issues of child labour, as well as the role of education in eradicating it. It is difficult to combat social taboos without educating the people of a country, but it is even more difficult to combat social taboos with educated people who are not socially aware.

[Ravi. The impact of education on preventing child labour in India. N Y Sci J 2023;16(3):8-11]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 02.doi:10.7537/marsnys160323.02.

KEYWORDS: Education, Children, Unprivileged, Labour

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Analysis of Right of Private Defense Under Indian Penal Code

Harish Singh

H. No. 413, Ward No. 12, Geeta Colony, Assandh, Karnal-132001, Haryana (India)

E-mail- harishdhillonadv89@gmail.com

Abstract: Private defence is a right available to every citizen of India to protect himself from any external force that may result in any harm or injury. In layman's terms, it means using an otherwise illegal act to protect oneself or another person, protect property, or prevent any other criminal activity. Sections 96 to 106 of the Indian Penal Code, 1860 contain provisions relating to the right of private defence, which is available to every citizen of India. Citizens of every free country should have the right of private defence to protect themselves from any imminent danger at a time when state aid is not available or possible. This right should be understood with the duty of the state to protect its citizens as well as their property. It was granted as a right of self-defence to every citizen of India, but it is often misused by many people by treating it as an excuse for committing any crime or misdemeanour. Therefore, this right of private defence is subject to certain restrictions and limitations. Although the right of private defence has been granted to the citizens of India as a weapon for their self-defence, it is often used by many people for evil or illegal purposes. It is now the duty and responsibility of the court to examine whether the right has been invoked in good faith or not. The extent of the exercise of this right does not depend on actual danger, but instead on a reasonable suspicion of danger. This right can be extended by the accused in certain circumstances, but only to a certain extent that would not violate the right to private defence.

[Singh, H. Analysis of Right of Private Defense Under Indian Penal Code. N Y Sci J 2023;16(3):12-16]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 03.doi:10.7537/marsnys160323.03.

Keywords: Right, Private Defense, IPC

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A detailed study on Dowry Death in India

Pinky Sharma

Kath Mandi Samalkha, Panipat-132101, Haryana (India)

E-mail- pkgkmkt@gmail.com

Abstract: In India dowry refers to a property or any valuable security that is given or agreed to be given by one party within a marriage to another party. In India, the part who agreed to give dowry is mainly the parents of a girl to the groom's family. Taking dowry is itself a crime and prohibited as per the “Dowry act 1961”. However, as per this research, it has been found that the act, which is imposed in this country for the prohibition of dowry, was failed due to various limitations within it. Dowry death is a major social issue, where a bride commitssuicide or being killed by their husbands due to their intolerable demand and abusive behaviour. The main aim of this research is to analyse the current state of the dowry system in India and determine the effectiveness of existing legislation in preventing dowry death. As per the literature findings, the major reason behind the dowry death issues within India is the lack of awareness regarding the legislation associated with girls’ education and job opportunities. As per the literature, decreasing rate of dowry deaths in India is mainly caused by regular amendment of legislative structure to seek proper justice. A secondary thematic analysis has been endured in this research to identify various effects of the dowry system, main causes as well as gaps in legislative structure. As per the findings, itcan be stated that proper education and empowerment in India can reduce the tendency of dowry deaths and make women confident to protest.

[Sharma, P. A detailed study on Dowry Death in India. N Y Sci J 2023;16(3):17-20]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 04.doi:10.7537/marsnys160323.04.

Keywords: “Dowry Deaths”, Empowerment, Education, “Dowry Act 1961”, “discrimination”, “Financial instability”, “Suicide”, “Social Programs”

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Act in protecting the right of consumers in India

Gurjit Singh

Jaurasi Khas, Samalkha, Panipat-132101, Haryana (India)

E-mail- gurjitsingh180@gmail.com

Abstract: An effective, efficient and fair implementation of the consumer protection Act is sine qua non for promoting the culture of good governance and thereby ensuring the better promotion and protection of the rights of the consumers. If the rights of the consumers in relation to the quality of goods and services are assured and taken care of then there will be no cause for complaints. This situation would certainly create an atmosphere wherein the clients, customers and consumers would feel satisfied with the things needed most to them. It is also equally necessary for the consumer of goods/services to be aware of the mechanisms available for redressal in case of grievances. Consumer redressal has also been built into the Consumer Protection Act. There are various fora like the lokadalats, district consumer forum, state consumer forum and the National consumer Disputes Redressal Authority where aggrieved consumers can apply for redressal of grievances. While the government has been initiating various schemes and programmes for the protection of the consumer, it is necessary that the consumer takes the onus to make use of all the protection mechanisms and asserts some self-care in buying goods/ availing of services. It is only by exercising their rights that the consumer can be in the driving seat

[Singh, G. Act in protecting the right of consumers in India. N Y Sci J 2023;16(3):21-25]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 05.doi:10.7537/marsnys160323.05.

Keywords: Consumer Protection, Empowering, ConsumerRights, Grievance Redressal, Goods/ Services, Awareness.

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Importance of fundamental right under Indian constitution

Ravish Kumar

Assan Kalan, Panipat-132105, Haryana (India)

E-mail- ravishkangra1988@gmail.com

Abstract: The aim of the paper is insight on the constitution of India is based on the principles of liberty, equality, fraternity and justice. For achieving aim we have undertaken a concise study of all the journals and books which are linked with the provisions of the constitution manifest great respect for human dignity, commitment to equality and non-discrimination and concern for the weaker section in society. Further, the constitution makes it mandatory for the Government to protect and promote freedoms, and to assure every citizen a decent standard of living. In other words, the Indian Constitution guarantees the basic human rights to every citizen of India. This paper dealt with general Constitutional Laws of India and the amendments made into Constitution of India. The paper also reveals about the schemes for realization of the above mentioned goals are contained in the Fundamental Rights enshrined in Part III and Part IV of the Constitution. The right to freedom, the right against exploitation, the right to freedom of religion, cultural and educational rights, right to constitutional remedies and special provisions relating to certain classes are some of the constitutional provisions ensuring human rights.

[Kumar, K. Importance of fundamental right under Indian constitution. N Y Sci J 2023;16(3):26-31]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 06.doi:10.7537/marsnys160323.06.

Keywords: Fundamental right, India, Constitution

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The Mystery of the Successful of Saudi Arabia Projects through Applying OGSM framework

Eng. Waleed Akhtar M. Sultan, Ph.D.

Researcher, DBA Candidate, MBA. PfMP, PgMP, PMP, PMI-RMP, PMI-ACP, PMI-PBA, PMO, FMP, AVS, KPI-P, P3O, MoP, CP3P, CE, CSS, CMAIS, Saudi Arabia, Riyadh, MOMRAH

wsultan2030@gmail.com

Abstract: This research explores the OGSM framework's effectiveness in project success in Saudi Arabia. The study utilized a theoretical method and carried out a literature review to examine the OGSM framework. It examined its application in project management, and the success factors of Saudi Arabia's projects. The research questions focused on the OGSM framework, its effectiveness in achieving project success in Saudi Arabia, and recommendations for future implementation. The literature review covered various topics such as KPIs, Risk Management, VRIO analysis, Agile Management, BRM, CX, Governance & Compliance, Big Data, and AI. The study analyzed examples of how Saudi Arabia applied the OGSM framework in its projects and initiatives, including Solidifying the Kingdom's Position as a Leader in the Construction and Building Components and Services for the Real Estate Sector and Supporting the Growth of the Metals and Mining Sector. The findings indicate that the OGSM framework is effective for achieving project success in Saudi Arabia. The framework provides a clear understanding of the project's goals and objectives, facilitates effective communication among project stakeholders, and enables effective decision-making. The study recommends the implementation of the OGSM framework in future projects in Saudi Arabia and other countries. In conclusion, this research provides insight into the successful application of the OGSM framework in project management in Saudi Arabia. The study highlights the importance of the framework in achieving project success and recommends its adoption in future projects. OGSM's 25 mysteries demonstrate its effectiveness in a variety of industries and types of projects through the application of the framework in Saudi Arabia.

[Eng. Waleed Akhtar M. Sultan, Ph.D. The Mystery of the Successful of Saudi Arabia Projects through Applying OGSM framework. N Y Sci J 2023;16(3):32-46]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 07.doi:10.7537/marsnys160323.07.

Keywords: OGSM (objective, goals, strategies and measures)- Net Promoter Score (NPS) Return on Investment (ROI)- VRIO (value, rarity, imitability, and organization)- Artificial Intelligence (AI)- Big Data (BD)- Customer Experience (CX).

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 Dickkopf-1 Prognostic value in Newborn with Hypoxic- Ischemic Encephalopathy

Abdalmoktader, A.M., Yousef, A.T., Alkassem Algameel, Karam, D.M.

 

Pediatrics Department- Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Egypt

drahmed@fayoum.edu.eg, ashraftalaat1@yahoo.com, a_algameel@yahoo.com, dina_adham79@yahoo.com

Abstract:   Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy is an important cause of brain injury in the newborns and can result in devasting consequences. The principle mechanism underlying neurological damage in Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy HIE resulting from hypoxemia and or ischemia is deprivation of glucose and oxygen supply which cause energy failure.  DKK-1 is a secreted protein involved in embryonic development and known as a potent inhibitor of the Wnt signaling pathway, which plays a critical role in cell pattering, proliferation and cell determination during embryogenesis. Therefore, this study aimed to measure serum dickkopf-1 level in neonates with HIE and to compare it with healthy infants, also to compare it within different grades of hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy, and to study the relation between dickkopf-1 and mortality of newborns. The present study was carried on 40 full term newborns in the neonatal intensive care units (NICU) in Fayoum general hospital, from May 2018 to August 2019.  Who were grouped into two groups, group I (full term HIE neonates) includes 20 full term ≥ 37 weeks neonates with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (15 males, 5 females), group II (full term healthy neonate) includes 20 full term ≥ 37 weeks neonates who apparently healthy (11 males, 9 females). Apgar score was done at 1 minute and 5 minutes after delivery for all studied neonates. Both groups were subjected to full medical history, clinical examination and laboratory investigations in form of complete blood count (CBC) and measurement of serum dickkopf-1 level on the first day of admission. Our study reported that there was high statistical significant difference between both groups as regards apgar score at 1 and 5 minutes after delivery which accompanied by a significant negative correlation between serum DKK-1 and apgar score. Also, it revealed that dickkopf-1 level had higher levels in neonates with HIE compared with healthy ones. Moreover dickkopf-1 level was significant positively correlated with grades of HIE.  We reported also that DKK-1 was significant negatively correlated with Hgb, WBC and platelets counts. In our study, we found that DKK-1 was significant positively correlated with poor neurodevelopmental outcome and mortality among HIE neonate All these results recommend the use of Dickkopf-1 as a predictor for diagnosis and prognosis of HIE neonates.  

[Abdalmoktader, A.M., Yousef, A.T., Alkassem Algameel, Karam, D.M. Dickkopf-1 Prognostic value in Newborn with Hypoxic- Ischemic Encephalopathy. N Y Sci J 2023;16(3):47-54]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 08.doi:10.7537/marsnys160323.08.

Key words: Dickkopf-1 - Hypoxia ischemia –Newborns- Encephalopathy

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