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Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials in Children with Sensorineural Hearing Loss

Gehan Abdel-Rahman El- Zarea, Ahmed M.A. Mahmoud, Soha Mohamed Hamada and Mohamed Mahmoud Saleh

ENT Department, Audiology unit, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Egypt

drsalehaudio@gmail.com

Abstract: Background: Epidemiological studies have shown that 1 in 1000 children are born with or present in early childhood with severe or profound hearing impairment (Mueller et al., 1999). More lose their hearing later during childhood. The lack of auditory input from environmental sounds and speech during early childhood interferes with the normal development of the auditory system and prohibits the development of speech and language abilities. Objective: To assess saccular function in children with SNHL through testing cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potentials. Patient and Methods: Control group: They were taken from relatives of patients attending the Audiology unit, Hearing and speech institute. Twenty children (40 ears) aged from 10 up to 18 years (typically developing) with normal hearing sensitivities (age and gender matched with the patient group) were recruited. Their hearing threshold level < 25dB nHL with no history of any general diseases were selected. Patient group: This is a descriptive cross sectional study of 25 children aged from 10 up to 18 years (paediatrics and adolescents) with SNHL presented to Audiology unit, Hearing and speech institute from December 2015 to November 2016. Exclusion criteria:- conductive hearing loss, otitis media, ear drum perforations or any complaints of vertigo or dizziness. A written consent was taken from all the parents of children included in this study. Methods: All patients and controls were evaluated as regards the following:-Full history taking (prenatal, neonatal, postnatal to detect the cause of hearing loss), Otological examination, audiometric examination to detect the level of hearing using pure tone audiometer model Interacoustics AC40 in a sound treated room model Amplisilence E. The hearing loss was divided according to PTA average of Goodman,1965. Speech audiometry to detect Speech Reception Threshold and Word Discrimination score. Immitancemetry was performed using immitancemeter model Interacoustics AZ26 with a probe tone 220Hz. Acoustic reflexes were done on 500, 1000, 2000 and 4000 Hz ipsilaterally. Vestibular evoked myogenic potential was performed using AUDERA of Grason-Stadler (GSI). Results: Our research confirmed the assumption that VEMPs could be recorded despite the presence of severe degrees of SNHL. SNHL does not affect VEMP P13 and N23 latency values. P13 and N23 latencies were not correlated with the degree of SNHL. VEMP P13 and N23 latencies were not correlated with age in children with SNHL. Conclusion: Our research confirmed the assumption that VEMPs could be recorded despite the presence of severe degrees of SNHL. SNHL is not associated with saccular dysfunction in the pediatric population. Recommendations: Further research on the genes causing SNHL and its relation to VEMP findings are worth undertaking. Including VEMP testing in the battery of investigations for CI candidates is suggested.

[Gehan Abdel-Rahman El- Zarea, Ahmed M.A. Mahmoud, Soha Mohamed Hamada and Mohamed Mahmoud Saleh. Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials in Children with Sensorineural Hearing Loss. N Y Sci J 2017;10(8):1-11]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 1. doi:10.7537/marsnys100817.01.

Keywords: Vestibular evoked myogenic potential, sensorineural hearing loss

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The effect of systemic isotretinoin dose on dry eye parameters in patients treated from acne vulgaris

Talal A. Abd El-Raheem, M.D.¹, Marwa Nassar, M.D.¹, Omar M. Sayed, M.D.², Safaa S. Gouda, M.B.B.Ch ²

¹Dermatology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Egypt

²Ophthalmology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Egypt

diabmmm@yahoo.com

Abstract: Purpose: To assess the effect of systemic isotretinoin dose on dry eye parameters in patients treated from acne vulgaris. Patient and Methods: Forty patients with different types of acnevulgaris treated with a dose 0.5mg/kg/day or 1mg/kg/day according to severity and response to treatment for six months. Ophthalmological assessment was done before treatment, 3 months and 6 months of treatment, and this included: tear break uptime, schirmer test, corneal fluorescein staining. Results: Our study revealed statistically significant affection of dry eye parameters (pvalue<0.05). Conclusion: There is a strong association between isotretinoin therapy and the development of obvious ocular side effects in the form of dry eye disease that can be controlled with careful follow up, but still safe with minimal difference in side effects between high and low doses.

[Talal A. Abd El-Raheem, Marwa Nassar, Omar M. Sayed, Safaa S. Gouda. The effect of systemic isotretinoin dose on dry eye parameters in patients treated from acne vulgaris. N Y Sci J 2017;10(8):12-14]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 2. doi:10.7537/marsnys100817.02.

Keywords: Acne vulgaris; Isotretinoin; dry eye

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Role of Diffusion‐weighted MR Imaging in the evaluation of ovarian tumors

Prof. Dr. Mohammed Farouk Aggag, Dr. Ahmed Mohammed Abou Elfotouh, Ahmed Diab Abdelrahman Abdullah

Radiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt

Abdelrahmanhaha@hotmail.com

Abstract: Introduction: Ovarian cancer is the fifth leading cause of death among women after (lung, breast, colorectal, and pancreatic cancers) and has a high likelihood of recurrence despite aggressive treatment strategies. It is considered the second most common gynecologic malignancy (after cervical Cancer). Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is one of the evolving imaging technologies. It carries the potential to improve tissue characterization when findings are interpreted together with conventional MR imaging sequences. DWI has been widely used in neuroimaging for a number of years. Its application in abdominal and pelvic imaging has been limited by motion and susceptibility artifacts. However, the development of new imaging techniques, high gradient amplitudes and phased-array surface coils allowed much faster data acquisition with fewer artifacts, leading to significant improvement in the quality of image in body applications. Experimental Methods: This study included 20 patients with ovarian tumors. Examined by 1.5 T MRI using both conventional sequences as well as DWI and ADC map. Correlation with histo-pathological results was done. Results: Addition of DWI to the conventional MR images did not improve the sensitivity, but increased the specificity, PPV, NPV, accuracy from78.6%, 62.5, 91.7% and 80% to 85.7%, 71.4%, 92.3% and 85%. Conclusion: The combination of DWI to conventional MRI implies: (1) Using a completely noninvasive technique with no radiation exposure. (2) DWI might be an alternative for contrast administration especially for those were contrast intake is better avoided as during pregnancy. (3) It improves the specificity and accuracy of MRI and thus increasing the radiologist’s confidence in image interpretation which will finally reflect on the patients’ outcome and prognosis.

[Ahmed Diab Abdelrahman Abdullah. Role of Diffusion‐weighted MR Imaging in the evaluation of ovarian tumors. N Y Sci J 2017;10(8):15-18]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 3. doi:10.7537/marsnys100817.03.

Keywords: Role; Diffusion; MR Imaging; evaluation; ovarian tumor

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Duplex Ultrasound Guided Balloon Angioplasty of Lower Extremity Arteries in the Treatment of Critical Lower Limb Ischaemia

Alaa El-Din Mostaf Kamal Sharaby, Mohamed Abd El-Hamid Abd El-Rahman and Mohamed Ibraheem Hammoda

Vascular Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Egypt

Hamoda_hr_84@yahoo.com

Abstract: Objective: To assess the using of duplex ultrasound technique during balloon angioplasty of the lower extremity arteries as regard efficacy, safety and results as well as complications in the treatment of cases of critical lower limb ischaemia. Methods: This prospective randomized controlled study was conducted in the vascular surgery department of Al-Azahar University Hospitals during the period from December 2014 to October 2016. 40 patients; 31(77.5%) male and females was 9(22.5%) with critical lower limb ischaemia. All 40 patients were treated with duplex guided balloon angioplasty and stenting. The patients underwent duplex guidance balloon angioplasty for stenotic and occlusion lesions in the lower extremities. Results: the technical success rate was 100% in this study, based on blood flow was regard before accomplishing the procedure by PTA alone in 38 patients (95%) and PTA with stent in two patients (5%) due to dissection and treated with (6x80cm) EV3 (Self –expanding stent. The improvement detected by PSV at the site of arterial lesion before and after PTA in 40 patients. Balloon angioplasty with or without stenting was done for the lesions after successful crossing. Improvement detected by duplex ultrasound (PSV and wave form) of the studied group (40) 100% at 1 month, 80% at 6 month, 77.5% at 1 year. Intraoperative complications, there were dissection occurred in two cases one treated with stent deployment due to hemodynamically residual significant stenosis following angioplasty <30% diameter reduction and the other one treated with multiple successive balloon dilation for 30 second duration and one minute apart, no thrombosis of the SFA, no distal emboli were detected on completion duplex scans. Conclusion: Duplex-guided balloon angioplasty seems to be feasible, safe, effective technique, a bedside procedure and cost effective as well. Compared with fluoroscopy guidance its considerable cheap, feasible, safe, effective technique, abed–side procedure and cost effective as well.

[Alaa El-Din Mostaf Kamal Sharaby, Mohamed Abd El-Hamid Abd El-Rahman and Mohamed Ibraheem Hammoda. Duplex Ultrasound Guided Balloon Angioplasty of Lower Extremity Arteries in the Treatment of Critical Lower Limb Ischaemia. N Y Sci J 2017;10(8):19-28]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 4. doi:10.7537/marsnys100817.04.

Keywords: Duplex Ultrasound; Balloon Angioplasty; Lower Extremity Artery; Treatment; Lower Limb Ischaemia

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Outcome for upper limb arterio-venous fistula creation with transposition technique

Omar Moukhtar Ibrahem, Mohamed Hussein Mohamed, and Elsayed Elsheshtawy Ali

General Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Egypt

D_sfa_2007@yahoo.com

Abstract: Objective: to examine the outcome of transposed autogenousarterio-venous fistula in the upper limb. Methods: It is a randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted in the vascular surgery unit at Al-Hussein university hospital in the period from October 1st, 2016 till March 30th, 2017. The study included 20 patients suffering from end stage renal diseases on regular dialysis but they are obese and there superficial veins aren’t detected by physical examination but have suitable diameter by duplex for creation of arteriovenous fistula. Results: Primary 6-month patency among the transposed veins was 90 %. Failure rates for all transposed fistulas were low, not exceeding 15%. Rate of surgical complications was 15%, which included hematoma, wound infection, and steal syndrome. Conclusion: With an increasing need for AVF creation, our study demonstrated that the transposition technique is superior to previously published literature in hemodialysis access creation. Our study had a low morbidity rate and all AVFs were able to be used at a range of 4-6 weeks postoperatively. The primary 6-month patency rates were acceptable. Because of the low primary failure rate, our study showed that, in our experience, the transposition technique is superior to that shown in previously published literature in hemodialysis access creation.

[Omar Moukhtar Ibrahem, Mohamed Hussein Mohamed, and Elsayed Elsheshtawy Ali. Outcome for upper limb arterio-venous fistula creation with transposition technique. N Y Sci J 2017;10(8):29-33]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 5. doi:10.7537/marsnys100817.05.

Keywords: Outcome; limb arterio; venous; fistula; creation; transposition; technique

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Genetically modified crops and their biosafety concerns

Qasim Ali¹*, Ghulam Hussain Sehrai¹, Zohaib Hussain¹, Moon Sajid¹, Ghazanfar Abbas², Ibrahim Bala Salisu³, Ahmad Ali Shahid¹

¹National Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of Punjab, Lahore.

²Centre of Agriculture Biotechnology and Biochemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad.

³Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Federal University Dutse, P.M.B.

7156, Jigawa State, Nigeria.

*Corresponding Author: casimaly@gmail.com

Abstract: Genetic engineering (GE) brings the revolution in crop improvement by developing the genetically modified (GM) crops having intentional and novel traits. GM crops hold the great potential to face current challenges, in term of satisficing the increasing demand of agricultural products and food security. Despite the promises they hold, safety assessment of the GM crops is inevitable for their adoption and public concerns. Intense safety research work has been done, which indicates no direct significant adverse effect either on environment or on human health. However, in spite of intense scientific research work and available information some stones still need to be unturned. A deliberate scientific effort is required to uncover many secrets such as, mutagenicity and long-term heath effect of GM crops, in order to build enough confidence for the acceptance of such type of biotechnological innovations.

[Qasim Ali, Ghulam Hussain Sehrai, Zohaib Hussain, Moon Sajid, Ghazanfar Abbas, Ibrahim Bala Salisu. Genetically modified crops and their biosafety concerns. N Y Sci J 2017;10(8):34-41]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 6. doi:10.7537/marsnys100817.06.

Keyword: Risk assessment, GMO, Insect resistant crops, Herbicide resistant crops, Bt, Glyphosate

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Profound Hearing Loss: A Global Review with Particular Reference to Sub-saharan Africa

Kalu Randymay Eja¹, Fulton John² and Etim Kimboline Donatus³

¹Federal Medical Centre, Bayelsa State, Nigeria.

²Department of Pharmacy, Health and Wellbeing, University of Sunderland, England.

³Department of Public Health, University of Calabar, Nigeria.

Kim.etim@yahoo.com

Abstract: It is well established that profound deafness or any other grade of deafness exists globally. The aim of this study was to review literature on the incidence and prevalence of hearing impairment in developed countries including possible aetiological factors and experiences, and compare same with developing countries of Sub-saharan Africa. The study was carried out by reviewing publications on researches conducted in America, United Kingdom, Canada, Belgium, Australia, Pakistan, Taiwan, Nigeria, South Africa, Cameroun and Egypt. It was found that there was a global increase in the number of people with profound deafness from 42 million in 1985 to 538 million in 2015 with an indication that 80% of hearing impaired persons live in low and middle income countries. At the end of 2013, the number of persons with severe to profound hearing impairment in the United Kingdom was estimated to be 1.2 million. In America, the incidence of newborn deafness was found to be higher in rural areas of Appalachia compared to non-Appalachia regions due to socioeconomic differences. In Canada, an increase from 5% to 13% of people with hearing impairment over a 24 year period has been recorded. In Australia, 27% of inhabitants over 5 years of age have been reported to have a hearing loss. In Sub-saharan Africa, one in seven children in Nigeria, for instance, has impaired hearing loss, suggesting high prevalence. Even in Jos, Nigeria, 44(31%) out of 142 children have hearing loss. Incidence and prevalence of profound hearing loss in developed countries are generally attributed to aetiological medical factors, for instance, congenital factors and genetic abnormalities account for 19.8% among neonates who have hearing impairment in Flanders and Belgium. In Sub-saharan Africa, hearing impairment is attributed to the combined effect of ignorance, poverty, medical aetiology, lack of neonatal screening facilities, poor healthcare services and a spiritual cause. In South Africa, admittance into the neonatal intensive care unit appears to be the most prevalent risk factor, while environmental factors account for 52.6% cases in Cameroun. In the United Kingdom, the experiences of mothers of children with impaired hearing are worry, frustration and shock. In Sub-saharan, the experiences of mothers are worry, frustration, absence of newborn screening test, wrong diagnosis by unskilled health workers, poverty and a spiritual cause. In conclusion, the management of hearing impairment in Sub-saharan Africa needs serious attention.

[Kalu Randymay Eja, Fulton John and Etim Kimboline Donatus. Profound Hearing Loss: A Global Review with Particular Reference to Sub-saharan Africa. N Y Sci J 2017;10(8):42-51]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 7. doi:10.7537/marsnys100817.07.

Keywords: Profound deafness, developed countries, Sub-saharan Africa, aetiological factors, mothers’ experiences

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Comparison between seismic codes IBC2016-ASCE07 2010-, UBC97, Eurocode8 and ECP2012 for ten floors concrete building

Prof. Dr. Mohammed Naguib Abou El-Saad, Prof. Assistant Dr. Ahmed Amin Ghaleb, Eng. Mahmoud Al Sakkar

Structural Eng. Department, Faculty of Engineering, Mansoura University, Egypt.

mah241280@yahoo.com

Abstract: After 1992 earthquake and the destructive effects that cause, Egyptian scholars decided to design new structures to resist earthquakes. The Egyptian code was issued since 1993 including seismic loads based on UBC American code. 2003 and later versions, new versions of the code were issued based on the Eurocode8. Although the code is based on the Eurocode8, it extracts some criteria from UBC97. Changing the Egyptian code from the American approach to the European approach arises the question: which one is the best, or in other words what are the advantages and disadvantages in each code to adopt and to avoid respectively. Four ETABS models were completed to study the difference between IBC2016-ASCE07 2010-, UBC97, Eurocode8 and ECP2002 for ten floors concrete tower. Ten floors tower describes the most common range of heights in Egypt. the seismic zone was selected to suit von majority of zones in Egypt and Arabic world. the soil was selected as medium to stiff soil. the system was selected as Concrete-Wall-Bearing System. The comparison of the studied codes showed that the Egyptian code has inconsistency in results in terms of seismic base-shear and story-shear and story responses like story drift ratio due to different load cases and different load combinations.

[Mohammed Naguib Abou El-Saad, Ahmed Amin Ghaleb, Mahmoud Al Sakkar. Comparison between seismic codes IBC2016-ASCE07 2010-, UBC97, Eurocode8 and ECP2012 for ten floors concrete building. N Y Sci J 2017;10(8):52-61]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 8. doi:10.7537/marsnys100817.08.

Keywords: Earthquake, Seismic Codes, IBC-ASCE07-, UBC97, EC8, ECP, Tower.

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Parasites Associated With Cyclorrhaphan Flies Caught in Selected Abattoirs in Awka North and Awka South Local Government Areas, Anambra State, South Eastern Nigeria

¹Umeanaeto P.U., ¹Igbokwe C.C., ¹Onyido A.E. ¹Irikannu K.C and ²Ifeanyichukwu M.O

¹Department of Parasitology and Entomology, Faculty of Biosciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka, Anambra State

²Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Science and Technology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi Campus, Anambra State

kayceeirika@yahoo.com

Abstract-A study was conducted to determine the species of Cyclorrhaphan flies as carriers of parasites from Abattoirs in Awka (Kwatta) and Amansea (Chisom and Nwakanwa) from June to July 2016. A total of 184 flies, comprising of three species were collected and examined for parasites using the formal–ether concentration method. The fly species were Chrysomya megacephala 83(45.1%), Lucilia cuprina 62(33.7%) and Musca domestica 39(21.2%). Four intestinal helminthes, Hookwormova 7(41.2%), Ascaris lumbricoides ova 4(23.6%), Trichuris trichiuraova 1(5.9%) and Strongyloides stercoralis larvae1(5.9%) and a protozoan parasite (Entamoeba histolytica cyst4(23.6%)), were isolated from the external body surfaces of the flies. Of these parasites, Hookworm was the dominant parasite detected. Among the flies, M. domestica was the highest carrier of the helminthes and protozoan parasites. Cyclorrhaphan flies especially the non-biting flies are mechanical transmitter of parasitic infection and so contribute to the spread of disease among the meat sellers and food sellers in and around the Abattoirs, therefore there is a great need to put them in check.

[ Umeanaeto P.U., Igbokwe C.C., Onyido A.E. Irikannu K.C and Ifeanyichukwu M.O. Parasites Associated With Cyclorrhaphan Flies Caught in Selected Abattoirs in Awka North and Awka South Local Government Areas, Anambra State, South Eastern Nigeria. N Y Sci J 2017;10(8):62-67]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 9. doi:10.7537/marsnys100817.09.

Key words: Abattoir, Cylorrhapha, flies, parasites

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Efficiency Parameters of SSR Markers for Characterization of Some Mango Cultivars and Their Suitability in Molecular Bar-coding

*Manal Eid and M. A. Hussein

Department of Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt

eid_manl@hotmail.com

Abstract: In the present study, 25 Egyptian cultivars of mango were characterized by means of - simple sequence repeats (SSRs) to distinguish the extent of genetic variation and to develop a fingerprinting key. Thirty five SSR markers selected based on their repeatability, scorability and their ability to discrete between cultivars. 35 SSR loci produced 219 alleles with high level of Polymorphism (~100 per cent). Primary allelic variability and the genetic bases of the cultivated germplasm were computed through parameters of percentage of polymorphic loci, observed number of alleles, effective number of alleles, observed heterozygosity, expected heterozygosity, fixation index and gene flow. The number of total alleles per locus varied from 3 to 10 alleles with an average of 6.25 across the genotypes. The effective number of alleles ranged between 2 to 6.25 with average value of 4.02. The observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.28 to 0.92 with average value of 0.62. The expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.53 to 0.84 average value of 0.72. The results showed the mean of Fixation index was 0.13 whereas the mean gene flow was 1.71. The mean polymorphic information content value of 0.70. The Marker index values for SSR ranged from 1.2 to 8.2 with an average of 4.46 per marker. The Resolving power values ranged from 2.4 to 3.76 with a mean of 3.17 Also, SSRs of diagnostic and curatorial importance were discerned as ‘stand alone’ molecular descriptors for bar coding the application of DNA sequences of standardized genetic markers for the identification of mango cultivars. The present study could be of much use for the introgression of new characters from cultivar to other, isolation of stable segregating markers, and selection of improved varieties and conservation of germplasm resources.

[Manal Eid and M. A. Hussein. Efficiency Parameters of SSR Markers for Characterization of Some Mango Cultivars and Their Suitability in Molecular Bar-coding. N Y Sci J 2017;10(8):68-76]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 10. doi:10.7537/marsnys100817.10.

Key word: Mango, SSR, DNA, fingerprinting, barcode

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Vulnerability and adaptation measures of faba bean under climate change conditions in North Nile Delta and Middle Egypt

El-Marsafawy, Samia M; N. G. Ainer and M. A. M. Ibrahim

Soil, Water and Environment Research Institute (SWERI), Agricultural research Center (ARC), Egypt

Samiaelmarsafawy797@hotmail.com

Abstract: This study was conducted to assess the adverse impacts of climate change on some faba bean varieties and to find out the possible options to overcome such negative impacts through adaptation strategies. A field trial was carried out during the two successive winter seasons 2010/2011 and 2011/2012 at Sakha (North Nile Delta area) and Giza (middle Egypt), agricultural research stations. Each experiment included four tested faba bean varieties; Sakha2 (V1), Sakha3 (V2), Giza3 (V3) and Giza843 (V4). The Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer "DSSAT" program was run using input data in weather, soil and crop management. Simulations were carried out on data covering 25 - 30 years under the normal weather conditions and climate change conditions. The results indicated that productivity of faba bean will vary between few decrease or increase under climate change conditions. The change percent in faba bean seed yield ranged between -3 and +5 % at Sakha; and between -9 and +0.2% at Giza. Additionally crop water productivity has declined significantly under climate change conditions ranging from-4 to-12% in Sakha,-9 to-18% in Giza. Regarding adaptation strategies, the results showed that the highest seed yield under climate change was given by V₄ when sown on 19^th Nov. at Sakha and V₁ when sown on 10^th Dec. at Giza. Increasing the amount of irrigation water by 10 or 20% at Sakha site led to increase crop productivity by 3% and 6%, respectively. While reducing the amount of irrigation water 10 to 20% reduced productivity by 3 to 26%. At Giza, increasing amount 10 % could increase yield by 3 % and up to 4 % with increasing amount 20 %. However, decreasing amount of irrigation water 10 to 20 % could decrease yield from 3 % up to 12 %. Lastly, under water shortage that facing Egypt, the results showed that skipping the last irrigation has the least negative effect on marketable crop yield.

[El-Marsafawy, Samia M; N. G. Ainer and M. A. M. Ibrahim. Vulnerability and adaptation measures of faba bean under climate change conditions in North Nile Delta and Middle Egypt. N Y Sci J 2017;10(8):77-88]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 11. doi:10.7537/marsnys100817.11.

Keywords: Climate change, DSSAT, Adaptation options, faba bean

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The Influence of the Digital Revolution on the Architectural Trends and its Impact on the Architectural Thinking in the Beginning of the 21^st Century

Alaa Aldeen Alsayed Fared¹, Ahmed Ahmed Kamel Metwally², Abdel Salam Ahmed Soliman³

¹Professor of Architecture Faculty of Engineering Al Azhar University, Egypt

²Visiting Assistant Lecturer in Architectural Engineering Department–Faculty of Engineering, Obour Institute for Engineering & Technology-Cairo-A.R.E, Engineer in the New Urban Communities Authority - El-Shorouk Cairo - A.R.E

³ Architecture Faculty of Engineering Al Azhar University, Egypt

aarch2020@yahoo.com

Abstract: A great deal of technological changes took place in the last two decades, such as computer sciences and applications, which guaranteed the absolute domination of digital technologies above all; this was the beginning of so called digital revolution. Since architecture is very much connected to the community, it individuals and activities, there was a strong connection between contemporary architecture and digital revolution; since the architectural innovation has become integrally connected between human creativity and artificial intelligence, which is represented in tangible and intangible, and realist and virtual. Considering architectural innovation and creation processes as presented in architectural design stages, they are considered the base point of professional interest of architects. This means that architectural design has a special significance as they represent the direct product of architectural innovation and creation process, and that is why the architects pay attention to involve the available cutting edge technologies for the interest of architecture, through the development of architectural innovation and creation process and the use of digital technology and its applications for the interest of the innovation process. That is why it was necessary to study the technological effects of the digital revolution and its applications in the fields related to architecture, and the reflection of all that is on the contemporary architectural thinking, and the new architectural innovation and creation it presents. That is the field of the study.

[Alaa Aldeen Alsayed Fared, Ahmed Ahmed Kamel Metwally, Abdel Salam Ahmed Soliman. The Influence of the Digital Revolution on the Architectural Trends and its Impact on the Architectural Thinking in the Beginning of the 21^st Century. N Y Sci J 2017;10(8):89-105]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 12. doi:10.7537/marsnys100817.12.

Keywords: New Modernity – Fractal – Intellectual Trends – Digital Revolution – Constructional Technology.

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Isolation and Characterization of Antibacterial Agent Produced by Streptomyces avermilitis, SK60-8 Active against pathogenic bacteria isolates from follicular fluid collected from Inferitility Egyptian Women

Enayat Mahmoud Deskouy¹, Wael Refaat Hablus², Ahmed Mohamed Ramah³, Nermine Nasr Al-Din Abed¹ and Eman Abdullah Elhusseiny³

¹Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science (Girls), Al-Azhar University-Cairo-Egypt.

²Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University-Cairo-Egypt.

³Assited and Reproductive Unit, International Islamic Center for Population Studies and Research (IICPSR), Al-Azhar University-Cairo-Egypt.

nermineabed67@gmail.com, zizo.maadi@gmail.com

Abstract: Natural products have a major impact on human health during the second half of this century. During the screening program for new antimicrobial agent active against follicular fluidbacterial pathogens complaining of Egyptian Woman Infertility an antibacterial agent produced by Streptomyces avermilitis, SK60-8 isolated from a soil sample collected from Kilo 60, Seuz governorate, Egypt. In its culture supernatant, this organism could produce one major bioactive compound exhibited strong antibacterial activity against the isolated Bacterial follicular fluid pathogens. Escherichia coli ES-1, Staphylococcusaureus ES-2, Propionibacterium ES-3, lactobacillus Acidophilus ES-4, lactobacillus plantarum ES-5, lactobacillus ruminis ES-6, lactobacillusparacasei ES-7, Streptococcus agalactiae ES-8, Enterococcus faecalis ES-9, Enterococcus hirae ES-10, & Proteus mirabilis ES-11; with mean diameter of inhibition zone 28.0, 30.0, 26.0, 20, 25.0,22.0,25.0,21.0,25.0,22.0 and 19.0 mm respectively, these activities were found to be similar to that of ofloxacin, antibiotic and it had a better therapeutic effect among the antibiotics tested. The active compound was separated by silicagel column chromatography and then purified on sephadex LH-20 column. The physico-chemical characteristics of the active agent viz. color, melting point, solubility and spectroscopic characteristics (UV, FTIR, Mass and 1HNMR spectra and elemental analysis) have been investigated. These analyses indicate a suggested empirical formula of C20H17CIF21N3O3S. The purified compound was found to be belonging to macrolide antibiotics and identified as a derivative of Monbactams. Although this antibiotic is known, the newly isolated strain was able to produce the antibiotic as a major product providing an important biotechnological downstream advantage.

[Enayat Mahmoud Deskouy, Wael Refaat Hablas, Ahmed Mohamed Ramah, Nermine Nasr Al-Din  and Eman Abdullah Elhusseiny. Isolation and Characterization of Antibacterial Agent Produced by Streptomyces avermilitis, SK60-8 Active against pathogenic bacteria isolates from follicular fluid collected from Inferitility Egyptian Women. N Y Sci J 2017;10(8):106-112]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 13. doi:10.7537/marsnys100817.13.

Keywords: Streptomyces avermilitis, SK60-8, follicular fluid, antibacterial antibiotic, ofloxacin.

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3D Geomechanical Earth Model Based on Well Logs in Edfu and Saqqara Fields, Gulf of Suez, Egypt

Esam A. Gawad¹, Ali E. Farag², Mohamed A. Elkhawaga³, Wael K. Abdelghany³, Radwan A. E³

¹Geology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Egypt

²Freelance prof. of Practice, Cairo University, Egypt

³Geomechanic Specialist Gulf of Suez Petroleum Company (GUPCO), Egypt

khawagama@gupco.net

Abstract: The understanding of the geomechanical properties is becoming increasingly important to both drilling and completion operations. Actually, the optimum well design requires, understanding of pore pressures, fracture pressure and stresses magnitude and directions. The paper addresses performing and distribution of 3D geomechanical properties model using PETREL software to reduce and mitigate the drilling hazards. The study includes detailed workflow including two pivots; the first is data preparation and calculation through 1D models. These data include, complete pore pressure calculation, compute the principle stress magnitudes and geomechanical models. This part is achieved using TECHLOG software. The second step includes the distribution the property through the 3D structural and facies models. The output including 3D cubes of well logs (GR, RHOB and DT), principle stresses (vertical stress, maximum and minimum horizontal stress), interpreted pore pressure, fracture pressure and finally mechanical earth model (Young’s modulus, shear modulus, bulks modulus, Poisson’s ratio, Compressive strength). Prior this step, 3D structural and facies models are built to ensure well and accurate distribution of these properties through the model. The resulting of the mechanical earth model helps effectively to improve the wellbore stability predictions. It provides well path optimization through safe mud weight window to prevent or minimize formation fluid influx, shear failure and drilling fluid loss during drilling, and a target well that is optimally aligned for completion operations.

[Esam A. Gawad, Ali E. Farag, Mohamed A. Elkhawaga, Wael K. Abdelghany, Radwan A. E. 3D Geomechanical Earth Model Based on Well Logs in Edfu and Saqqara Fields, Gulf of Suez, Egypt. N Y Sci J 2017;10(8):113-129]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 14. doi:10.7537/marsnys100817.14.

Keywords: Mechanical Earth Model, 3D Pore Pressure; Edfu Oil Field; Saqqara Oil Field; Gulf of Suez

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Clinical Audit on Management of Neonatal Convulsion in Neonatology Unit of Assuit University Pediatric Hospital

Hager A. Zaky, Ahmed G. Asker, and Mostafa S. Khalaf

Pediatrics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Egypt

miss.hagerahmed@gmail.com

Abstract: Objective: Is to investigate how much the protocol of diagnosis and management of neonatal convulsions is practically implemented in the NICU of AUCH. Methods: The target population of this retrospective study were all neonates who were admitted to NICU with neonatal seizures during the period between the first of January 2015 to 31th of December 2015. The study included all newborn infants with convulsions occurring during the neonatal period, within the first 4 weeks of life. Cases of neonatal convulsions were diagnosed according to clinical suspicion from history, physical examination, neurological examination and laboratory investigation. Results: The study included 175 patients with neonatal convulsions. 117 cases were males and 58 were females. Data of the study showed that AUCH partially followed the reference standard of the study.

[Hager A. Zaky, Ahmed G. Asker, and Mostafa S. Khalaf. Clinical Audit on Management of Neonatal Convulsion in Neonatology Unit of Assuit University Pediatric Hospital. N Y Sci J 2017;10(8):130-135]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 15. doi:10.7537/marsnys100817.15.

Keywords: Neonatal Convulsion, Seizures, NICU.

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Define the Geopressure Ramps Based on Well Logs in Edfu and Saqqara Oil Fields, Gulf of Suez- Egypt

Esam A. Gawad¹, Ali E. Farag², Mohamed A. Elkhawaga³, Wael K. Abdelghany³, Radwan A.E³

¹Geology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Egypt

²Freelance prof. of Practice, Cairo University, Egypt

³Geomechanic Specialist Gulf of Suez Petroleum Company (GUPCO), Egypt

khawagama@gupco.net

Abstract: The understanding of the abnormal pore pressure is becoming increasingly important to both drilling and completion operations. Actually, the optimum well design requires, understanding of pore pressures, fracture pressure. If the abnormal pressures are not accurately predicted prior to drilling, catastrophic incidents could occur as kicks, well blowouts and well pack off. The high rates of sedimentation in Edfu and Saqqara especially through the Miocene time has created state of disequilibrium compaction that finally lead to the development of overpressure through certain horizons. The paper addresses defining the geopressure horizons in addition to the magnitudes of these abnormal pressures. Using datasets of five wells (three in Edfu field and two in Saqqara field) including well logs data (GR, resistivity and Sonic) and well site reports that including detailed about drilling problems are used to calculate and calibrate the pore pressure. In the paper, Eaton's resistivity and sonic methods are used for pore pressure calculation with some modification in the Eaton exponent to be fit in the area of interest. In Eaton method, the pore pressure calculated based on the primary generation of the overpressure deflection than the normal compaction trend due to the compaction disequilibrium and effective stress theory. Edfu and Saqqara fields are case studies in the GOS region illustrate how to define the horizons of the geopressure and to improve pore pressure prediction in sedimentary formations.

[Esam A. Gawad, Ali E. Farag, Mohamed A. Elkhawaga, Wael K. Abdelghany, Radwan A.E. Define the Geopressure Ramps Based on Well Logs in Edfu and Saqqara Oil Fields, Gulf of Suez- Egypt. N Y Sci J 2017;10(8):136-149]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 16. doi:10.7537/marsnys100817.16.

Keywords: Geopressure Ramps; Pore Pressure; Edfu Oil Field; Saqqara Oil Field; Gulf of Suez

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Evaluate adding green seaweed to different rations by In vitro gas production technique

Etab R.I. Abd El-Galil¹ and Hadear H. Amin²

¹Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.

²Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.

aetab@live.com

Abstract: In vitro gas production technique used to evolution supplemented green seaweed (Ulva lactuca) with different levels on two rations containing rice straw and concentrate and effects on some rumen parameters, digestibility, degradability (DM, OM, NDF, ADF, hemicellulose and cellulose) and gas production values. Three rations were used to In vitro techniques and the rations were: R1(standard ration):40% clover hay + 60%concentrate, R2: 40% rice straw + 60%concentrate, R3: 50% rice straw + 50% concentrate. Supplemented green seaweed (Ulva lactuca) with different levels were (0,0.8,1.6,2.4 and 3.2% from DM ration). The results indicated that the rate of fermentation gas production was high in all rations adding green seaweed. Ruminal pH and rate gas production per hour (Rate GP / h) was not affected during fermentation processes, Short chain fatty acid ( SCFA ) and metabolic energy (ME ) cleared no significant differences among all different adding and control groups in the experiment. Ammonia concentration recorded the lowest value of ammonia in R2(1.6%) and R3 (0.8%). Microbial protein (MP) and efficiency microbial protein ( EMP) recorded high values in all different addition of green seaweed compared control (0%). The highest significant value of DMD (p<0.05) was found in R2 adding seaweed 0.8 % and 3.2% (63.21 and 63.54 %). OMD in R2 recorded the highest values in all supplementation especially level of 3.2% compared 0% and R1, but in R3 the level of 0.8%adding seaweed was the highest value only. It was noticed, that the values of hemicellulose digestibility increased with increase in the level of green seaweed compared 0 %. Cellulose digestibility (Cellul. D) values were recorded the highest value in all adding green seaweed especially level 3.2 in R2 and level 1.6 in R3 (76.58 and 48.92 %, respectively) compared with R1 (28.84%). Degradability of DM, OM, NDF, ADF, Hemicell and Cellu. were increasing with adding green seaweed with different levels supplementation in R2 especially added 3.2% was the highest value compared with 0% added. In R3 the highest value was adding 0.8% green seaweed only but any adding were low values compared 0% added. It concluded that supplementation seaweed (Ulvalactuca) with different levels due to improving digestibility, kinetics of gas production, growth of microbial protein biomass, efficiency of microbial protein and degradability especially R2 containing 40% rice straw but R3 containing 50% rice straw in one level adding 0.8% DM and equaled values standard ration (R1) containing clover hay.

[Etab R.I. Abd El-Galil and Hadear H. Amin. Evaluate adding green seaweed to different rations by In vitro gas production technique. N Y Sci J 2017;10(8):150-157]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 17. doi:10.7537/marsnys100817.17.

Keywords: Green Algae, Digestibility, In vitro gas value, cellulose, hemicellulose, degradability.

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Outcome of surgical intervention with different modalities in treatment of lumbar canal stenosis.

Ahmed Mohamed Shaker Eidarous Elakhras ¹, Ahmed M. El Sherif² and Mostafa Elsyed Mohamed³

¹Neurosurgical Department, Kafr-Elsheikh University Hospitals, Egypt.

² Neurosurgical Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Egypt.

ahmed1alakhras@gmail.com

Abstract: Background: Neural decompression for lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) can be performed, besides conventional lumbar laminectomy, by many other surgical Techniques. Objective: The goal of this study is to assess clinical and radiological outcome of surgical intervention with different modalities in treatment of lumbar canal stenosis. Methods: A number of 46 patients with lumbar spinal stenosis were divided into two groups: group A, patients with central canal stenosis (no.=25), consists of patients that underwent a laminectomy procedure and group B, patients with lateral canal stenosis (no.=21), consists of cases where fenestration was used. Outcome was assessed postoperatively. Two parameters were evaluated (MRS) And Patient satisfaction. Results: The level of pain was reduced in both patient groups. Cases in group A: maintained higher levels of back pain in the first postoperative period versus group B. Improvement was faster for those operated by unilateral approach. At follow-ups, (MRS) values were very similar. Conclusions: Decompression by fenestration approach is an efficient method that represents the first option of treatment for patients with lateral lumbar spinal stenosis with unilateral or predominantly unilateral symptoms. For patients with severe central stenosis, classic laminectomy remains the first surgical choice.

[Ahmed Mohamed Shaker Eidarous Elakhras, Ahmed M. El Sherif and Mostafa Elsyed Mohamed. Outcome of surgical intervention with different modalities in treatment of lumbar canal stenosis. N Y Sci J 2017;10(8):158-163]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 18. doi:10.7537/marsnys100817.18.

Key words: lumbar spinal stenosis, laminectomy, unilateral approach.

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Outcome of Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy and SWL in the Treatment of Complex Renal Stones

Mohammed M. Elmazar, Mourad M. Mahmoud and Ismail M. khalaf

Department of urology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azahar University, Cairo, Egypt

El_mazzar@yahoo.com

Abstract: Purpose: To assess the outcome of combined percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL) and SWL for the treatment of complex renal stones and its short term impact on the function of the operated kidneys. Patients and Methods: The outcome of 50 patients with complex renal stones submitted to PCNL and complementary SWL for significant residuals between June 2013 and May 2016 were prospectively reviewed. Preoperative evaluation included routine investigations, KUB, U/S, IVP or low-dose NCCT and diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) renography. Patients evaluated for stone clearance and perioperative complications as well as GFR changes at 3 months postoperatively. Follow-up with KUB and low-dose NCCT for radiolucent stones were performed. Renal radioisotopic scan was performed for patients who had already undergone this study before PNL. Results: The study included 50 patients (39 male and 11 female) with mean age 41.5 years. They underwent 51 PNL procedures (one patient had bilateral stones). Among the 51 kidneys, 22 (43.13%) rendered stone free after one session PNL elevated to 58.8% after 2^nd session when performed. At 3 months, the stone-free rate increased to 92.1% after shock wave lithotripsy. Independent risk factors for residual stones were stone volume, number of access tracts and surgeon experience. The complication rate was 55% Independent risk factors for development of complications were performance of the procedure by urologists other than experienced endourologist, positive urine culture and stone burden. Only 40 patients underwent 41(80.4%) procedures completed the functional evaluation with DTPA renogram. The total number of renal units that showed improvement in their GFR were 15; 12 renal units had improvement above 10% of their preoperative GFR value while 3 renal units below 10%. on the other side, the total numbers of renal units that showed deterioration were 26; 20 renal units had deterioration more than 10% of their preoperative GFR value while 6 renal units below 10%. All renal units with obstructed curves in the preoperative renal isotope scan showed relief of the obstruction and proper trace drainage. Conclusion: PNL and complementary SWL are effective in achieving an acceptable stone-clearance rate in patients with complex renal calculi. Factors affecting the incidence of residual stones after PNL and SWL are stone volume, number of access tracts and surgeon experience. Complications are significantly high if PNL is not performed by an experienced endourologist as well as positive urine culture and large stone burden. This study reported that PNL in complex stones does not cause a statistically significant impact on the function of the targeted kidney during short term follow up.

[Mohammed M. Elmazar, Mourad M. Mahmoud and Ismail M. khalaf. Outcome of Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy and SWL in the Treatment of Complex Renal Stones. N Y Sci J 2017;10(8):164-168]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 19. doi:10.7537/marsnys100817.19.

Keywords: PNL, SWL, Complex Stones, GFR

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The Impact and Effectiveness of Physical Education on Women’s Health and Sport, Arab and International Perspectives

Dr. Nihad Albatikhi

Associate Professor, Faculty of Physical Education, The University of Jordan, Amman – Jordan, P.O. Box 13449 Postal

Dr.nihad_albatikhi@ yahoo.com

Abstract: This study aimed to identify the impact of physical education on the sport and health of women, from the perspectives of Arab and U.S. Physical Education faculty members. This study also identifies challenges faced in the field of sports. The sample was selected randomly from Physical Education professors from the Arab world (116) and Virginia, United States (20). The researcher composed a questionnaire that included three fields: (1) the impact of physical education on women’s health; (2) the field of physical education to increase effectiveness; and (3) challenges in the field of physical education and sport. The validity and reliability study tool has been verified. The study’s results showed that the impact of physical education on the sport and health of women, their relationship to the level of effectiveness and challenges faced in the field of sports and education, from the point of view of Physical Education faculty members, was medium in general. The lack of statistically significant differences at the level of significance (α = 0.05) is attributable to the impact of years of experience and area of expertise. The presence of statistically significant differences in the significance level (α = 0.05) is attributable to the impact of sex, in favor of females, as well as the presence of statistically significant differences in the significance level (α = 0.05) due to the effect of geographical location, in favor for the benefit of America. The results showed that the field of physical education and its impact on women's sports and health came first, followed by the field of Physical Education to limit the impact of the challenges in the field of sports and education; finally, the impact of the field of physical education to increase efficiency. In light of the results of the study, the researcher recommended the adoption of Physical Education and sports education because of their significant impact on the exercise and health of women. On the other hand, what urged her Physical Education field of sports and education to raise the level of knowledge awareness of individuals through the definition of the objectives and benefits of physical education that benefit the individual and society and linking and employ other sciences physical education and ease the burdens of routine placed on women's sports field of educational access to creative work. This helps adoptions confront the challenges in the field and reduces them through teamwork. Once awareness of the importance of physical education was recognized, and not known merely as fun and play as many thought, and taking into account the social customs of each region along with those in charge of planning programs for the sport of women's access to effective participation, the desired objectives were achieved.

[Nihad Albatikhi. The Impact and Effectiveness of Physical Education on Women’s Health and Sport, Arab and International Perspectives. N Y Sci J 2017;10(8):169-182]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 20. doi:10.7537/marsnys100817.20.

Keywords: Impact; Effectiveness; physical; Education; Women; Health; Sport; Arab; International Perspective

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Graphical Diagnostic and Minimum Variance Criteria for Comparing Transformed and Untransformed Linear Regression Models

Yusuf O. Afolabi¹ and Peter A. Oluwagunwa²

^1,2Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Rufus Giwa Polytechnic, Owo, Nigeria

¹ayusufolasunkanmi@gmail.com, ²petergunwa@gmail.com

Abstract: Embarking on various transformations of linear regression model was investigated with a keen interest on the core difference between transformed and untransformed variables whose interdependence is closely related. Mean square error and error diagnostic analysis were adopted as basis for adjudging the best linear regression model. It was deduced from available results that transformations of logarithm (bases 10 and 7), square root, reciprocal and inverse square were found to have among others possessed the minimum mean square errors of 0.001 and lesser. In contrary, when compared with the qq-plots and other residual plots from the diagnostic analysis, logarithm transformation of base 10 was acknowledged to have performed better among other transformation competitors. Therefore, error diagnostic analysis should form part of reliable yardsticks apart from the minimum condition of least mean square error for selecting best linear regression model when transformations of closely related variables with same number of observations are involved.

[Afolabi, Y. O. and Oluwagunwa, P. A. Graphical Diagnostic and Minimum Variance Criteria for Comparing Transformed and Untransformed Linear Regression Models. N Y Sci J 2017;10(8):183-193]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 21. doi:10.7537/marsnys100817.21.

Keywords: Transformed and untransformed variables, Linear regression model, Mean square error, Quantile-quantile plot

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Role of measuring the endometrial thickness and assessment of sub-endometrial vascularity by power Doppler ultrasound in prediction of pregnancy rate in patients undergoing IVF/ICSI cycle

Abd Elmoneam Mohammed Zakria, Sameh Said Sayed, Marwa Gamal Mohammed

Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Faculty of Medicine Al-Azhar University, Egypt

Lobna_sleem@yahoo.com

Abstract: Background: A favorable endometrial environment is necessary for successful implantation. use of ultrasonic technology has increased as a way to measure possible predictors of endometrial receptivity, such as endometrial thickness endometrial blood flow and blood flow in the (sub) endometrial arteries. Aim of the Work: Is to study the correlation between (endometrial thickness, and assessment of sub-endometrial vascularity, by power Doppler ultrasonography), and uterine receptivity in infertile women treated with IVF/ICSI. And the pregnancy outcome. Patietns and Methods: The study included 50 infertile patients suffering from various durations of both primary and secondary infertility, and undergoing IVF/ICSI, endometrial thickness was measured and sub-endometrial blood flow was assessed by power Doppler ultrasound on the day of hCG triggering. Results: There were no significant differences between no pregnancy group and pregnancy group regarding their age, infertility duration, type of infertility, level of E2 on day of hcg, hCG injection day, number of follicles and their diameter also there were also no difference regarding FSH, LH, TSH. There was a statistical significant difference between the two groups regarding: prolactin, the mean RI, the mean PI, The mean S/D ratio of the subendometrial blood flow, the mean endometrial thickness number of oocytes and number of available and transferred embryos. Conclusion: Transvaginal color Doppler examination of the endometrial–subendometrial blood flow distribution provides a simple and effective method to evaluate endometrial receptivity. The presence of both endometrial and subendometrial blood flow is indicative of good endometrial receptivity, whereas the absence of both represents a poor uterine environment. This approach may be helpful in deciding the number and timing of ICSI in IVF treatments.

[Abd Elmoneam Mohammed Zakria, Sameh Said Sayed, Marwa Gamal Mohammed. Role of measuring the endometrial thickness and assessment of sub-endometrial vascularity by power Doppler ultrasound in prediction of pregnancy rate in patients undergoing IVF/ICSI cycle. N Y Sci J 2017;10(8):194-201]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 22. doi:10.7537/marsnys100817.22.

Key words: Power Doppler ultrasound, endometrial thickness, subendometrial vascularity, pregnancy rate, IVF/ICSI

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Sustainable Interior Design for Children Spaces

Ahmed Abdulalwahab Rizk, Ingy Ibrahhim El-Darwish, Sara Adel Alsheshtawy

Department of Architecture, Faculty of Engineering, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt

Sara.adel12@hotmail.com

Abstract: The paper’s aim is to awareness of the importance of sustainability and use it’s principles in interior design. This paper addresses the concepts of interior design, interior space, and sustainable interior design. The latter depends on indoor air quality and materials used. The paper also discusses how to improve internal air to raise its efficiency, after knowing the reasons for pollution of the internal space. In addition to setting criteria for the selection of sustainable materials that can be used in space. This as well as the impact of physiological and psychological sustainability on the child. Eventually, the principles of sustainable interior design for children spaces.

[Ahmed Abdulalwahab Rizk, Ingy Ibrahhim El-Darwish, Sara Adel Alsheshtawy. Sustainable Interior Design for Children Spaces. N Y Sci J 2017;10(8):202-205]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 23. doi:10.7537/marsnys100817.23.

Keywords: Sustainability, Interior Design, children

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Clomiphene Citrate Stair Step Protocol with Phytoestrogen Vs. Traditional Protocol in Patient with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Asem A. Mousa (MD)¹, Mohamed A. Mohamed (MD)¹, Waleed A. Saad (MBBCH)²

²Department of obstetrics and gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Al Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt

² Resident of obstetrics and gynecology at El Shahada Central hospital, Menoufia, Egypt

magro_modeller@yahoo.com

Abstract: Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of clomiphene citrate (CC) combined with phytoestrogens in stair step versus traditional protocol to induce ovulation in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). Patients and methods: This comparative study was conducted on 100 patients with PCOS who were divided into two groups; Group I (traditional protocol) included 50 patients who received CC 50 mg daily for 5 days from the second day of the cycle with folliculometry started at day 8, and Group II (Stair step protocol) included 50 patients who received CC 50 mg daily for 5 days from the second day of the cycle with folliculometry started at day 8, when the mean diameter of the follicle is below 11mm on cycle day 14, the dosage was increased to 100 mg/day for another 5 days with re-evaluation on cycle day 19 by ultrasound. In addition, Group III: including 50 patients with traditional protocol without taken phytoestrogen (control group). Both groups I and II received phytoestrogen1500 mg daily from the third day of cycle for 10 days to alleviate the side effects of CC on the endometrium. Ovulation and pregnancy rates were the main outcome measures. Data was collected and tabulated. Results: Patients in the stair step protocol (group 1) exhibited a higher number of mature follicles, higher ovulation rate (72% vs 40%) and higher pregnancy rate (60% vs 22%) when compared to traditional protocol and control groups (p<0.05). No significant differences between the studied groups regarding endometrial thickness, multiple pregnancy rate and ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome rate (p>0.05). Conclusion: under the conditions of the present study, CC in the stair step protocol is safe and more effective than the traditional protocol in terms of ovulation and pregnancy rates.

[Asem A. Mousa, Mohamed A. Mohamed, Waleed A. Saad. Clomiphene Citrate Stair Step Protocol with Phytoestrogen Vs. Traditional Protocol in Patient with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. N Y Sci J 2017;10(8):206-212]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 24. doi:10.7537/marsnys100817.24.

Key words: Polycystic ovarian syndrome, stair step, clomiphene citrate

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Postnatal Development of Peyer’s Patches in Albino Rats (Histological and Morphometric Study)

Mohammed Mokhtar El-Assaly, Hamdino Mohamed Attia, Ahmed Kamal El Banna and Mostafa Rezk Mager

Medical Anatomy & Embryology Department,Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar Unviersity, Egypt.

magarmostafa@gmail.com

Abstract: Background: Peyer’s patches (PPs) are essential elements of the gut-associated lymphatic tissue that are involved in defense against pathogens that may be colonizing the gut and are also involved in oral food tolerance otherwise food allergy occurs. Objective: This work aims to study the development of Peyer’s patches in postnatal period of albino rats, to shed the light on structural and correlated functional modifications that occur during the postnatal development of Peyer’s patches. Material and Methods: Eighty albino rats were used in the present study. Animals were divided into eight equal groups (ten animals each) according to age (Group I - one day, Group II - one week, Group III - two weeks, Group IV - three weeks, Group V - four weeks, Group VI- eight weeks, Group VII- eighteen weeks and Group VIII- thirty six weeks ). The animals were scarified, terminal parts of their ileum were dissected out and histological sections were prepared for light microscopic examination by different techniques of histological and histochemical staining. Morphometric and statistical analysis were done for results of each group. Results: Observations in the present study showed that by the age of one day, PPs appeared as small epithelial elevations overlying small aggregates of lymphocytes in their connective tissue cores. By the age of one week, Spherical accumulations of lymphoid cells were observed under this dome-shaped epithelium and were consistent with primary lymphoid follicles. These follicles were separated by diffusely dispersed lymphocytes. From the age of two weeks onward the size of these follicle and lymphocytic density increased gradually to reach maximum by the age of Eighteen weeks followed by decrease in lymphocytic cellular density by the age of thirty six weeks. Germinal centers within lymphoid follicles started to appear by the age of three weeks. PPs reached the adult structure by the age of eight weeks and now consisted of well-defined four portions; follicular area (containing lymphoid follicles with distinct germinal centers) interfollicular area, sub epithelial dome and follicle associated epithelium. the mucous membranes at the Peyer’s patches areas in all studied age groups, were found lacking the presence of villi and crypts, instead dome shaped elevations were found. Follicle associated epithelium at the age of one day onwards showed significantly less population of goblet cells (when compared to neighboring villi). Conclusion: Based on the results of the present study, it is believed that many structural changes occurring during the development of Peyer's patches follow a plan of structure-function adaptation. This might explain appearance of germinal centers following the time of weaning due to strong or long exposure of Peyer's patch's lymphoid cells to intestinal antigens. Moreover, the absence of villi and crypts in the covering epithelium of Peyer's patches, in addition to reduced number of goblet cells indicates weak absorptive and secretory functions of Peyer's patches and its adaption for the immunological function when compared to other areas of the intestinal mucosa.

[Mohammed Mokhtar El-Assaly, Hamdino Mohamed Attia, Ahmed Kamal El Banna and Mostafa Rezk Mager. Postnatal Development of Peyer’s Patches in Albino Rats (Histological and Morphometric Study). N Y Sci J 2017;10(8):213-223]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 25. doi:10.7537/marsnys100817.25.

Key words: Peyer’s Patches, Postnatal Development, Rats.

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