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Dr. B.R. Ambedkar’s Contribution For Indian Education And Society

Dr. Nandni Gautam

Mig 137 Mahirishi Dayananand Vihar Face 1, Indranagar Kanpur-208026, Uttar Pradesh (India)

Email: nandniravi86@gmail.com

Abstract: Dr. Bhim Rao Ambedkar was one of the greatest leaders of India. He was a great historian, an economist, social worker and educationist. It was he who drafted the Indian constitution and hence the major architect of the constitution of India. He was a great thinker, genius blessed with an extraordinary mind and therefore obstacles of his way could not stop him from stepping ahead and finding the path of the success. Although many educationists, economists and great thinkers had left their impact on Baba Saheb, he never let his own thoughts to be overshadowed by them. He had his own vision for the people of India. He firmly believed that political democracy cannot succeed without social and economic democracy. Dr. B.R. Ambedkar was a crusader against social and economic injustice. He rebelled against the evils of casteism, inequality and superstitions prevailing in the society. He dedicated his whole life to the betterment of socially backward people of India and played a major role in the liberation of the backward classes from the artificial bondages created by the privileged sections of society for their own benefit. He was against violence. A supporter of human rights and firm believer in the Buddhist doctrine of non-violence he asked his followers to ‘agitate’ for their rights in a peaceful manner. According to Dr. Ambedkar, “For the successful working of democracy there must not be glaring inequalities in the society. There must not be an oppressed class. There must not be a suppressed class.” He believed that there is need for reformation in society. Ideal and modern society should involve individual liberty and equality. Social democracy was the vision of Dr B. R. Ambedkar as rights of individuals are protected not by law but by the “social and moral conscience of society.”

[Gautam, N. Dr. B.R. Ambedkar’s Contribution For Indian Education And Society. N Y Sci J 2022;15(10):1-4] ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online) http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 01.  

doi:10.7537/marsnys151022.01.

Keywords: Indian economy, canon, public fund, utilisation, upliftment, industrialization

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The Toxicity Effects of Lead and Zinc on Seed Germination and Plant Growth of Common Leguminous Yellow Flame Roadside Tree species Peltophorum pterocarpum (Dc.) Baker ex Heyne

Ashufta Rafat¹, Muhammad Zafar Iqbal¹ and Muhammad Shafiq^1*

¹Department of Botany, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan.

Corresponding author: ^1*shafiqeco@yahoo.com

Corresponding author: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0488-8946

Abstract: Environmental pollution by heavy metals due to anthropogenic, industrial, automobile activities and its impact on living organisms is a worldwide problem. The addition of the heavy metals in the environment found responsible for brought up significant changes in the nature, structure and composition of the plant communities, plant growth and even involved in the extinction of some plant species to some extent from the universe. In present study, the toxicity test was performed to record the effects of lead and zinc on seed germination and plant growth and biomass production performance of yellow flame [Peltophorum pterocarpum (Dc) K Heyne] invitro studies. The treatment of different concentrations of Pb and Zn at 100-900 ppm showed variable effects on rate of seed germination percentage and seedling growth of yellow flame as compared to control. Lead and zinc treatment at 100 ppm produced significant (p<0.05) effect on root growth of P. pterocarpum. The lead treatment at 500 ppm showed maximum rate of seed germination percentage and root elongation of P. pterocarpum. Zn treatment at 500 ppm showed lowest and at 700 ppm showed maximum rate of seed germination of P. pterocarpum. Lead and zinc treatment at all level did not produce any significant effect on shoot, seedling growth and seedling dry weight of P. pterocarpum. It was concluded that the order of inhibitory effects of metals on germination and growth performance for P. pterocarpum were recorded in order of Pb>Zn. 

[Ashufta Rafat, Muhammad Zafar Iqbal and Muhammad Shafiq. The Toxicity Effects of Lead and Zinc on Seed Germination and Plant Growth of Common Leguminous Yellow Flame Roadside Tree species Peltophorum pterocarpum (Dc.) Baker ex Heyne. N Y Sci J 2022;15(10):5-10] ISSN 1554-0200(print);ISSN 2375-723X (online) http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 02. doi:10.7537/marsnys151022.02.

Keywords: Heavy metals, phytotoxicity, germination, seedling dry weight,

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The phytotoxic impact of lead and zinc induced changes in seed germination and seedling growth of Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. multipurpose wooden furniture, street avenue tree in a vitro study

¹Ashufta Rafat MSc, ¹Muhammad Zafar Iqbal Ph.D. and ^1*Muhammad Shafiq Ph.D.

Department of Botany, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan

¹Corresponding author: ^1*shafiqeco@yahoo.com

Abstract: Pollution by heavy metals in the environment results due to various types of anthropogenic, industrial, mining, automobile activities and its impact on living organisms is a worldwide problem. Among the heavy metals, lead and zinc are released in environment from automobile activities. Lead and zinc are heavy metals and in excess concentration disturb morphological, physiological function, rate of seed germination percentage, seedling growth, biomass production in different plant growth. The researchers suggested that increase in concentration of heavy metal responsible for toxic effects on plant growth. Dalbergia sissoo (Roxb.) is multiple purpose tree growing under stressful polluted environment along different busy roads side of Karachi, city (Pakistan). The seeds of D. sissoo were collected from the Karachi University campus (clan area) and highly automobile polluted site of Karachi city (Hassan Square) and treated to test the toxicity and tolerance limit to heavy metals using different level of Lead and Zinc in in vitro studies. In present study the treatment of two different types of heavy metals lead (Pb) and Zinc (Zn) showed variable effects on the rate of seed germination percentage and seedling growth characteristics and seedling dry weight of D. sissoo as compared to control. The lead and zinc treatment at all level on seed of D. sissoo city areas showed  higher percentage of rate of seed germination percentage. Zinc is micro nutrient and in excess level produce negative effects on plant growth of D. sissoo. Root length of campus seed seedlings was higher in Zn treatment whereas, seeds from city area showed significantly lowest root length in Pb treatment at 90 ppm. The shoot length was found higher in campus and city area seedlings in both treatments. There was no significant difference in dry weight between city and campus seedlings but city seedlings showed higher dry weight in Pb treatment. Percent metal tolerance was higher in city seedlings treated with Zn but in Pb treatment campus seedlings showed higher percent metal tolerance.

[Ashufta Rafat MSc, Muhammad Zafar Iqbal Ph.D. and Muhammad Shafiq Ph.D. The phytotoxic impact of lead and zinc induced changes in seed germination and seedling growth of  Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. multipurpose wooden furniture, street avenue tree in a vitro study. N Y Sci J 2022;15(10):11-16] ISSN 1554-0200(print);ISSN 2375-723X (online) http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 03. doi:10.7537/marsnys151022.03.

Key words: heartwood tree; heavy metals; phytotoxicity; tolerance index; toxicity; urban areas.

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The Mediating Effect of Social Undermining on the Relationship between Organizational Justice and Organizational Silence (The Case Study: Tax Organization of Fars Province)

Roya Khayer Zahed^*

Ph.D Candidate in Business Management, University of Isfahan, Iran (corresponding author)

Email: r.khayer@yahoo.com; Phone number: +989171056583

Abstract: Nowadays, everybody knows human capital is the most important asset of every organization. In this study, considering the mediating effect of social undermining, the association of organizational justice and organizational silence is evaluated. The research data has been collected through questionnaires from 56 employees of Tax organization in Fars province. Data analysis was performed using structural equation modeling (SEM). The findings show that there is a significant negative correlation between level of organizational justice and organizational silence. Also, social undermining plays a mediating role in the relationship between organizational justice and organizational silence.

[Roya Khayer Zahed. The Mediating Effect of Social Undermining on the Relationship between Organizational Justice and Organizational Silence (The Case Study: Tax Organization of Fars Province). N Y Sci J 2022;15(10):17-24] ISSN 1554-0200(print); ISSN 2375-723X (online) http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork.

04. doi:10.7537/marsnys151022.04

Key words: Social Undermining, Organizational Justice, Organizational silence

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Study of Obstacles Utilize TDABC in Ardabil-Iran Producing Industries

Jamal Bahri Sales[1]

Department of Accounting, Urmia Branch, Islamic Azad University, Urmia, Iran

Saeed Alipour

Accounting PhD student

Corresponding Author (bahrisls.j@gmail.com)

Abstract: Notice to factor of planning and determine purposes of organization with of notice to factor of costing in practice is impossible. Access to organization`s planning and purposes and process’s isn`t alone organization’s productivity revenue. Time – driven activity based costing system is a process of costing for allocation resources of organization right to products and services. Purpose of this research is study of obstacles utilize TDABC in Ardabil producing industries For financial annual 2014. Data were collected intermediation LIKERT SCALE questionnaire. Research hypotheses were test by t-test for rejection or confirmation Friedman test for ranking. Results indicated that don`t existence cultural in management is obstacle for settlement this system. And other hypotheses , don`t know what new technique , don`t time study for produces, don`t suitable data system , to come down payment right of productivity didn’t were confirmation .

[Jamal Bahri Sales. Study of Obstacles Utilize TDABC in Ardabil-Iran Producing Industries. N Y Sci J 2022;15(10):25-38] ISSN 1554-0200(print);ISSN 2375-723X (online) http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork.

05. doi:10.7537/marsnys151022.05.

Keyword: Activity Based Costing, Time – driven activity based costing, time study, productivity, new technique costing

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BANK EFFICIENCY DETERMINANT: EVIDENCE FROM THE GULF COOPERATION COUNCIL COUNTRIES

Anwar Al-Gasaymeh

Assistant Professor, Skyline University, Sharjah, UAE

Corresponding author email: gasaymeh@yahoo.com; anwar.gasaymeh@skylineuniversity.ac.ae

Abstract. Using data from 2007 to 2014, we investigate the effects of inflation, unemployment rate and GDP per capita growth on bank efficiency for the Gulf Cooperation Council countries in an unbalanced panel consisting of 75 banks and 415 observations. Applying stochastic frontier estimation procedures, we compute cost efficiency taking account of both time and country effects directly. In second-stage regressions, we use the efficiency measures to investigate the influence of country risk variables and concentration ratio applying Generalized Method of Moments technique with respect to the impact of political risk, credit ratings and debt in default. The finding suggests that banks in countries with low country risk, and low concentration tend to perform more efficiently. Furthermore, a negative but insignificant relationship between total assets and bank efficiency reflects the fact that larger banks in developing countries suffer from diseconomies of scale.

[Anwar Al-Gasaymeh. BANK EFFICIENCY DETERMINANT: EVIDENCE FROM THE GULF COOPERATION COUNCIL COUNTRIES. N Y Sci J 2022;15(10):39-51] ISSN 1554-0200(print);ISSN 2375-723X (online) http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 06. doi:10.7537/marsnys151022.06.

Keywords: Efficiency; country risk, SFA, GMM, GCC

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An Empirical Model to Explain the Effects of Electronic Customer Relationship Management on Customer E-Satisfaction and E-Loyalty: Evidence from Iranian Service Shopping Websites

Mohammad safari¹, Mehrdad Forouzandeh², Noosha Safahani³

1. Ph.D. and Senior Lecture, Faculty of Management, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

2. MSc Student in EMBA Marketing, Farabi College, University of Tehran, Iran

3. MSc Student in Entrepreneurship E-Business, University of Tehran, Iran

Abstract

One of the most influential services provided in recent years, which have brought dramatic changes in the social system of different countries, are Internet and Web services. The desire to survive in a competitive environment has forced organizations to turn to solutions for gaining satisfaction and loyalty of customers and stakeholders. Extensive application of web technologies provides an opportunity for businesses to use internet as a tool for electronic customer relationship management. The objective of the present study was to analyze the effect of electronic customer relationship management (e-CRM) on customer e-satisfaction and e-loyalty of Mosalase-Rang shopping website (mosalaserang.com). Therefore, a sample of 300 users was randomly selected according to the formula of structural equation with the required volume. Data were collected using questionnaires. In addition, SPSS 18 and AMOS 20 programs were used for data analysis and hypotheses testing. The results of the study showed that e-CRM has a positive and significant effect on e-satisfaction and e-loyalty.

[Mohammad safari, Mehrdad Forouzandeh, Noosha Safahani. An Empirical Model to Explain the Effects of Electronic Customer Relationship Management on Customer E-Satisfaction and E-Loyalty: Evidence from Iranian Service Shopping Websites. N Y Sci J 2022;15(10):52-59] ISSN 1554-0200(print);ISSN 2375-723X (online) http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 07. doi:10.7537/marsnys151022.07.

Keywords: Customer relationship management, e-CRM, customer e-satisfaction, customer e-loyalty, Relationship Marketing

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“Transvaginal Ultrasound Measurement of Cervical Length versus Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate Level as Predictors of Successful Induction of Labor in Post-term Pregnancy.”

Reham Saeed Mohamed*, Hanaa Abdel-Monem Younis*, Dina Ismael Fouad**

*Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology and **Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.

Corresponding Author: Dr. Reham Saeed Mohamed Ali.

Address: 48 Abdel-Hay Hegazy St, 8^th District, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt.

Telephone: +2 (02) 0100 677 5070

Email: Rehamclinic2010@yahoo.com

Abstract: Background: The postterm pregnancy occurs in 4-14% of pregnancies with an average about 10%. Successful induction of labor in such cases is reported to be related to the Bishop score and cervical length (CL). Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate (DHEAS) is a measurable biochemical marker of cervical maturation. It increases prostaglandin E2 synthesis and binds to type collagen fibrils; therefore, plays a role in matrix assembly to collagen and cervix maturation. This study was done to test the relationship between intrapartum endogenous DHEAS levels and clinical measures of cervical maturation as well as the success of labor induction in postterm pregnancies. Patients and Methods: This prospective longitudinal study was conducted on 60 multigravidas with prolonged pregnancy. All patients had vaginal examination to assess the Bishop score, transvaginal ultrasound for assessment of cervical length (CL) and measurement of serum DHEAS by Radioimmunoassay before being subjected to a common induction protocol for labor. Results: In our study cervical length ≤33mm and Bishop score ≤5.5 was associated with successful vaginal delivery with a sensitivity of 92.9% for both, specificity of 95.7% for CL (39.1%for Bishop score), positive predictive value of 86.7% for CL (31.7%for Bishop score), negative predictive value of 97.8%for CL(94.7%for Bishop score) and accuracy 95% for CL(51.7%for Bishop score)in the prediction of successful labor induction. Maternal serum DHEAS level more than 8.5 mcg/ml was associated with successful vaginal delivery showed a sensitivity of 92.9%, specificity of 89.1%, positive predictive value of 72.2% and negative predictive value of 97.6% in the prediction of successful labor induction. DHEAS concentration showed significant positive correlation with Bishop Score in all studied cases (p=0.035) as higher DHEAS levels are associated with higher Bishop scores.  DHEAS concentration showed significant negative correlations with cervical length in all studied cases (p<0.001), all successful induction (p=0.001) and all failed induction cases (p=0.022). DHEAS concentration showed significant negative correlations with dose of oxytocin in all studied cases (p=0.005), total successful induction (p<0.001)and good responders(p<0.001).  Conclusion: Increased DHEAS plasma level leading to more softening and ripening of the cervix leading to increased Bishop score and decrease cervical length so decrease required doses of oxytocin to succeed the induction. So the pre-induction level of DHEAS influence the outcome of an induction attempts.

[Reham Saeed Mohamed, Hanaa Abdel-Monem Younis, Dina Ismael Fouad. “Transvaginal Ultrasound Measurement of Cervical Length versus Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate Level as Predictors of Successful Induction of Labor in Post-term Pregnancy.” N Y Sci J 2022;15(10):60-72] ISSN 1554-0200(print);ISSN 2375-723X (online) http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 08. doi:10.7537/marsnys151022.08.

Key Words: Postterm pregnancy, induction of labor, Bishop score, cervical length, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate.

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Study of Principles Governing On Public Procurement 

Tahmineh Rahmani[1] ,Nader Mirzadeh Koohshahi[2]

^a Ph.D. Student of Public Law, Department of Public & International Law, College of Law and Political Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

^b Visiting Professor, Department of Public and International Law, College of Law and Political Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

(1-Ph.D. Candidate of Public Law, Department of Public & International Law, College of Law and Political Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran, tinrahmani@yahoo.com.

-Assistant Professor, Department of Public Law, College of Law and Political Science, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran, mirzade@ut.ac.ir).

Abstract: Public procurement constitutes an important part of the economic activities of Iran and EU.  In Iran, to combat corruption، to create equal opportunities for all suppliers of goods and services, to obtain goods and services with good quality and price and to achieve transparency in government procurement, the Expediency Council approved the new Tender Act in early 2005. This legislation is particularly significant for replacing tens of various regulations, which were applicable in different government bodies. In this article, the principles and objectives of the Tender Act will compared with the principles of public procurement in EU.

[Tahmineh Rahmani[3] ,Nader Mirzadeh Koohshahi.Study of Principles Governing On Public Procurement. N Y Sci J 2022;15(10):73-85] ISSN 1554-0200(print);ISSN 2375-723X (online) http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 09.

doi:10.7537/marsnys151022.09.

Keywords: Public Procurement, Transparency, Efficiency, Fairness

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