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Rate of G6PD deficiency in male population: A comparison between two methods

Umme-Hani¹, Zumar Hafeez¹, Muzammal Mateen Azhar², Aamer Mahmood Qazi² and Nida Baig²

^1.  Dow Institute of Medical Technology, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan

^2.  Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Lahore, Lahore Pakistan

Corresponding author: mateen0092009@gmail.com

Abstract: Background: To compare two methods (formazan ring method and dye decolorization method) of G6PD screening and to determine the prevalence rate of G6PD deficiency in male children aged 0 to 7 years admitted in ward or outpatient department in Pediatric Hospital of Karachi, Pakistan. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is one of the most frequent and commonest X-linked red cell enzymopthyies, hemizygous males and homozygous females are the ones that are mainly affected. Deficient subjects become symptomatic when there is oxidative stress induced by infection, drugs etc Approximately 400 million people carry the defective gene globally, and the recent meta-analysis reported prevalence of 4.5%. Various local population based studies have shown that G6PD deficiency is not a rarity in Pakistan, reporting prevalence of 2 to 3.8% with highest frequency of 8.6% observed in Pathans. Material and Methods: Hospital based cross-sectional study conducted at National Institute of Child Health, from August’ 2014 to November’ 2014. 100 samples were collected with a clinical history of jaundice, clinical and biochemical history of anemia. The recruited subjects were screened using a commercially available kit based on Dye Decolorization method which is a qualitative visual colorimetric assay. The frequency of G6PD deficiency was determined using SPSS 16.0. Results: Out of hundred males screened, 9 (9%) were found to be G6PD deficient. The mean age was 3.6 years and mean hemoglobin was 6.8 mg/dL. Of the 9 screened positive 5 were clinical jaundiced and 7 were both clinical and biochemically anemic. Conclusions: This study like others provide evidence to believe that G6PD deficiency is not a rarity in Pakistan. 9% of prevalence reported in this study, emphasizes on the need to conduct epidemiological studies to determine the carrier rate, whether we need to screen all our neonates and to find out which screening and confirmatory test is cost-effective to be adapted in our setup as a part of screening program.

[Umme-Hani, Zumar Hafeez, Muzammal Mateen Azhar, Aamer Mahmood Qazi and Nida Bai. Rate of G6PD deficiency in male population: A comparison between two methods. N Y Sci J 2019;12(3):1-3]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 1. doi:10.7537/marsnys120319.01.

Keywords: Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, X-linked red cell, hemizygous, oxidative stress, anemic

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Check references dealing with the rights of children and young people in Iran’s Law

Riaz Sangournezhad

Department of law, Faculty of Humanities, Persian Gulf International Branch, Islamic Azad university, khorramshahr, iran

Abstract: The preliminary investigation and the trial proceedings distinct from the adult in charge of them is common. Juvenile justice in the criminal justice system has been developed in a manner divorced. Juvenile proceedings are said to be coherent set of rules, which in crime detection, prosecution, investigation and prosecution should first contact arrangements for children and adolescents with law enforcement and judicial authorities in terms of committing acts against the law to consider He is charged with end in order to meet the lofty goal of maintaining the best interests of children and young people, be respected. We explored and with this analysis of the provisions of the Code of Criminal Procedure of Iran, will demonstrate that the legislator has predicted special rules in hearing children, but the purpose is not guaranteed.

[Riaz Sangournezhad. Check references dealing with the rights of children and young people in Iran’s Law. N Y Sci J 2019;12(3):4-7]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 2. doi:10.7537/marsnys120319.02.

Keywords: Juvenile justice, juvenile court, prosecution and preliminary investigation, to expedite the proceedings, proceedings

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Size-specific feeding habits, diet overlaps and feeding strategies of the reticulate knife fish, Papyrocranus afer Gunther, 1868 from a freshwater tropical lagoon in southwestern Nigeria

*F. V. Oluwale¹ and Ugwumba², A. A. A.

^{1, 2} Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria

*Corresponding author Email: wale_femi@yahoo.com

Phone Number: +234-8062563636

Abstract: The reticulate Knife fish, Papyrocranus afer, is becoming important in fisheries because the juveniles are used as ornamentals. This study describes diet, diet overlap and feeding strategists of (juvenile (≤21.9cm), sub-adults (22 – 33.9cm) and adults (≥40.0cm) P. afer inhabiting Lekki Lagoon. Stomach contents analysis of stomach revealed P. afer exhibited dietary shift from predominantly micro-crustacean feeding in juveniles through insectivorous sub-adults and polyphagous feeding in adults. Schoener’s indices of diets overlap between parallel size-classes (adult-sub-adult; juvenile-sub-adult) were biologically significant (>60%); indicating that these size classes exploit similar resources. The Amundsen plots showed thst P. afer exhibited specialist feeding on decapods crustacean and insects at juvenile and sub-adult stages respectively. Adults were generalists’ feeders on insects, zooplankton, gastropods and fishes. The dietary items for Papyrocranus afer showed carnivorous and predatory habits for the species. This carnivorous habit implied that P. afer may require high protein diet during culture.

[F. V. Oluwale and Ugwumba, A. A. A. Size-specific feeding habits, diet overlaps and feeding strategies of the reticulate knife fish, Papyrocranus afer Gunther, 1868 from a freshwater tropical lagoon in southwestern Nigeria. N Y Sci J 2019;12(3):8-20]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 3. doi:10.7537/marsnys120319.03.

Keyword: Papyrocranus afer, feeding habits, feeding strategy, Lekki Lagoon

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A Prospective Study of Brain Natriuretic Peptide as a Marker for Prediction of Severity in Patients with Sepsis

Prof. Dr. Mohamed Anwar Elshafie, Dr Ihab Hamed Abdulsalam, Dr Hanaa Mohamed Abdallah El Gendy, Ahmed Ibrahim Yousef Elsherif*

Anesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain Management Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University

E-mail: Ahmedelsherif@hotmail.co.uk

Abstract: Background: Sepsis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in intensive care units (ICU) worldwide. The incidence of sepsis is increasing and it is as high as the incidence of myocardial infarctions. The mortality rate has been reported at 20 to 50 per cent, most of which are attributed to cardiovascular collapse. Several studies have been performed to identify biomarkers for use in the early identification of patients at risk. Objectives: This study was done to estimate and evaluate the plasma levels of BNP in patients with sepsis and to study the association of BNP levels with severity of disease progression and prognosis of those patients. Patients and Methods: This prospective cohort study was conducted on 30 patients admitted to intensive care unit at October 6 university hospital in the period from June 2018 to January 2019 with diagnosis of sepsis. Results: There was significant decrease in serum sodium in those who did not survive. Serum lactate and CRP were significantly high in those who did not survive. As regard BNP, it was significantly higher in the non-survivor group, Also it correlated with prolonged length of stay in ICU, progressing to septic shock and need of mechanical ventilation. Conclusion: Laboratory and clinical medicine groups should actively collaborate and optimize their individual expertise to potentially prove standardized biomarkers assays that will optimize patient care.

[Mohamed Anwar Elshafie, Ihab Hamed Abdulsalam, Hanaa Mohamed Abdallah El Gendy, Ahmed Ibrahim Yousef Elsherif. A Prospective Study of Brain Natriuretic Peptide as a Marker for Prediction of Severity in Patients with Sepsis. N Y Sci J 2019;12(3):21-26]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 4. doi:10.7537/marsnys120319.04.

Keywords: Brain Natriuretic Peptide, Sepsis

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Effect of Vitamin D₃ vs. Atorvastatin on the progress of Streptozotocin-induced diabetic peripheral neuropathy in rats

Eman El-Sayed El-Metaher, Sabiha Hedya MD, Fleur Fathy MD and Waleed Barakat MD

Pharmacology department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Egypt

eman.elmohamady@med.tanta.edu.eg

Abstract: Background: Diabetic sensorimotor peripheral neuropathy (DSPN) is a common health problem that is a lifelong disease that affects quality of life. It is a chronic microvascular diabetic complication. The exact cause is not entirely understood. There are many medical therapies, however they have several drawbacks. The aim of the study: to evaluate the possible anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-apoptotic effects of vitamin D₃ & atorvastatin each alone or combined in prevention of STZ induced-DSPN in albino rats. Methods: This experiment was performed on 50 male albino rats divided into 5 equal groups; ( group 1) control group, (group 2) untreated STZ induced-DSPN group, (group 3) vitamin D3 treated, (group 4) Atorvastatin treated, (group 5) vitamin D3 & Atorvastatin treated. At the end of the experiment, serum glucose, CPK-MM, sciatic nerve MDA, catalase activity, NGF & IL-6 were assessed as well as histopathological examination and immunohistochemistry for Caspase-3 activity. Results: the untreated group showed significant increase in serum glucose, MDA, IL-6 & Caspase-3 and significant decrease in catalase activity & NGF, treatment with either vitamin D₃ or atorvastatin produce significant improvement in the most parameters when compared to untreated group, also their combination produces significant improvement in all parameters & produce better response than each drug alone. Conclusion: These findings suggest that each of vitamin D₃ and atorvastatin produce promising effects in prevention of STZ induced-DSPN, also combination of vitamin D₃ and atorvastatin exhibited additional effects superior to each monotherapy. It could be recommended to verify these results in further clinical studies.

[Eman El-Sayed El-Metaher, Sabiha Hedya, Fleur Fathy and Waleed Barakat. Effect of Vitamin D₃ vs. Atorvastatin on the progress of Streptozotocin-induced diabetic peripheral neuropathy in rats. N Y Sci J 2019;12(3):27-35]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 5. doi:10.7537/marsnys120319.05.

Keywords: DSPN, STZ, Vitamin D3, Atorvastatin

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Immunological And Haematological Responses In Children Who Received Measles Vaccine In Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria.

Barisisia Maxwell Barine^{1 & 2*} and Ogbonnaya Ogbu¹

¹Department of Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki Ebonyi State, Nigeria.

²Emadavistic Medical & Research Laboratories, Osaks House, Along East-West Road, Port Harcourt, Rivers State.

¹barimax4u@yahoo.com;

Abstract: Immunological and haematological studies were carried out among children within 10 months to 13 years of age who received measles virus vaccine in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria. A total of 172 blood samples were collected and analyzed for anti-measles virus IgM and IgG using commercial ELISA kit [Dia. Pro Diagnostics Bioprobes Srl, Swsto San Giovanni (MI) Italy]. Differential analysis was done on each sample to ascertain the Leucocyte cell counts. The results were interpreted according to the manufacturer’s instruction. The data was analyzed using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) Version 21. Of the total number of 172 samples analyzed for anti-measles virus IgM and IgG antibodies, 12 (6.9 %) and 28 (16.3 %) had detectable IgM and IgG respectively. In relation to the age, for anti-measles virus IgM, age group 4 – 6 years had the highest occurrence of 6 (15.80 %), followed by age group 10-12 years with detectable anti- measles virus IgM of 2 (11.0 %). Age group 1-3 years had the least detectable IgM antibodies of 2(2.3 %). For anti-measles virus IgG, age group <1 year had the highest level of detectable anti- measles virus IgG of 3 (27.0 %), followed by age group 4 – 6 years with the prevalence of 9 (23.7 %)?? while age group 1 – 3 years had the least prevalence of 10(11.2 %). In relation to sex for IgM, female children had a higher detectable anti- measles virus IgM of 8(10.1 %) than male children who had IgM of 4(4.3 %). The opposite was the case for detectable anti-measles virus IgG in relation to sex. Male children had a detectable anti- measles virus IgG of 12(12.9 %) and female children had 16 (20.3 %). There were no significant difference at (p<0.05) between the differential leucocyte cell counts of children who tested positive for measles virus antibodies and those who were negative. The investigation established very low level of IgM and IgG among children who were immunized against measles virus infection. This reason may be that some batches of the vaccine used were not potent or that most of the children who claimed to have been vaccinated were not.

[Barisisia Maxwell Barineand Ogbonnaya Ogb. Immunological And Haematological Responses In Children Who Received Measles Vaccine In Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria. N Y Sci J 2019;12(3):36-44]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 6. doi:10.7537/marsnys120319.06.

Keywords: Prevalence, Measles, Immunological, Heamatological, Vaccination

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An Economic Study On Shrimp Farming, Land Utilization Pattern And Farmer’s Perception In Coastal Belt In Bangladesh

Shuraya TASNOOVA¹ and Tomoyuki YUTAKA²

¹Faculty of Business Administration, Japan University of Economics,

Tokyo Shibuya Campus, 24-5 Sakuragaoka Town, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 150-0031, Japan

²Dept of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University,

1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890 0065, Japan.

Abstract: Bangladesh is a Southeast Asian deltaic country highly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change, particularly sea-level rise and changes in runoff water. The coastal areas of the country are more vulnerable to a growing risk of pollution, floods, storm surges, wetland loss etc. The present study was carried out in the coastal areas of the Khulna region (Division) of Bangladesh. From 1990s commercial shrimp farming started in the coastal areas of the country and has become a valuable cash crop with earning of foreign currency through export. The shrimp farming industry has both positive and negative impacts on the coastal community. Due to salinity increase the agricultural crop production has reduced or destroyed in some places. Five hundred Household data were collected 13th sub-districts (Koyra, Dumuria, Fakirhat, Piakgacha, Mollahat, Satkira, Ashamuni, Dephata, Shamnager, fultola, Chitolmari, kaligong, Dakop) of Khulna, Berghat and Satkira districts in Khulna division in Bangladesh during July 2010 to December 2010 purposively. Farmer’s perception and attitude on shrimp farming impacts in these regions were considered. In some cases, the small agricultural crop land owners were forced to lease their land to the influential shrimp farmers to construct big shrimp farms. Two species of shrimps are generally farmed: the giant freshwater shrimp, locally known as golda chingri (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) and the brackish and marine water species, the tiger shrimp, locally known as bagda chingri (Penaeus monodon). In the coastal areas the tiger shrimps are mostly farmed. The farming practice ranges from traditional to semi-intensive systems. Before the start of the shrimp farming the coastal lands were used only for agricultural crop farming, mainly rice and vegetables. In subsequent years they farmed shrimp in one season and agricultural crops in the other season, or shrimp and rice together. But over the decades the soil in the coastal shrimp farming areas has degraded due to saline water intrusion and the farmers’ choices on agricultural crop farming has been reduced. The research findings indicate that the adoption of shrimp farming in the coastal belt of the Khulna region of Bangladesh has changed the cropping and land utilization patterns. Shrimp farming has become a profitable enterprise for most of the local people and improved their livelihood. Many interrelated enterprises have been established and employment opportunities created.

[Shuraya TASNOOVA and Tomoyuki YUTAKA. An Economic Study On Shrimp Farming, Land Utilization Pattern And Farmer’s Perception In Coastal Belt In Bangladesh. N Y Sci J 2019;12(3):45-55]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 7. doi:10.7537/marsnys120319.07.

Key words: Land utilization, Cropping pattern, Shrimp, Farming system

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Subsurface Investigation Of Landslide Using Electrical Resistivity And Self Potential Methods In Oke-Igbo, Southwestern Nigeria.

Akinlabi I. A., Akinrimisi O. E, Fabunmi M. A.

Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences. Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, P.M.B. 4000, Ogbomoso, Nigeria.

Abstract: Electrical resistivity and self-potential profiling were conducted at the location of a landslide in Oke-Igbo, southwestern Nigeria. The event occurred when the slope became unstable and failed after a heavy rainfall on 3^rd November, 2013. The aim was to investigate the possible causes of the landslide. The surveys were conducted along four (4) traverses 30 m apart across the landslide axis and one (1) traverse along it. Station spacing and electrode spacing were 10 m while the expansion factor for the resistivity profiling was 5 m. The 2D resistivity models show relatively low resistivity zones indicating weak zones suspected to be loose/water-saturated soils and discontinuities in rocks such as water-filled fractures. The positions of the negative SP anomalies obtained from the SP profiling correlate with those on resistivity models in which areas with high water content and groundwater flow are characterized by low resistivity. The landslide was caused by a combination of the heavy rainfall and the existing weak zones. The electrical resistivity and self-potential profiling are invaluable tools for providing subsurface information in landslide investigation.

[Akinlabi I. A., Akinrimisi O. E, Fabunmi M. A. Subsurface Investigation Of Landslide Using Electrical Resistivity And Self Potential Methods In Oke-Igbo, Southwestern Nigeria. N Y Sci J 2019;12(3):56-63]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 8. doi:10.7537/marsnys120319.08.

Keywords: Slope stability, Groundwater flow, Low resistivity zones, Negative SP anomalies

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Evaluation Of Electrical Anisotropy Within Ladoke Akintola University Of Technology Campus Ogbomoso, Southwestern Nigeria.

Akinlabi I. A. and Onifade A. A.

Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences. Ladoke Akintola

University of Technology, P.M.B. 4000, Ogbomoso, Nigeria.

Abstract: Radial Vertical Electrical Soundings (RVES) were carried out within Ladoke Akintola University of Technology campus, Ogbomoso, Southwestern Nigeria (which is part of Ogbomoso Sheet 222) in order to evaluate the electrical anisotropy of the concealed basement complex rock (s) and its implication on the groundwater potential of the area. The study area is underlain by porphyritic gneiss. Sixteen RVES stations were occupied and four Vertical Electrical Soundings conducted at azimuths of 0⁰, 45⁰, 90⁰ and 135⁰ at each station using the Schlumberger electrode array with maximum current electrode spread of 100m. The field data were interpreted by partial curve matching and computer iteration. Resistivity maps were constructed and coefficients of anisotropy were determined. The interpretation of the VES data revealed three main geoelectric units namely: the topsoil, regolith, weathered/fresh bedrock. The basement complex rocks beneath the study area are anisotropic. The anisotropy is caused mainly by foliation. The inferred structural trends were along NE-SW, NW-SE, E-W and N-S. The coefficient of anisotropy varies from 1.05 to 1.45 with a mean value of 1.21. The low bedrock resistivity observed beneath RVES 14 indicates high groundwater potential. Radial Vertical Electrical Sounding is effective for determining the strikes of foliation of concealed basement rocks in which foliation is predominant. The results of radial electrical sounding could aid geologic mapping in areas where the basement rocks are concealed.

[Akinlabi I. A. and Onifade A. A. Evaluation Of Electrical Anisotropy Within Ladoke Akintola University Of Technology Campus Ogbomoso, Southwestern Nigeria. N Y Sci J 2019;12(3):64-73]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 9. doi:10.7537/marsnys120319.09.

Keywords: Evaluation; Electrical Anisotropy; Ladoke Akintola University; Technology; Southwestern Nigeria

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TIMI Risk Index (TRI) as a Predictor of Angiographic No-reflow Phenomenon after Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Patients with STEMI

Metwally H. Elemary, MD; Eman S. Elkeshk, MD; Fathy M. swailem, MD; Mohammed S. Abd Elhafeez, M.Sc.

Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University

Mohammedsoliman861@yahoo.com

Background/aim: The thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) risk score, global registry of acute coronary events (GRACE) risk score (GRS) and the TIMI risk index (TRI) have been reported in acute coronary artery disease patients. We investigated whether admission TRI is associated with no-reflow (NRF) Phenomenon, in-hospital major adverse cardiac events (MACE) and in-hospital mortality in patients underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention (P-PCI). Materials and methods: ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients treated with p-PCI were included in the study. TRI was calculated on admission using specified variables. All patients were subjected to informed consent, detailed history taking, clinical evaluation, ECG analysis and coronary risk factor assessment. Additionally, Killip class examinations of all patients were recorded. We defined the angiographic NRF phenomenon as a coronary TIMI flow grade of ≤ 2 after the vessel was recanalized or a TIMI flow grade of 3 together with a final myocardial blush grade (MBG) of <2 in a manner as described in previous studies. Results: A total of 319 patients who underwent p-PCI were enrolled in the study. In terms of age, NRF patients were older than reflow patients. Killip class III-IV designations were more common in NRF patients. TRI values were significantly greater in the NRF group. TRI was an independent predictor of NRF. Conclusion: TRI significantly related to no-reflow and in-hospital MACE and in-hospital mortality. TRI uses simple and inexpensive methods for evaluating patients with STEMI. In addition, high TRI may be helpful in identifying high risk patients and determining appropriate treatment strategies.

[Metwally H. Elemary, MD; Eman S. Elkeshk, MD; Fathy M. swailem, MD; Mohammed S. Abd Elhafeez, M.Sc. TIMI Risk Index (TRI) as a Predictor of Angiographic No-reflow Phenomenon after Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Patients with STEMI. N Y Sci J 2019;12(3):74-81]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 10. doi:10.7537/marsnys120319.10.

Keywords: Global registry of acute coronary events (GRACE) risk score (GRS), TIMI risk index (TRI), Acute myocardial infarction, No-reflow (NRF), percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)

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Analysis of Sino-Pak Bilateral Trade Fluctuations: Based on Gravity Model of Trade

Sham Sunder, Kuanqi Du, Mehreen Aslam

School of Economics and Management, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Jiangsu, China.

sham.kessani@njust.edu.cn, kqddkq@126.com, aslam90@gmail.com

Abstract: SINO-PAK enjoys a cordial relationship and friendly relationship over the years. Bilateral trade could further strengthen the Pak-China relationship with the help of China-Pak Free Trade Agreement (CPFTA) signed in November 2006 and effect from July 2007, initiated a new dimension in the promotion of trade between two countries. The panel data set dealing with the period 2003-2017 will be evaluated in this paper. Gravity model used for the analysis of data which is a typically used tool for the evaluation of bilateral trade activities and also showed to be useful in describing bilateral trade of Pakistan with China and with all Free Trade Agreement (FTA)-partner nations by higher values of R-Square. The outcomes showed that GDP, trade openness in each country, WTO and the shared border nations positively influenced on bilateral trade of Pakistan with all FTA-partner countries, while distance and inflation revealed a negative relation towards trade volume. It additionally specified that the overall (Preferential Trade Agreements) PTAs impact on Pakistan’s bilateral trade along with its (FTA) partner nations is strongly significant and negative. We have also estimated enormous Pakistan’s trade potential just in case of China. Pakistan’s industrial sectors, as well as exporters, must take on new steps to increase and maximize the exports to China and to generate sensible equality in the bilateral trading relationship.

[Sham Sunder, Kuanqi Du, Mehreen Aslam. Analysis of Sino-Pak Bilateral Trade Fluctuations: Based on Gravity Model of Trade. N Y Sci J 2019;12(3):82-90]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 11. doi:10.7537/marsnys120319.11.

Keywords: SINO-PAK, Bilateral Trade, Gravity Model, FTA, Trade Potential

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Effect of Levels of Equisetin and Fumonisin mycotoxins on Blood Parameters of Broiler Chicks

^*G.O. Tayo¹, B. Ajayi¹, A.O. Olarinmoye^{1, 2}, C. Ezekiel³, E.A. Taiwo¹, O.O. Babalola¹, C.C. Nwangburuka¹, L. Denton¹, G.O. Chioma¹, and K.O. Oyekale¹

¹Department of Agriculture, Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria

² King Saud University, Saudi Arabia

³Department of Microbiology, Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria

Corresponding author’s email: queenesther789@gmail.com

Abstract: This study was carried out to assess the effect of equisetin and fumonisin mycotoxins on the blood parameters of broiler chicks. A total of 280 day old broiler chicks (Abor Acre) were acquired from a commercial hatchery in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria for this study. The chicks were randomly assigned to 7 treatments combinations in a completely randomized design. Treatment A had equisetin mycotoxin in three levels of concentration (25, 50 and 100%), treatment B had fumonisin also with three levels of concentration (25, 50 and 100%) while treatment C was the control. Each treatment concentration was replicated twice and the mycotoxin was administered at 20 birds per replicate. One milliliter sterile syringes were used per treatment to inject 0.1 mL solution of the 2 toxins intravenously through the wing web of the broiler chicks on days 8, 10, 12 and 14. On day 15, 5 mL sterile syringes were used to collect 4 mL of blood samples from the birds for haematological and biochemical analysis. Data collected were subjected to analysis of variance and treatment means were separated using Duncan multiple range test. With the exception of white blood cell count (WBC) and platelet (PLT), all other parameters measured for haematological studies showed no significant variation. This could mean that the broiler chicks had slow response to the toxin effect. However, the higher WBC value (89.44-98.73 µL) in birds administered mycotoxin, with the exception of A50, relative to the control (85.47 µL) indicates the presence of toxin in the birds’ blood stream. Results obtained on serum biochemical analyses showed a significant variation (P<0.05) on all the parameters measured. The ALT (4.10-8.30 IU/L) and AST (46.90-123.30 mg/dL values obtained from experimental chicks were significantly higher than that of the control (2.50 IU L^-1, 38.10 mg dL^-1. Chicks exposed to A50 mycotoxin concentration had the highest creatinine value which an indication of kidney impairment. It is concluded that the exposure of broiler birds to mycotoxin has a negative effect on blood parameters and the functionality of internal organs of the birds. Feed ingredients should, therefore, be properly dried and stored under conducive condition to prevent mold growth and feed quality control measures should be established at feed mills.

[G.O. Tayo, B.Ajayi, A.O. Olarinmoye, C. Ezekiel, E.A. Taiwo, O.O. Babalola, C.C. Nwangburuka, L. Denton, G.O. Chioma, and K.O. Oyekal. Effect of Levels of Equisetin and Fumonisin mycotoxins on Blood Parameters of Broiler Chicks. N Y Sci J 2019;12(3):91-96]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 12. doi:10.7537/marsnys120319.12.

Keywords: Biochemical analysis, broiler chicks, equisetin, fumonisin, haematology, mycotoxins

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