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Seropositivity of Hepatitis B Virus Among Intending Male Blood Donors in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria

Adewuyi SA, Frank-Peterside N, Otokunefor K, Abeni BA, Cookey TI, Okonko IO

Virus Research Unit, Department of Microbiology, University of Port Harcourt, East-West Road, P.M.B. 5323, Choba, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria;

E-mail: iheanyi.okonko@uniport.edu.ng; Tel: +2348035380891

Abstract: The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of HBV among intending male blood donors in some Hospitals (private and government) in Port Harcourt Town, Rivers state. A total of 182 blood sera were screened for the presence of antibodies to HBV using Monolisa HBsAg ULTRA Enzyme Immunoassay (EIA) technique. Blood donors were evaluated for the presence of Anti- HBsAg and the effect of some demographic factors on the prevalence. The overall seroprevalence of HBV was 34.6%, with a seronegativity of 65.4%. There was a significant relationship (p <0.05) between the seroprevalence of the overall HBV with respect to education (p-0.025). A sum of 66.7% of HBV positive was among the donors within the age group of 31-40 years old (p=0.176). University graduates were the group with the highest HBV prevalence of 36.5%. A percentage of 81% HBV positive were donors with low skill occupation and a non-significant association (p-0.129). Family donors had the highest prevalence of HBV (50%). No significant association found (p- 0.943). There was a relatively low outcome of voluntary donors (3.8%) compared to family (48.9%) and paid donor (47.3%) that were of close range. The seroprevalence of HBV in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria was high. This shows that HBV still remains a threat to safe blood transfusion and public health in Nigeria.

[Adewuyi SA, Frank-Peterside N, Otokunefor K, Abeni BA, Cookey TI, Okonko IO. Seropositivity of Hepatitis B Virus Among Intending Male Blood Donors in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria. N Y Sci J 2019;12(11):1-6]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 1. doi:10.7537/marsnys121119.01.

Keywords: Seropositivity, Hepatitis B Virus, Blood Donors, Nigeria

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Extraction Wound Healing in Diabetic Patients in the Saudi Population

Mohammed Al-Ghamdi¹, Dr. Basem T Jamal², Razan Baabdullah³, Lina Mengari⁴

¹BDS, MSc (OMFS & Anesthesia), FRCD (C), Assistant Professor Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdul Aziz University, P.O. Box 20805, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

²ABOMS, Associate Professor Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdul Aziz University, P.O. Box 20805, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

³BDS, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdul Aziz University, P.O. Box 20805, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

⁴BDS, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdul Aziz University, P.O. Box 20805, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

myalghamdi@kau.edu.sa, bjamal@kau.edu.sa, rmsbaabdullah@kau.edu.sa, Lina.mengari@gmail.com

Abstract: Objectives: There is scarcity of data, in the literature, about wound healing of extraction socket in diabetic patients. This study aims at assessing wound healing and associated complications following exodontia and their relation to random blood glucose level and/or smoking in diabetic and non-diabetic patients in the Saudi population. Subjects and Methods: This prospective cross sectional study was based on 40 diabetic and 77 non-diabetic control patients, attending oral surgery clinics in King Abdulaziz University Dental Hospital, Jeddah. Wound healing of extraction sockets was assessed one-week postoperatively. Descriptive and bivariate statistics were computed at P-value 0.05. Results: Twenty-seven patients (29.3%) were diabetic and 65 patients non-diabetic while 25 patients were excluded. Females constituted the majority67%, with a mean age of 39.5. Among ten smokers, four were diabetics, none had delayed healing events. Seven female patients non-diabetic patients had delayed healing beyond one week. No statistically significant difference were found between age, gender, blood glucose and smoking and wound healing. Conclusion: Although all of the events of delayed healing occurred in the non-diabetic control group, the difference was not statistically significant (p =0.076). The association between smoking and diabetes in regard to delayed healing was not statistically significant (p =0.106).

[Mohammed Al-Ghamdi, Dr. Basem T Jamal, Razan Baabdullah, Lina Mengar. Extraction Wound Healing in Diabetic Patients in the Saudi Population. N Y Sci J 2019;12(11):7-12]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 2. doi:10.7537/marsnys121119.02.

Keywords: Post extraction wound, wound healing, diabetics, oral wounds and diabetes, extraction wounds and diabetes

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Effect of Some Treatments such as Wrapping with Polyethylene, Aluminum Foil, and Cold Storage Temperature on Keeping Quality and Storability of Sewey Date palm Fruits.

Farouk H. Abdelaziz¹; Foada A. Emad² and Shaimaa G. Mahraan

¹Hort Dept. Fac. of Agric. Minai Univ. Egypt

² Date Plam Center Lab, ARC, Giza, Egypt

faroukabdelaziz2001@yahoo.com

Abstract: This study was done during two successive seasons 2017 and 2018 to discover the effect of wrapping polypolymer bags and aluminum foil sheets on the shelf life and keeping quality of Sewey date palm fruits under cold storage temperature at 5°C and 90% RH using different layers from both materials polypolymer bags and aluminum foil sheets, results in both seasons revealed that storing date palm fruits upto eleven months with fairly good quality including: fruit weight, volume. Fruit dimensions, bulb weight, TSS and total acidity in both seasons, this results were assured significantly in both the experimental seasons, under the condition of this experiment we recommend using one layer from both materials.

[Farouk H. Abdelaziz; Foada A. Emad and Shaimaa G. Mahraan. Effect of Some Treatments such as Wrapping with Polyethylene, Aluminum Foil, and Cold Storage Temperature on Keeping Quality and Storability of Sewey Date palm Fruits. N Y Sci J 2019;12(11):13-17]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 3. doi:10.7537/marsnys121119.03.

Keywords: Polypolymer, aluminum sheets, cold storage and Sewey date palm fruits

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Standard Economic Analysis to Study the Most Important Factors Affecting the Egyptian Agricultural Production

Dr. Ehab Moreed Sharabin 

Agricultural Economics Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Egypt

Email: Dr.ehab19712012@yahoo.com

Abstract: This research aims to study the most important factors affecting the Egyptian agricultural production for the period 1982-2018 through the use of traditional and modern approaches. To achieve the objectives of the study the method of multiple regression analysis has been used in the traditional way, and the use of econometric analysis by estimating the cointegration model in the modern way. The research considers the variables affecting the agricultural production; crop area, labor, agricultural investments and agricultural exports and imports. The study indicates that, in the absence of stationarity in time series, the regression obtained between the variables of the time series to estimate the most important factors affecting the value of the Egyptian agricultural production in the multiple regression (traditional) method was spurious regression. The study also confirms that there is a long-run equilibrium relationship between the Egyptian agriculture production and the independent variables of the study. The pace of adjustment in the short run to achieve long-run equilibrium is 50.64% per year which means that agricultural production requires about 2 years for absorbing the changes. It confirms that there is a long-run causal relationship between the independent variables and the dependent variable in its logarithmic form.

[Ehab Moreed Sharabin. Standard Economic Analysis to Study the Most Important Factors Affecting the Egyptian Agricultural Production. N Y Sci J 2019;12(11):18-34]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 4. doi:10.7537/marsnys121119.04.

Keywords: Unit Root Test, stationary, integration, Lags Length test, Vector Error Correction Model, causality, Spurious Regression

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Radioactivity and mineralogy of microgranite dykes and stream sediments of Ras Abda Area, northern Eastern Desert, Egypt.

Fatma S. Ramadan¹, Ali A. Omran², Hesham A. El-Nahas²,Ehab K. Abu Zeid², Mohamed Hassan^2,*

¹ Geology Dept., Fac. Sci., Zagazig Univ., P.O. Box: 44511 Zagazig, Egypt.

² Nuclear Materials Authority; P.O. Box: 530 El-Maadi, Cairo, Egypt.

*Correspondence: geo.mohamedhassan86@gmail.com

Authors’ Emails: Fatma_r@yahoo.com, A_Omran@yahoo.com, Hesham_nahas@yahoo.com, Ehab_zeid@yahoo.com, geo.mohamedhassan86@gmail.com

Abstract: Ras Abda Area is located in the north part of the Eastern desert, and is characterized by a rugged topography and high relief. The main exposed rock units in the area comprise older granites, younger gabbros and younger granites as well as several types of post granite dykes as rhyolite and bascic dykes in addition to microgranite dykes. Radiometric measurements indicated that the microgranite samples are characterized by anomalous concentrations of the radioelements where eU varies from 29 to 820 ppm, with an average 267 ppm, and eTh ranges between 143 to 5730 ppm with an average 1010.2 ppm. The ratio eTh/eU fluctuates between natural (3.3 & 3.6) and high ratios (4.33 to 10.7) with a general average about 5.6 (higher than the world average of 3.5) indicating that the rocks originated from radio elements-bearing magma and may be subjected to epigenetic processes of leachability and migration of uranium. The selected samples of stream sediments (10 samples) show low levels of radioactivity where eU ranges from 4.0 to 7ppm with an average 5.3ppm, and eTh ranges from 6.0 to 18.0 ppm with an average 10.65ppm. The eTh/eU ratio ranges from 1.2 to 3.6 where the sample distal from the microgranite dykes characterized by the highest ratio (3.6) while those close to the dykes have the lower ratios. Generally, the average eTh/eU ratio (about 2.08) is lower than the world ratio (3.5) indicating that uranium may be enriched from an adjacent source may be the microgranite dykes. The calculated factors of equilibrium (P and D) indicated disequilibrium state for both samples types (microgranite and stream sediments) referring to incomplete U-decay series. Mineralogical studies revealed that the heavy minerals could be classified into: a) radioactive minerals comprising uranophane, kasolite, sklodowskite, thorite and uranothorite, and b) radioelements-bearing minerals comprising columbite, fergusonite, samarskite, pyrochlore, allanite, monazite, zircon and fluorite. The heavy minerals are mostly concentrated upstream rather than downstream; meandering portion of the stream may act as natural traps for the heavy minerals.

[Fatma S. Ramadan, Ali A. Omran, Hesham A. El-Nahas, Ehab K. Abu Zeid, Mohamed Hassan. Radioactivity and mineralogy of microgranite dykes and stream sediments of Ras Abda Area, northern Eastern Desert, Egypt. N Y Sci J 2019;12(11):35-46]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 5. doi:10.7537/marsnys121119.05.

Key words: Ras Abda; North Eastern Desert; Egypt; microgranite; radioactivity; mineralogy.

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Microbiological pollution and heavy metals in two freshwater turtles from Garmat Ali- canal in Basrah City/ Southern Iraq

Ghazi M. Al-Maliki

Department of Marine Biology, Marine Science Center, University of Basrah, Iraq

Corresponding author E mail: ghazialmaliki@yahoo.com

Abstract: The aim from this study for determine the microbiological pollution and some heavy metals (Fe, Cu, Zn and Pb) levels in two freshwater turtles species (Mauremys c. caspica (Gmelin 1774), and Rafetus (Trionyx) euphraticus (Daudin 1802)) were collected from Garmat Ali- canal. Samples of two freshwater Turtles were collected during summer season of the year 2017, were examined. Total- plate techniques were used for microbial pollution while heavy metal concentrations in two turtles species were determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). Total bacteria count had the highest number of bacteria in M. c. caspica with 29.60 x 10⁵ cfu/ml. the total plate count had the highest bacteria number in the R. euphraticus – 19.26 x 10⁵ cfu/ml ranged. bacterial pathogens isolated include: E. coli, Pseudomonas spp., Vibrio spp., and Staphylococcus spp. Microbial species were characterized based on morphological and biochemical tests.

M. c. caspica Turtle had iron concentration of 21.52±0.031 mg/kg while R. euphraticus Turtle had iron concentration of 34.69±0.152 mg/kg. M. c. caspica and R. euphraticus had copper concentrations of 0.87±0.034 and 0.92±0.057 mg/kg respectively. M. c. caspica had a lead concentration of 0.06±0.041 mg/kg while R. euphraticus had a lead concentration of 0.09±0.064 mg/kg.

 [Ghazi M. Al-Maliki. Microbiological pollution and heavy metals in two freshwater turtles from Garmat Ali- canal in Basrah City/ Southern Iraq. N Y Sci J 2019;12(11):47-51]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 6. doi:10.7537/marsnys121119.06.

Key words: Microbiological pollution, heavy metals, E. coli, bacterial pathogens, Mauremys c. caspica turtles

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The Management and Response of Government to Flood Disaster and Policy Measurements in Pakistan

Naeem Ahmed Junejo ¹, Meetha Ram ², Mola Bux ³, Bakhtawar Nizamani ⁴

^1. School of Social Development and Public Policy, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China. junejonaeemahmed@gmail.com

^2. Department of Sociology, College of Humanities & Social Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China

^3. Department of Comparative Education Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China

^4. Department of Sociology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Sindh Jamshoro, Pakistan

Abstract: Historically Pakistan has witnessed several major flood disasters affecting approximately 40 million people, a drought affecting 3 million people and major earthquakes in 2005 and 2008 affecting 7 million people. After the earthquake of 2005 National Disaster Management Commission (NDMC) Pakistan came into existence. NDMC was constituted through an ordinance. The main objective of establishing of this national disaster management of authority is to reduce risks and vulnerabilities of the poor and marginalized groups and recovering them from, disaster impact. This NEW policy replaced old Disaster management Organization working in the country since 1973. This document therefore evaluates the old disaster policy and new disaster policy in the country. This document also appraises the “The management and response of Government to Flood Disaster in Pakistan”. In Pakistan the government has been made the all policies belongs flood disaster and management, the institution are placed from national level to district level, but there are some week points like as, lack of coordination between line departments, management do not respond to the public in emergency situation, lack of awareness, lack of capacity, no skilled employees in the government flood related departments, lack of funds/donors, flaws in policy needs to update, political influence/ lack of political spirit. In this regard government should must be take initiatives to improve the above mentioned week points, seriously and immediate basis, there are some recommendation about policy brief like as defined. Policy needs to be redesigned especially at the district level in entire Pakistan, to organize the awareness programs or workshops at community level in most vulnerable areas, improvement in coordination of line departments, NDMA department must be took an active part at the root level. Further the study will provide the policy guide line for different local NGOs, CBOs, Community organization INGOs, social welfare department, and relevant stakeholders for flood management.

[Junejo NA, Ram M, Bux M, Nizamani B. The Management and Response of Government to Flood Disaster and Policy Measurements in Pakistan. N Y Sci J 2019;12(11):52-58]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 7. doi:10.7537/marsnys121119.07.

Keywords: Flood, Disaster, Disaster Management, Government, NGO

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Efficacy of Manual Hyperinflation with Expiratory Rib Cage Compression on Weaning From Mechanical Ventilation

Abeer Farghaly¹, Samah M. Ismail¹, Mahmoud Salem² and Neama El-Sheikh ³.

¹Assistant Professor of Physical Therapy for Cardiovascular Respiratory Disorders and Geriatrics, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt

²Lecture of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Management, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt

³Demonstratorof Physical Therapy for Cardiovascular Respiratory Disorders and Geriatrics, Faculty Of Physical Therapy, Badr University In Cairo, Egypt

Email: dr_neama.mahmoud2020@yahoo.com

Abstract: Background: The major goal in critical care is to wean patients from mechanical ventilation as early as possible to avoid the complications and risks associated with prolonged unnecessary mechanical ventilation, including ventilator associated pneumonia, increased length of ICU, hospital stay, mortality rate and increased cost of care delivery. Objective: To find out the effect of manual hyperinflation with expiratory rib cage compression on weaning from mechanical ventilation. Methodology: study was carried out in the period starting from October 2018 till June 2019, on forty patients (both sexes) who were selected from Cairo university hospital (intensive care unit), all patient were randomly assigned to two equal groups (group A (control group) receiving traditional chest physiotherapy only, group B (study group) receiving manual hyperinflation with expiratory rib cage compression and traditional chest physiotherapy), their ages was ranged from (50-70) years, treatment was applied (30 minute) once per day for five days for each group of treatment. The Outcome Measures: Glasgow coma scale (GCS), Arterial blood gases (ABG), Rapid shallow breathing index (RSBI) and Murray score were measured before and after treatment. Result: The results of this study revealed that there were statistically significant changes in patients of study group in comparison to which of patients in control group in (GCS, ABG and Murray score) but non-significant changes in RSBI. Conclusion: Manual hyperinflation with expiratory rib cage compression when added to traditional chest physiotherapy enhance the clinical outcome in mechanically ventilated patients but not enough to affect weaning from mechanical ventilation.

[Abeer Farghaly, Samah M. Ismail, Mahmoud Salemand Neama El-Sheikh. Efficacy of Manual Hyperinflation with Expiratory Rib Cage Compression on Weaning From Mechanical Ventilation. N Y Sci J 2019;12(11):59-67]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 8. doi:10.7537/marsnys121119.08.

Keywords: Manual hyperinflation, Expiratory rib cage compression, Mechanical ventilation, Traditional chest physiotherapy.

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Altitude wise variation in soil carbon stock in Western Himalaya

Param Prakash Singh* and Y.S. Rawat

Department of Botany, DSB Campus, Kumaun University, Nainital, 263002, Uttarakhand, India

email: paramprakash.singh09@gmail.com

Abstract: Soil plays a major role in regulating the world’s carbon budget. Even small changes in the magnitude of soil respiration could have a major effect on the concentration of CO₂ in the atmosphere. The present paper deals with the changes in soil carbon status across an altitudinal gradient in Western Himalaya. The study sites were located in outer Himalaya between 29^o 25’ N to 29^o 24’ N; 79^o 25’ E to 79^o 20’ E in Nainital district, in the Kumaun division of Uttarakhand state in India. The sites were categorized viz., High altitude site (1800-2100m elevation) in Quercus leucotrichophora forest, mid altitude site (1000-1400m elevation) in Pinus roxburghii mixed broad leaf forest and Low altitude site (350-500m elevation) in Shorea robusta forest. Significant variation across different sites and depths were observed (significance at 0.1% level of probability). The results of the present study are similar to the values reported for different central Himalayan forests.

[Param Prakash Singh and Y.S. Rawat. Altitude wise variation in soil carbon stock in Western Himalaya. N Y Sci J 2019;12(11):68-74]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 9. doi:10.7537/marsnys121119.09.

Key words: Soils; carbon; altitudinal; Uttarakhand; significant; Himalayan

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Creative thinking in terms of innovative development, based on Vygotsky theory

Muminova Dinara Ramizullaevna

Researcher, UDC – 1174

Dior707@yahoo.com

Abstract: In the age of information technology, it is very important to develop creative thinking in every way. This article explores the importance of imagination, the ways of its development in preschool aged kids. Studied the basic theories of Vygotsky, regarding children's imagination. On the basis of that theories, made proposals on the development of children's creative thinking in the conditions of innovative development.

[Muminova Dinara Ramizullaevna. Creative thinking in terms of innovative development, based on Vygotsky theory. N Y Sci J 2019;12(11):75-77]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 10. doi:10.7537/marsnys121119.10.

Keywords: creative thinking, Vygotskiy, innovative development, imagination, thinking.

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Role of multi–slice CT in evaluation of cystic lung diseases

Dr. Zozo Sabry Mohammed Elsaeed¹, Prof. Dr. Nadia Abd El Sater Metwally², Assist. Prof. Dr. Gihan Hasan Gamal³

¹M.B.B.CH Faculty of Medicine for Girls Al-Azhar University, Cairo Egypt

² Professor of Radiodiagnosis, Faculty of Medicine (for girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt

³ Assistance Professor of Radiodiagnosis, Faculty of Medicine, 6^th October University, Egypt

shehada_lover@hotmail.com

Abstract: Objective: This study aims to evaluate role of MDCT in evaluation of cystic lung diseases. Patients and Methods: This Prospective study involved 20 patients which presented by different chest manifestations as cough, expectoration, chest pain and dyspnea with pulmonary cysts and some of patients were accidentally discovered pulmonary cysts. The patients were referred to MDCT in the radiology department in Al Zahra university hospital from the chest department and clinics. The study will be conducted for a period of one year from August 2018 to October 2019 after getting approval from the ethical committee of the institute. Informed consent from all patients was taken before inclusion in the study. Results: MDCT showed that 15 (75%) of cases have multiple cysts and 2 (10%) of cases have single cyst. 17 (85%) of cases showed with air containing cysts and 3 (15%) of cases showed air and fluid containing cysts. Conclusion: MDCT is currently the imaging modality of choice in diagnosis of different cystic lung lesions, being superior to chest radiography in demonstrating the presence and extent of lung abnormalities.

[Zozo Sabry Mohammed Elsaeed, Nadia Abd El Sater Metwally, Assist. Gihan Hasan Gamal. Role of multi–slice CT in evaluation of cystic lung diseases. N Y Sci J 2019;12(11):78-85]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 11. doi:10.7537/marsnys121119.11.

Keywords: Multi detector Computed Tomography (MDCT), Lung Cyst

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