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Survey of Glossina and other biting flies in Assosa and Bambasi districts of Benishangul Gumuz Region, Western Ethiopia

Birhanu Eticha¹_, Mussie H/Melekot², Yechale Teshome²

¹Benishangul Gumuz region bureau of agriculture and natural resource, e-mail: brihanueticha12@gmail.com; P.O. Box 30, Assosa, Ethiopia

² Bahir Dar University, College of agriculture and environmental sciences, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia

Abstract: A cross-sectional entomological survey was carried out from November 2018 to March 2019 with the objective to estimate seasonal apparent density of Glossina and other biting flies in Assosa and Bambasi districts of Benishangul Gumuz region. Seasonal entomological survey result revealed that only one species of Glossina (Glossina morsitans submorsitans) and three genera of other biting flies (Stomoxys, Tabanus and Haematopota) were captured and identified. The apparent density of Glossina was 0.31 fly per trap per day in the late rainy season and 0.13 fly per trap per day in the dry season, with statistically significant difference (P<0.05) while the apparent density of other biting flies were 4.66 fly per trap per day in the late rainy season and 1.5 fly per trap per day in the dry season with statistically significant difference (P<0.05). Seasonal entomological survey findings revealed that the presence of Glossina in any number is an important risk factor for the occurrence of animal trypanososmosis in Assosa and Bambasi districts of Benishangul Gumuz region; hence designing participatory and integrated control measures including regular surveillance, community based vector prevention and control should be implemented to mitigate the problem.[Birhanu Eticha_, Mussie H/Melekot, Yechale Teshome. Survey of Glossina and other biting flies in Assosa and Bambasi districts of Benishangul Gumuz Region, Western Ethiopia. N Y Sci J 2022;15(8):1-10] ISSN 1554-0200(print); ISSN 2375-723X (online) http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 01. doi:10.7537/marsnys150822.01.

Keywords: Benishangul Gumuz, Glossina morsitans submorsitans, other biting flies, Season

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KNOWLEDGE AND PRACTICE OF SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT AMONG HOUSEHOLDS IN OBUDU LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, CROSS RIVER STATE, NIGERIA

Simon Alain Inah¹, Cyril Lishilinimye Atabusi¹, Chinasa Orie Agwu Amadi², Richard Owen Obinna², Alexis Ebikonbowei Okaba³, Darlington Egbe Egbonyi⁴

¹ Department of Public Health, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria

² Department of Public Health, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria

³ Department of Biological Sciences, University of Africa, Toru Orua Sagbama, Bayelsa, Nigeria

⁴ Department of Environmental Resource Management, University of Calabar, Calabar

Corresponding author: pharmalain2006@gmail.com or inahsa@unical.edu.ng

Running title: Practice of Solid Waste Management among Households 

ABSTRACT: This study was aimed at determining the knowledge and practice of solid waste management among households in Obudu, Cross River State, Nigeria. A descriptive cross-sectional study design was used. The multi-stage sampling procedure was used to randomly select 390 respondents from 390 households for the study. A semi-structured questionnaire which was self-administered and interviewer-administered was given to the respondents. SPSS (version 20.0) was used to analyse the data. The results were interpreted and presented in simple percentages and tables. Types of household waste generated were mainly farmyard waste 314 (80.5%), polythene bag 278 (71.3%) and metals 89 (22.8%) with main sources from agricultural waste 333 (85.4%) and food processing waste 289 (74.1%). Household waste storage method was mainly in plastic bucket 180 (46.2%) and only 96 (24.6%) confirmed the availability of household waste bin. Most respondents 206 (52.8%) indicated that refuse dump/open dumpsites were their main place for disposal of household wastes. Environmental challenges associated with improper household solid waste management as indicated include; emission of offensive odour 337 (86.4%), pollution 256 (65.6%) and flood 121 (31.0%). As indicated, common diseases associated with improper household solid waste management as indicated were mostly malaria 303 (77.7%) and cholera 114 (29.2%). Environmental health officers should be involved in monitoring residential premises to ensure proper storage and frequent disposal of solid waste at the appropriate sites.

[Simon Alain Inah, Cyril Lishilinimye Atabusi, Chinasa Orie Agwu Amadi, Richard Owen Obinna, Alexis Ebikonbowei Okaba, Darlington Egbe Egbonyi. KNOWLEDGE AND PRACTICE OF SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT AMONG HOUSEHOLDS IN OBUDU LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, CROSS RIVER STATE, NIGERIA. N Y Sci J 2022;15(8):11-22] ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online) http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 02. doi:10.7537/marsnys150822.02.

Keywords: Knowledge, Practice, Solid Waste, Waste Management, Household

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Comparison of Pond Water Qualities as it affects the Growth of Fishes in Ede, Osun State, Nigeria

*M. O. Amoo, T. E. Aremu, T. F. Oyewusi, A.M Oke, M. A. Oguntunji

¹ Department of Agricultural Engineering, Adeleke University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria

amaomonsuru@gmail.com   

Abstract: The physicochemical characteristics of water samples collected from selected ponds in Osun-State were conducted using standard analytical techniques. This study examined the physicochemical parameters of fish pond water to determine the effect of pond description on fish water after disposal. The results obtained obtained from concrete pond and metallic pond were as follows;BOD36.45±0.02–720.25±0.05mg/L,and TDS 18.45±0.01–34.05±2.01mg/L, pH 6.55±0.02–7.55±0.05 UpH, turbidity 49.45±0.02-135.45±0.05 NTU, and hardeness 19.50±0.12–22.50±1.45mg/L. The results varied from one pond to another depending on the residence time of the samples and the nature of the pond characteristics on fish pond. All properties were within the established limit for effluent disposal except Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and Total dissolved solids(TDS).

[Amoo, T. E. Aremu, T. F. Oyewusi, A.M Oke, M. A. Oguntunji. Comparison of Pond Water Qualities as it affects the Growth of Fishes in Ede, Osun State, Nigeria. N Y Sci J 2022;15(8):23-29]ISSN 1554-0200(print);ISSN2375-723X(online) http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 03. doi:10.7537/marsnys150822.03.

Keywords: Water quality; Freshwater; Physico-chemical parameters; Fish pond; Desirable limit

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Parameters Related to Importance of Irrigation in State of Haryana (India)

Dr. Kiran

Former Research Scholar, Department of Geography, SunRise University, Alwar, Rajasthan (India)

Email: rnehra39@gmail.com

Abstract: Agriculture is the major activity in the state of Haryana and large volume of water is required to meet the irrigation demands of the crops grown. But, there is limited water availability in the state. Haryana receives water from Yamuna River and Bhakra system. Sowmelt, rainfall and groundwater are main sources of water in the catchment. It is essential to integrate the manmade canal system with hydrological system. This paper focuses on integrated hydrological modeling framework to conceptualize the system and to assess the Water Resources of the state. Snowmelt and Rainfall runoff modeling using GR4JSG model were combined to model the inflows to the irrigation system of Haryana. Irrigator canal model of eWater Source has been used to generate water demands from crops grown. The water balance and water use efficiency have been worked out for each district of Haryana. The hydro climate input data, stream flows, crop data and soil data have been used in the study. The flows modeled at Tuini (P), Yashwant Nagar, Bausan, Haripur, Poanta and HKB sites were compared with the observed flows. The objective function of NSE Daily and log Flow duration was used for model calibration and validation at various locations up to Mathura, the outlet of the study area. The value of the objective function at Mathura was 0.54, a fairly good value. The results of the Irrigator canal model have shown that all the Inflows, Outflows and the Utilizations of water have been properly balanced for each district. The water use efficiency of districts varies from 27% to 59%. The overall water use efficiency for Haryana canal system has been calculated as 39%. This is low value indicating excess water is being extracted to meet the water demands.

[Kiran. Parameters Related to Importance of Irrigation in State of Haryana (India). N Y Sci J 2022;15(8):30-34] ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online) http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 04.

doi:10.7537/marsnys150822.04.

Keywords: Irrigation, Importance, Future Prospective, India

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Prevalence of HIV 1 & 2 antibodies among pregnant Women in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria

Okonko Iheanyi Omezuruike, Orlu Victory, Innocent-Adiele Hope Chioma

Virus Research Unit, Department of Microbiology, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria.

ABSTRACT: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a cause of significant morbidity and mortality across the World. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of HIV in pregnant women in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria. A hospital-based cross-sectional survey was adopted to randomly analyze 180 pregnant women attending antenatal clinics at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital (UPTH) in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) was used to assess HIV-1 & 2 antibodies in the samples obtained, and Chi-square analysis to determine the infection's association with socio-demographic factors. Of the 180 pregnant women, 9 (5.0%) were seropositive, while 171 of the pregnant women (95.0%) were seronegative. Regarding age, all the age groups except 20-29 years were reactive. Higher HIV 1& 2 Antibodies occurred in the age group 40-49 years (7.7%) compared to the age group 30-39 years (7.1%). No singles were seropositive, while 5.1% of the married women tested seropositive to HIV 1&2 Antibodies. A higher prevalence of HIV 1& 2 antibodies occurred among pregnant women with secondary education (21.1%) than those with tertiary education (3.1%). A higher prevalence of HIV 1& 2 antibodies occurred among pregnant women who were artisans (20.0%), followed by business executives (12.5%), traders (8.9%) and unemployed (7.1%). Zero prevalence occurred for civil servants and students. Only Christians (5.5%) were seropositive to HIV 1&2 Antibodies. A higher prevalence of HIV was observed in pregnant women in their second trimester (7.3%) compared to those in their first trimester (5.0%) and third trimester (2.9%). Higher prevalence of HIV 1&2 Antibodies was observed in pregnant women in 1-2 parity (6.5%) compared to nulliparous (4.4%), 3-4 parity (3.1%) and parity of 5 and above (0.0%). A higher HIV prevalence occurred among pregnant women with a history of abortion (5.3%) than those without such a history (4.8%). Pregnant women with a history of STDs had a higher prevalence of HIV 1&2 Antibodies (50.0%) than those without a history (4.5%). The prevalence rate of HIV in this study is low. Thus, there is still a need for adequate counselling and education about HIV and AIDS and mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV. Conclusively, this study has contributed to the information on the burden of HIV infection among pregnant women in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria. Therefore, this study's findings have revealed the need to investigate further the prevalence of HIV and AIDS among children previously considered low risk and factors affecting HIV prevention and control in different geographical regions in Nigeria.

[Okonko Iheanyi Omezuruike, Orlu Victory, Innocent-Adiele Hope Chioma. Prevalence of HIV 1 & 2 antibodies among pregnant Women in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria. N Y Sci J 2022;15(8):35-41] ISSN 1554-0200(print); ISSN 2375-723X (online) http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 05. doi:10.7537/marsnys150822.05.

Keywords: HIV, pregnant women, prevalence, Nigeria

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GANGADHARA RAO IRLAPATI

who made researches on the Artificial rains

Gangadhara Rao Irlapati

C. H.No.5-30-4/1,Saibabanagar,Jeedimetla,,Hyderabad,India-500055

Email: gangadha19582058@gmail.com

C c Google pay A/C No.+91 9989239159

Abstract: There is a need to do researches on some things which are unsolved in science. Artificial rains are one of them. I tried to my best to create artificial rains in modern methods. I proposed and designed the artificial rains with a new scientific methodology through this it is possible to create artificial rains and also keeping them under our control and pour rains in required rainfed and drought areas and also I tried to conduct researches but uncompleted due to lack of support and opportunities. I call on world scientists to do researches that create artificial rains. The researches and studies done by me on the artificial rains can be useful and inspiring for future generations. So, scientists can study the researches, studies and published works I have done thoroughly and go up with solutions to solve the issue.

[Gangadhara Rao Irlapati. GANGADHARA RAO IRLAPATI who made researches on the Artificial rains. N Y Sci J 2022;15(8):42-244] ISSN 1554-0200(print);ISSN 2375-723X (online) http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork.

06. doi:10.7537/marsnys150822.06.

Key words: Bioforecast(1965-70), Irlapatism-A New Hypothetical Model of Cosmology (1970-77), Geoscope (1980-87), Basics of Monsoon Time Scales (1987-91), North American Monsoon Time Scale (1991), North African Monsoon Time Scale (1991), Indian Monsoon Time Scale (1991), East Asian Monsoon Time Scale (1991), Western North Pacific Monsoon Time Scale (1991), South African Monsoon Time Scale (1991), South African Monsoon Time Scale (1991), Australian Monsoon Time Scale (1991), Numerical Weather Periodic Tables ( 1991-2000 ), National Geoscope projects (2000-10), Global Monsoon Time Scales (2010-22)

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