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Comparative Study between Letrozole and Tamoxifen Citrate in Treatment of Clomiphene Citrate Resistant Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome

Farid Ibrahim Hassan, Abd Allah Khalil Ahmed, Abd El Raouf Abd El Raouf Abo Nar and Abd El Hamid Mohamed Zaky Elsanhoury

Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Egypt

drelsanhoury2014@gmail.com

Abstract: Background: The objective of this prospective randomized study was to make a comparison between the effects of letrozole and tamoxifen (TMX) in ovulation induction in clomiphene (CC)-resistant women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). Methods: The study comprised a total of 60 infertile women (60 cycles) with CC-resistant PCOS selected from the clinics affiliated to the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Al-Azhar University. Patients were randomized to treatment with 2.5mg of letrozole daily (50patients, one cycle) or 20 mg of TMX daily (50 patients, one cycle) for 5 days from day 5 of menses and 10000 IU hCG when mature follicles become ≥18 mm in diameter. The chi-square and t-test were used for comparing two groups and p<0.05 was considered significant. Results: The total number of follicles (≥18 mm) in the letrozole group was more than TMX group. The endometrial thickness at the time of hCG administration was significantly higher (p<0.044, at 95% CI) in the letrozole group than that of TMX group (10.2±0.7 vs. 9.1±0.2 mm). Ovulation occurred in 23.33% of cycles in the letrozole group and in 8.89% in the TMX group. Conclusion: Both letrozole and TMX should be considered as optional therapies for CC-resistant women. In addition, letrozole was superior to TMX in achieving a higher pregnancy and ovulation rate and also lesser side effects in comparison to tamoxifen.

[Farid Ibrahim Hassan, Abd Allah Khalil Ahmed, Abd El Raouf Abd El Raouf Abo Nar and Abd El Hamid Mohamed Zaky Elsanhoury. Comparative Study between Letrozole and Tamoxifen Citrate in Treatment of Clomiphene Citrate Resistant Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome. N Y Sci J 2017;10(7):1-9]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 1. doi:10.7537/marsnys100717.01.

Keywords: Clomiphene resistance, Infertility, Letrozole, Oligomenorrhea, Ovulation induction, Polycystic ovarian syndrome, Tamoxifen.

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Diffusion Weighted MRI in Characterization of Hepatic Focal Lesions

A. Hejazy M.B.B.CH, S. Alwagdy M.D & M. A. Abdelatif M.D.

Case series performed at the Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Faculty of medicine Al-Azhar University. Cairo, Egypt. bakrhegazy1987@gmail.com

Abstract: Aim: The aim of this study is to assess the role of Diffusion Weighted Imaging (DWI) technique used in Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of the liver and its ability to characterize hepatic focal lesions and differentiate them as benign or malignant. Summary: 37 cases with HFLs was investigated by dynamic MRI in conjunction adjacent to DWI Tanique at 3 different b values and ADC measurement for each lesion. DWI proved to be helpful in the characterization of focal liver lesions, but should always be used in conjunction with traditional dynamic MRI since there is great overlap between ADC values of benign and malignant lesions however it shows high sensitivity in diagnosing malignant lesions. So, it seems reasonable to use DWI in conjunction to conventional imaging. We can predict that with more scientific researches the use of DW imaging of the liver will become far more common and may replace routine multiphasic imaging approaches in the near future. Key words: MRI magnetic resonance imaging, DWI diffusion weighted imaging, ADC apparent diffusion coefficient, HFL hepatic focal lesions, SOR standard of reference, HCC hepatocellular carcinoma.

[A. Hejazy, S. Alwagdy and M. A. Abdelatif. Diffusion Weighted MRI in Characterization of Hepatic Focal Lesions. N Y Sci J 2017;10(7):10-14]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 2. doi:10.7537/marsnys100717.02.

Keywords: Diffusion; Weight; MRI; Characterization; Hepatic; Focal Lesion

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Echocardiographic Assessment of Right Ventricular Function in Normotensive Non Diabetic Hemodialysis Patients

Ahmed A. Saad¹, Sami H. Nouh², Magdy E. Mohamed¹, Nabil F. Hassan³, and Ibrahim A. Mohammed^1|

¹Department of Internal Medicine, Al Azhar University, Egypt

²Department of Cardiology, Al Azhar University, Egypt

³Department of Clinical Pathology, Al Azhar University, Egypt

ibrahim.arafa89@gmail.com

Abstract: Background: Heart is affected structurally and functionally in end-stage renal disease (ESRD). However, the data available about adverse effects of ESRD on right ventricle (RV) is scarce. We aimed to evaluate echocardiographic parameters of RV in normotensive, nondiabetic patients with ESRD undergoing hemodialysis (HD). Methods The study was conducted on 75 individuals classified into two groups: 50 patients with end stage renal disease on regular hemodialysis for more than one year (group one) nad 25 persons of normal individuals as control group (group two). All patients and control were subjected to full medical history, full clinical examination and laboratory investigations including Serum creatinine, complete blood count (CBC), C-reactive protein (CRP), fasting blood glucose levels, lipid profile (triglycerides and cholesterol), Serum calcium (CA), phosphorus (PO4), and intact parathyroid hormone (IPTH). Also M-mode and two dimensional images, pulsed and continuous wave Doppler, and tissue Doppler measurements were acquired from all subjects. Echocardiographic evaluation was performed in the days between HD dates of the patients. Results: RV fractional area change, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion, tricuspid E velocity, E/A ratio, tricuspid annular E^/velocity, and E^//A^/ ratio were lower in patients than controls (p < 0.001, p = 0.003, p = 0.007, p = 0.005, p < 0.001, and p = 0.034, respectively). However, RV diastolic area, E/E^/ ratio, and mean and systolic pulmonary artery pressure were higher in patients than controls (p < 0.001, p = 0.007, p = 0.005, p < 0.001, p = 0.006, respectively). Conclusions: RV systolic and diastolic functions of normotensive, nondiabetic HD patients are deteriorated as compared to healthy controls.

[Ahmed A. Saad, Sami H. Nouh, Magdy E. Mohamed, Nabil F. Hassan, and Ibrahim A. Mohammed. Echocardiographic Assessment of Right Ventricular Function in Normotensive Non Diabetic Hemodialysis Patients. N Y Sci J 2017;10(7):15-20]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 3. doi:10.7537/marsnys100717.03.

Keywords: hemodialysis, right ventricle, tissue Doppler echocardiography, myocardial performance index

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Prevalence of unexplained infertility in patients attending Qena general hospital

Yehia Abdel-Salam Wafa, Mohamed E. Hammour and Ahmed Hussein Ahmed Ali

Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University

Ayc01118226323@gmail.com

Abstract: Unexplained infertility refers to the absence of a definable cause for a couple's failure to achieve pregnancy after 12 months of attempting conception despite a thorough evaluation. Infertility is a common problem in all population groups, and for those who are affected it can become a major tragedy and can lead to significant psychological and physical disturbances. It is important to know about the prevalence of the various factors causing infertility. We assessed all patients attending infertility clinic during the period of study to exclude any patient having organic cause of infertility and select our patients for the study.

[Yehia Abdel-Salam Wafa, Mohamed E. Hammour and Ahmed Hussein Ahmed Ali. Prevalence of unexplained infertility in patients attending Qena general hospital. N Y Sci J 2017;10(7):21-27]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 4. doi:10.7537/marsnys100717.04.

Key Words: Unexplained infertility – prevalance of Unexplained infertility – diagnostic laparoscopy in Unexplained infertility – male and female work up of Unexplained infertility

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Knowledge, Attitudes and Willingness to Practice of Personalized Medicine among Primary Health Care Physicians in Kafr el-Sheikh Governorate in Egypt

Mohammed Rabei¹, Abd AL-Aziz Kamal² and Ahmed Eltobgy¹

¹Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt

²Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt

mohammedrabei_2010@yahoo.com

Abstract: Introduction: Personalized Medicine (PM) has been developed as an approach to disease treatment and prevention that seeks to maximize effectiveness by taking into account individual variability in genes, environment, and lifestyle. It has the ability to classify individuals into subpopulations that differ in their susceptibility to a particular disease or their response to a specific treatment. This perceptive will lead to more accurate diagnoses, more rational disease prevention strategies, better treatment selection, and the development of novel therapies. The widespread practice of PM requires efficient and competent primary health care physicians to deliver it with high quality based on their up-to-date knowledge, favorable attitudes and enthusiasm. Objectives: The study aimed to assess the degree of knowledge, extent of favorable attitudes and willingness to practice PM of primary health care physicians in Kafr el-Sheikh Governorate in Egypt. Methods: A cross-sectional analytical design was used to recruit 115 1ry health care physicians from 3 different districts chosen by the stratified random sampling technique in Kafr el-Sheikh Governorate in Egypt. The subjects were requested to complete a structured self-administered questionnaire. The questionnaire was designed and pretested to assess the relevant PM knowledge, attitudes and willingness of physicians regarding PM practice. The simple scoring system was used for knowledge assessment. Likert scale was used to measure the extent of attitudes towards PM. Assessment of willing to practice degree based on the use of forced-choice response scale (yes or no). Sufficient statistical analysis was done. The data was analyzed by using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21. The level of statistical significance was set at P<0.05. Results: All of the studied physicians (100%) did not receive any training on PM and/or genomic medicine. Their main source of knowledge (76%) was the internet. Unsatisfactory degree of PM knowledge was observed in 91.3% of them, while good favorable attitudes (14.4%) and willingness to PM practice (30.8%) have been detected among the studied physicians. Conclusion: Unfortunately the actual PM knowledge was deficient among primary health care physicians. Emphasizing on essential PM knowledge in basic and continuing medical education should be given a high priority. Meanwhile, realizing the favorable attitudes and good willingness of physicians towards the great potential of PM in quality improvement of patient's care are promising.

[Mohammed Rabei, Abd AL-Aziz Kamal and Ahmed Eltobgy. Knowledge, Attitudes and Willingness to Practice of Personalized Medicine among Primary Health Care Physicians in Kafr el-Sheikh Governorate in Egypt. N Y Sci J 2017;10(7):28-34]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 5. doi:10.7537/marsnys100717.05.

Key Words: Personalized Medicine, Precision Medicine, Genomics, KAP Studies

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Clinical significance of glycated haemoglobin in Egyptian patients presented in acute phase of ST elevation myocardial infarction

Ahmed S. Mohamed, Elsayed Abd. Mohamed, Ali I. Attia, and Mohamed M. Ali

Department of Cardiology, Benha Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt.

ahmed_ahmed_ahmed2007@yahoo.com

Abstract: In population-based studies, including diabetic and nondiabetic cohorts, glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) has been reported as an independent predictor of all cause and cardiovascular disease mortality. Data on the prognostic role of HbA1c in patients with acute myocardial infarction (MI) are not univocal since they stem from studies which mainly differ in patients’ selection criteria, therapy (thrombolysis vs mechanical revascularization) and number consistency. The present review is focused on available evidence on the prognostic significance of HbA1c measured in the acute phase in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) submitted to primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). We furthermore highlighted the role of HbA1c as a screening tool for glucose intolerance inpatients with STEMI. According to available evidence, in contemporary cohorts of STEMI patients submitted to mechanical revascularization, HbA1c does not seem to be associated with short and long term mortality rates. However, HbA1c may represent a screening tool for glucose intolerance from the early phase on in STEMI patients. On a pragmatic ground, an HbA1c test has several advantages over fasting plasma glucose or an oral glucose tolerance test in an acute setting. The test can be performed in the non-fasting state and reflects average glucose concentration over the preceding2-3 mo. We therefore proposed an algorithm based on pragmatic grounds which could be applied in STEMI patients without known diabetes in order to detect glucose intolerance abnormalities from the early phase. The main advantage of this algorithm is that it may help in tailoring the follow-up program, by helping in identifying patients at risk for the development of glucose intolerance after MI. Further validation of this algorithm in prospective studies may be required in the contemporary STEMI population to resolve some of these uncertainties around HbA1c screening cutoff points. Methods: 100 patients from the attendants of the cardiology department who were admitted with STEMI without known history of diabetes and HBA1C was done in first hour of admission, patients were classified in three groups according to HBA1C < 5.7 & 5.7 to 6.4 & > 6.4. Results: Mortality was statistically significant in patient group with HBA1C above 6.4 with p value (0.006). Mean HBA1C was highly significant in patients with mortality than patients without mortality patients by mean HBA1C in mortality group 7.05 with SD (0.07) while in patient group without mortality mean HBA1C was 6.48 % with SD (0.47) with P value (0.006). Conclusion: Higher HbA1c level should be considered for risk stratification of patients presented by acute STEMI who are amenable to primary PCI. So aggressive management of those high risk patients is mandatory. The present study shows that admission higher HbA1c level in patients presented by acute STEMI is associated with more severe CAD, lower ST-segment resolution, lower rate of complete revascularization TIMI 3 and higher incidence of mortality.

[Ahmed S. Mohamed, Elsayed Abd. Mohamed, Ali I. Attia, and Mohamed M. Ali. Clinical significance of glycated haemoglobin in Egyptian patients presented in acute phase of ST elevation myocardial infarction. N Y Sci J 2017;10(7):35-44]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 6. doi:10.7537/marsnys100717.06.

Key words: Diabetes, myocardial infarction, HBA1C. Glycated hemoglobin; ST-elevation myocardial infarction; Prognosis; Hyperglycemia; Glucose intolerance.

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Disease Pattern of Patient Admissions in the Urology Department, Al-Hussein University Hospital: A retrospective study of 1000 cases

Mostafa Yahya, Ismail Khalaf, Sabry Khaled and Elsayed Salih

Department of urology, Al-Azhar university Hospitals, Cairo, Egypt

dr_mattya2009@yahoo.com

Abstract: Purpose: To determine the types of urologic diseases among 1000 consecutive admissions to Urology Department, at Al-Azhar University Al- Hussein Hospital. Demography and disease pattern of this admission were determined. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study included 1000 case (nearly complete data) who were admitted to Urology Department at Al Hussein Hospital Al-Azhar University in the period between 1990 and 2005. Collected clinical, radiological, operative and demographical data will be uploaded in an excel sheet and transferred to SPSS. Categorical variables are expressed in numbers and percentage while continuous variable are defined in terms in means and standard deviation. Consecutive 1000 cases will be collected into the study. The main items of the results will be expressed in the following categories according to diagnosis. Results: Among whole cases under study: The age groups were classified into two main groups; children group (205 cases, with mean age 6.15 years) and adult group (795 cases, with mean age 49.6 years) with male to female ratio = 76:24. Cases in our study were categorized according to diagnosis into main categories as following, bladder cancer, prostate cancer, kidney cancer, male reproductive health, pediatric urology, BPH & LUTS, trauma, uretheral diseases, urinary tract infection, urinary incontinence, urolithasis. Conclusions: Medical statistics is very important in medical field as it facilitates assessment and follow up of the patient. Hospital admission data can be a valuable tool for assessing the epidemiology of diseases within populations.

[Mostafa Yahya, Ismail Khalaf, Sabry Khaled and Elsayed Salih. Disease Pattern of Patient Admissions in the Urology Department, Al-Hussein University Hospital: A retrospective study of 1000 cases. N Y Sci J 2017;10(7):45-47]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 7. doi:10.7537/marsnys100717.07.

Keywords: Disease; Pattern; Patient; Admission; Urology; case

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Role of Duplex as a prognostic value for favorable outcome in patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke

Mahmoud Mohamed Abdel Sayed ^[1], Khaled Mohamed Sobh ^[2], Talaal Abdallah Mohamed ^[3], Ibrahim Mahmoud Abdalla ^[4]

^[1] Professor of Neurology (Faculty of Medicine Azhar University), Egypt

^[2] Assistant Professor of Neurology (Faculty of Medicine Azhar University), Egypt

^[3] Lecturer of Neurology (Faculty of Medicine Azhar University), Egypt

^[4] Neurology Resident (Faculty of Medicine Azhar University), Egypt

Dr.ibrahim.sharaf@gmail.com

Abstract: Background and Purpose: To determine the distribution of steno-occlusive arterial disease in patients with stroke using Doppler and to show their impact on applying the guidelines for care and consequently to show their role in predicting the stroke prognosis and outcome. Aim Of Work: To describe the prevalence and severity of steno-occlusive disease of the extracranial arteries and intracranial arteries as well as the collaterals in Egyptian patients with stroke using Duplex and study their reflection on complications, clinical state and stroke prognosis and outcome and to provide an insight about the prognostic value of Duplex in outcome prediction of acute stroke patients. Methods: patients will be admitted in neurology department of Al-Azhar University Hospitals (Al-Hussein and Bab-Al Sharea Hospitals), during the study period from march 2016 to May 2017, with diagnosis of acute cerebrovascular stroke, they will be subjected to full clinical assessment with history and examination and NIHSS score and MMSE score at time of admission, radiologic assessment by computerized tomography, Duplex and reevaluation after 15 days. Results: analysis of prognosis using NIHSS values and MMSE values in different groups presenting with acute ischemic cerebrovascular stroke correlated well with sonographic findings and better prognosis could be predicted in the presence of normal sonographic findings. Conclusion: the outcome of acute cerebrovascular stroke can be predicted by duplex and associated risk factors and the premorbid condition of the patient.

[Mahmoud Mohamed Abdel Sayed, Khaled Mohamed Sobh, Talaal Abdallah Mohamed, Ibrahim Mahmoud Abdalla. Role of Duplex as a prognostic value for favorable outcomein patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke. N Y Sci J 2017;10(7):48-57]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 8. doi:10.7537/marsnys100717.08.

Keywords: Role; Duplex; prognostic; value; patient; Acute; Ischemic; Stroke

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Channel Form Prediction Of Chinda Creek: A Critical Factor To Sustainable Management Of Flood Disaster In Port Harcourt, Niger Delta Nigeria.

Oyegun C.U¹; chukwu-Okeah Gift O¹ & Nwankwoala H.O²

¹Department of Geography & Environmental Management, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria

²Department of Geology, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria

giftchukwuokeah@yahoo.com

Abstract: Flooding have been identified by different scholars as a major challenge facing many communities in Rivers State, Nigeria, hence this study examines the role of water bodies in the control and management of flood. The study was conducted in Chinda Creek in Ogbogoro section of the New Calabar River, Niger Delta Nigeria. Measurement of study variables was done, this was to identify the influence of velocity, sediment yield, depth and discharge on channel morphology. The channel length measured643.275m and was divided into 30 sample points were measurement of the study variables were taken. The result from the correlation revealed that channel morphology of Chinda Creek is significantly correlated with discharge and depth. Nevertheless, it has positive correlation with velocity, bed load and suspended sediment load but their correlation were not significant. Multiple regression analysis was used and the results showed that only two variables discharge and velocity entered the regression equation as they both provided 94.8% explanation for the variation in channel morphology. Hence the study recommends planned sand mining of the creek to increase its capacity for discharge as well as serve as a flood control mechanism in Ogbogoro community, Port Harcourt noting its role in the control of flood within the rural catchment.

[Oyegun C.U; chukwu-Okeah Gift O & Nwankwoala H.O. Channel Form Prediction Of Chinda Creek: A Critical Factor To Sustainable Management Of Flood Disaster In Port Harcourt, Niger Delta Nigeria. N Y Sci J 2017;10(7):58-63]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 9. doi:10.7537/marsnys100717.09.

Keywords: flood, disaster, management, sustainability, channel, prediction

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Evaluation of new modalities in the treatment of refractory over active bladder

Maha Mohammed Elzamek, Ahmed Gamaleldeen Abdelraoof, Mostafa Ezzeldeen Abdelmagid, Ahmed Fahim Abd EL Rahim, Abul-Fotouh Ahmed

Urology department, Faculty of medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt

Maha_201001@yahoo.com

Abstract: Aim of the work: To evaluate the efficacy & drawbacks of treating refractory OAB by using either intradetrusor injection of botulinum neurotoxin type A versus percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation using patch or needle electrodes. Patients and methods: A prospective review of 40 patients with refractory overactive bladder. The patients included in the study were submitted to full history taking, neurological examination, laboratory investigation and urodynamic studies. Results: Improvement in diurnal frequency (69.1%) 1month post injection, then the improvement decreased gradually to nearly the pre- treatment 12m. post- treatment. Improvement in nocturnal frequency (54.6%) 1 month post injection, then the improvement decreased gradually to nearly the pre- treatment 12m. post- treatment. Dramatic improvement in urgency (83.3%) 1m. and 3m. post injection, then improvement decreased gradually to nearly the pre-treatment 12m. posttreatment. The post voiding volume increased post Botox injection, but not increased post percutaneous PTN and transcutaneous PTN. By percutaneous PTN there were Improvement in diurnal frequency (63.2%) 1month post sessions, then the improvement decreased gradually to nearly the pre- treatment 12m. post- treatment. Improvement in nocturnal frequency (28.9%) 1 month post sessions, then the improvement decreased sharply to nearly the pre- treatment 12m. post- treatment. Dramatic improvement in urgency (83.3%) 1m. and 3m. post sessions, then improvement decreased gradually to nearly the pre-treatment 12m. posttreatment. By transcutaneous PTN there was: Improvement in diurnal frequency (70%) 1month post sessions, then the improvement decreased gradually to nearly the pre- treatment 12m. post- treatment. Improvement in nocturnal frequency (43.4%) 1 month post sessions, then the improvement decreased sharply to nearly the pre- treatment 12m. post- treatment. Dramatic improvement in urgency (75%) 1m. and 3m. post sessions, then improvement decreased gradually to nearly the pre-treatment 12m. post-treatment. Conclusion: The statistically significant efficacy of Botox injection and PTNS is achieved to improve frequency, nocturia, urgency, voided volume and urge incontinence Botox in effective in diabetics while PTNS therapy is safe and effective in treating OAB symptoms but three types had 12 ms effect only and patient need to repeat treatment.

[Maha Mohammed Elzamek, Ahmed Gamaleldeen Abdelraoof, Mostafa Ezzeldeen Abdelmagid, Ahmed Fahim Abd EL Rahim, Abul-Fotouh Ahmed. Evaluation of new modalities in the treatment of refractory over active bladder. N Y Sci J 2017;10(7):64-67]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 10. doi:10.7537/marsnys100717.10.

Keywords: Evaluation; modalities; treatment; refractory; over active bladder

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The Possible Curative Role of Fresh Cabbage Juice on Ethanol Induced Gastric Mucosal Injury in Adult Male albino Rat: Histological and Ultra Structural Study.

Walaa H. E. Hamed, Nesreen M. Omar, Wafaa S. H. Eid and Nawal A. Hasanin

Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt.

walaahamedhistology@yahoo.com

Abstract: Background: Gastric ulcer is the most common disorder of the stomach. Brassica oleracae (Cabbage) is a natural plant which has a protective effect on the gastro-intestinal mucosa. Aim of the work: This work aimed to assess the possible curative role of fresh cabbage juice on ethanol induced gastric mucosal injury. Materials and Methods: Fifty adult male albino rats randomly assigned into five groups were used. Group A1; received distilled water orally by gavage, daily, for one week. Group A2; given raw fresh cabbage juice 200 ml/kg body weight three times per day orally by gavage, for one week. Group B; given a single dose of ethanol 1 ml/ rat then, scarified after one hour. Group C; given a single dose of ethanol 1 ml/ rat and scarified after one week. Group D; given a single dose of ethanol 1 ml / rat orally by gavage followed by administration of raw fresh cabbage juice 200 ml/kg bodyweight three times per day orally by gavage, for one week. Specimens from the fundic mucosa were obtained and processed for light and electron microscopic studies. Statistical study of the ulcer area percent was done. Results: Intragastric application of ethanol induced severe mucosal injury, sloughing of mucosal surface cells and disturbed glandular architecture. By electron microscope the gastric mucosal cells showed variable degenerative changes. Surface mucous cells had irregular nucleus and damaged apical parts with variable sized mucous granules released into the lumen. Peptic cells demonstrated shrunken nucleus, dilated rER, lysosomes and few zymogen granules. Parietal cells also showed shrunken dense nucleus, dense mitochondria, dilated tubulovesicular system, lysosomes and many cytoplasmic vacuoles. Administration of fresh cabbage juice was associated with preserved gastric histoarchitecture. It also ameliorated the ultrastructural changes induced by ethanol in the fundic mucosal cells. This was accompanied by a significant reduction in the ulcer area percent. Conclusion: Fresh cabbage juice has a potent therapeutic efficacy in ethanol induced gastric mucosal injury.

[Walaa H. E. Hamed, Nesreen M. Omar, Wafaa S. H. Eid and Nawal A. Hasanin. The Possible Curative Role of Fresh Cabbage Juice on Ethanol Induced Gastric Mucosal Injury in Adult Male albino Rat: Histological and Ultra Structural Study. N Y Sci J 2017;10(7):68-78]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 11. doi:10.7537/marsnys100717.11.

Key words: gastritis, ethanol, cabbage, ultrastructure, stomach

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Growth, Flowering, Yield and Oil Characteristics of Picual Olives as Affected by Foliar Application of Vitamins and Amino Acids

Hussein, H.M. Saied¹ and Mohamed, A. Hussein²

¹ Hort. Dept. Fac. of Agric. Aswan Univ. Egypt

²Hort. Dept. Fac. of Agric. Souhag Univ., Egypt.

Abstract: During 2014 and 2015 seasons, Picual olive trees subjected three times with vitamins B₆ and B₁₂ each at 100 ppm and/ or amino acids/ (glutamic and asparatic acids) each at 0.1%. The target was examining the effect of these vitamins and amino acids on growth, flowering, fruit setting, yield as well as fruit and oil characteristics. Single and combined applications of vitamins B₆ and B₁₂ each at 100 ppm and amino acids namely glutamic and asparatic acids each at 0.1% were superior than non- application in enhancing all growth, flowering, fruit setting, yield as well as fruit and oil characteristics. Using amino acids was superior than using vitamins. Combined applications were preferable than using each material alone. For promoting yield as well as fruit and oil characteristics of Picual olive trees, it is suggested to use a mixture of vitamins B₆ and B₁₂ each at 100 ppm plus two amino acids namely glutamic acid and asparatic acid each at 0.1% three times.

[Hussein, H.M. Saied and Mohamed, A. Hussein. Growth, Flowering, Yield and Oil Characteristics of Picual Olives as Affected by Foliar Application of Vitamins and Amino Acids. N Y Sci J 2017;10(7):79-85]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 12. doi:10.7537/marsnys100717.12.

Keywords: Picual olive cv, vitamins B and amino acids

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Behavior of Superior Grapevines to Some Humic Acid, EM and Weed Control Treatments

Farouk H. Abdelaziz¹; Emad A. H. El-Mamlouk²; and Mohamed A.H. Sultan¹

¹Hort. Dept. Fac. of Agric. Minia Univ, Egypt; ²Organic Agric. Lab, ARC, Giza, Egypt

Abstract: This study was carried out during 2014 and 2015 seasons to investigate the effect of using humic acid and/or EM each at 10 ml/vine and some weed control treatments (Mulching with black or blue polyethylene sheets, sawdust mulches, hand hoeing or chemical control with glyphosate) on controlling weeds and improving yield and berries quality of Superior grapevines. Using EM and/or humic acid and controlling weeds with mulching (black or blue polyethylene sheets, sawdust, chemical and hand hoeing) was very effective in controlling weeds and stimulating growth, yield and quality of the berries relative to the check treatment. The best weed control means was soil mulching specially with black polyethylene sheets followed by hand hoeing and chemical agent with glyphosate occupied the last position in this respect. Soil mulching with black polyethylene sheets for two months in combined with supplying the vines with EM and humic acid each at 10 ml/vine gave satisfactory control of weeds and was responsible for improving yield and quality of the berries in Superior vineyards.

[Farouk H. Abdelaziz; Emad A. H. El-Mamlouk and Mohamed A.H. Sultan. Behavior of Superior Grapevines to Some Humic Acid, EM and Weed Control Treatments. N Y Sci J 2017;10(7):86-101]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 13. doi:10.7537/marsnys100717.13.

Keywords: EM, Humic acid, Weeds, Hand hoeing, mulching, yield, berries quality, Superior grapevines.

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Theoretical Study Of Energy Gap Of Metals And Linear Deformation

Adesakin G. E.

Department of Physics, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria

G-mail of corresponding author: adesakingbenga@gmail.com

Abstract: The effects of deformation on the energy gap of different elemental metals were computed and studied based on envelop function formalism. The electron density parameters of deformed metals under the application of different strains were obtained for different metals. The poison ratio relating the transversal compression to elongation in the direction of applied deformation for different elemental metals were computed using elastic moduli for homogeneous isotropic material and used in this work. The results obtained revealed that there is a good agreement between the computed and experimental value. The experimental value used in this work is theoretically obtained by applying the experimental value of Fermi energy obtained from solid state physics by Charles Kittel to the model obtained for the energy gap of metals in this work. Metals in the region of high density limit have high energy gap which decreases towards the region of the low density limit. There is high electron concentration in the region of high density limit than the low density limit. This seems to suggest that metals in this region have high conductivity in nature. The energy gap of all the metals investigated decreases as deformation increases. These seems to suggest that as deformation increases the strength of interaction between the electron decreases which forces the energy gap of the metals to decrease as deformation increases. The trend exhibited by metals in this work revealed that the energy gap of metals is greatly affected by deformation.

[Adesakin G. E. Theoretical Study Of Energy Gap Of Metals And Linear Deformation. N Y Sci J 2017;10(7):102-108]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 14. doi:10.7537/marsnys100717.14.

Keywords: deformation, energy gap, semiconductor, poison ratio, insulator, conductor, valence electron

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Measurement of Some biochemical markers in hepatitis C virus cirrhotic patients complicated by hepatocellular carcinoma before and after liver transplantation

Reda ELsebaei M. ¹, Moustafa A. El-Shazly ², Mohamed S. Abdel-Aziz ³, Aamer M. Abdel-Hamed⁴ and Medhat M. Darwish⁴

¹Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar university Cairo, Egypt.

²Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine Cairo University, Egypt.

³Department of tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Cairo University, Egypt.

⁴Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Damietta, Egypt.

meed7atdaarwish@gmail.com

Abstract: (HCC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide with the characteristics of high mortality and the overall poor prognosis. (HCC) grows rapidly and frequently associates with vascular invasion, metastasis, recurrence, and poor prognosis. HCC is the fifth most common human cancer and the third leading cause of cancer death worldwide One of the main causes of this increase is the increased infection with HCV and its complication cirrhosis which is the most powerful risk factor for development of HCC. About HCV there are 170 million chronic carriers worldwide. Chronic hepatitis C frequently exhibits an insidious course of disease marked by progressive liver injuries that progress, often over several decades, from fibrosis to cirrhosis and, ultimately, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Screening of each patient with cirrhosis of the liver regardless of etiology is of primordial importance for the detection of tumors in the initial stages of development. Tumor depend on angiogenesis for growth and metastasis in a hostile environment. At early stages of carcinogenesis, VEGF acts as an important tumor angiogenesis signal. VEGF is the best investigated angiogenic factor in HCC. Concentration of circulating VEGF increases with advancing HCC stage, the highest levels being in patients with metastasis. liver transplantation provides life-saving therapy for patients with end-stage organ disease. Cancer risk is elevated in transplant recipients, largely due to loss of immune control of oncogenic viruses arising from immunosuppressive medications administered to prevent organ rejection. In this study, the plasma levels of VEGF were assayed in fifty individuals classified into three groups: HCC patients (group I) which comprised twenty HCV infected patients with localized HCC who will undergo liver transplantation VEGF assayed in these patients three times (a) before transplantation, (b) six months after transplantation (c) twelve months after transplantation (c) subgroup divided into two categories (c1) patients who develop no recurrences & (c2) patients who develop recurrence, group II which involved twenty HCV infected patients with (cirrhosis), group III involved ten apparently healthy volunteers. The obtained results of plasma level of VEGF, a significant increase was detected in localized (group Ia) as compared with group II and group III. Also, a significance was detected in VEGF levels in (group Ic2) as compared with (group Ic1), group II, and group III. also, a significant decrease in VEGF level was detected (group Ib) as compared with (group Ia) No other significant differences were detected between the studied groups. Regarding the correlation matrix, a positive correlation between VEGF and AFP in all groups with exception of group Ib whereas non-significant correlations were detected in. In conclusion, detection of serum VEGF and AFP has different significances; VEGF could be used as an indicator of the development of HCC in patients with liver cirrhosis during follow-up, to reflect the disease’s potential activity of vascular invasion and metastasis and predict HCC recurrence after treatment. Whereas, AFP is suggested to be used as a supplementary marker which may help early diagnosis of HCC, but not to detect circulating HCC cells. Therefore, combination of multiple markers may be more valuable in the diagnosis, prognosis and recurrence of HCC.

[Reda ELsebaei M., Moustafa A. El-Shazly, Mohamed S. Abdel-Aziz, Aamer M. Abdel-Hamed and Medhat M. Darwish. Measurement of Some biochemical markers in hepatitis C virus cirrhotic patients complicated by hepatocellular carcinoma before and after liver transplantation. N Y Sci J 2017;10(7):109-117]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 15. doi:10.7537/marsnys100717.15.

Key words: hepatitis C virus, cirrhotic patients, hepatocellular carcinoma, liver transplantation.

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Effect of Some Plant Oil and Amino Acid Treatments on Berries Colouration and Productivity of Flame Seedless Grapevines

Esraa, M.E. Hussein

Hort. Dept. Fac. of Agric. Aswan Univ. Egypt

Abstract: This study was carried out during 2016 and 2017 seasons to examine the effect of single and combined applications of four oils namely sesame seed, castor, sour almond and coconut each at 5 % and two amino acids namely methionine and tryptophan each at 0.1 % on some vegetative growth aspects, vine nutritional status, berry setting %, yield, berries colouration % and berries quality of Flame seedless grapevines. They were sprayed three times at growth start, just after berry setting and at one month later. Single and combined applications of the four plant oils (sesame seed, castor, sour almond and coconut) each at 5 % and the two amino acids (methionine and tryptophan) each at 0.1 % caused a positive stimulation on all growth aspects, vine nutritional status, yield, berries colouration % and quality of the berries over the control treatment. The best material in this respect was sesame seed oil followed by coconut oil and castor oil ranked the last position in this respect. Using plant oils was superior thanusing amino acids in this respect. The best results with regard to berries colouration %, yield and both physical and chemical characteristics of the berries were observed with treating Flame seedless grapevines three times with a mixture of sesame seed oil at 5 % plus tryptophan and methionine each at 0.1%.

[Esraa, M.E. Hussein. Effect of Some Plant Oil and Amino Acid Treatments on Berries Colouration and Productivity of Flame Seedless Grapevines. N Y Sci J 2017;10(7):118-125]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 16. doi:10.7537/marsnys100717.16.

Keywords: Flame seedless grapevines, oils of sesame seed, castor, sour almond, coconut, methionine, tryptophan, growth, yield, fruit quality.

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Productive Performance of Sewy Date Palms In Relation to Spraying Spirulina Platensis Algae, Plant Compost Tea, Salicylic Acid and Tocopherol

Mohamed A. Hussien

Hort. Dept. Fac. of Agric. Souhag Univ., Egypt.

Abstract: This study was carried out during 2015 and 2016 seasons to investigate the effect of spraying Spirulinaplatensis algae at 1%, plant compost tea at 10 %, salicylic acid and Tocopherol (vitamin E) each at 100 ppm on growth, palm nutritional status, yield and fruit quality of Sewy date palms grown under sandy soil. The selected palms (30 palms) received three sprays of these materials at the first week of March and at two month intervals. Single and combined applications of Spirulinaplatensis algae at 1%, plant compost tea at 10% as well as salicylic acid and Tocopherol each at 100 ppm materially was accompanied with enhancing all growth criteria, leaf pigments and nutrients, initial fruit setting %, fruit retention %, yield / palm, bunch weight, fruit weight and dimensions, T.S.S., total and reducing sugars % relative to the check treatment. A great decline on the percentages of titratable acidity, total crude fibre and total soluble tannins was observed due to application of the present treatments. The best materials in this respect were arranged as follows in descending order, Spirulinaplatensis algae, plant compost tea, salicylic acid and Tocopherol. An outstanding promotion was observed on yield and fruit quality of Sewy date palms grown under sandy soil was observed due to spraying the palms three times (1^st week of March, May and July) with a mixture of Spirulinaplatensis algae at 1 %, plant compost tea at 10 %, salicylic acid and Tocopherol each at 100 ppm.

[Mohamed A. Hussien. Productive Performance of Sewy Date Palms In Relation to Spraying Spirulina Platensis Algae, Plant Compost Tea, Salicylic Acid and Tocopherol. N Y Sci J 2017;10(7):126-135]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 17. doi:10.7537/marsnys100717.17.

Keywords: Sewy date palm cv., Spirulinaplatensis algae, plant compost tea, salicylic acid, Tocopherol, growth, yield and fruit quality.

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Comparative study On the Outcome of primary Pterygium Surgery using Bevacizumab versus Mitomycin C.

Mahmoud A. Kamal, M.D., Mohamed M. Said, MD, Mohamed A. Nasef, MD and Safa Abdulhamid M. Abdulhamid, M.Sc.

Department of ophthalmology, Faculty of medicine, Fayoum University, Egypt

sam18@fayoum.edu.eg, safaabdulhamid@yahoo.com

Abstract: Purpose: To Compare preoperative Subconjunctival Bevacizumab injection and Intraoperative Mitomycin C application On the Outcome of primary Pterygium Surgery. Patients and methods: Prospective, Randomized, Comparative Clinical Study was conducted on sixty eyes of sixty patients complaining of primary pterygium of variable duration. They were classified randomly into Two groups: Group (A) which received subconjunctival injection of bevacizumab 1.25 mg (0.05 mL) 2 weeks prior to surgery then was managed by pterygium excision with bare sclera technique, Group (B) which was managed by pterygium excision with bare sclera technique and Intraoperative application of Mitomycin C 0.02% for a duration of two minutes After medication administration, the ocular surface was copiously irrigated with balanced salt solution. Recurrence was considered when a fibro-vascular growth had occurred in the position of the previously excised pterygium crossing the limbus and extending onto the cornea for any distance. Results: Mean follow-up time was 8.99 months in Group (A), 6.63 in Group (B) (range, 2 – 11 months), and the recurrence rate was (36.7)% (11 of 30 eyes) in Group (A), (13.33)% (4 of 30 eyes) in Group (B). Conclusion: We concluded that a single preoperative subconjunctival injection of bevacizumab had decreased the recurrence rate after primary pterygium excision which seems to be marginally superior to bare sclera excision alone but does not give a more desirable recurrence rate, its use is associated with very little complications and high safty profile. Intraoperative application of Mitomycin C is effective in reducing the recurrence rate of primary pterygium but its use is associated with higher rate of postoperative complications which may be Vision-Threatening.

[Mahmoud A. Kamal, Mohamed M. Said, Mohamed A. Nasef, and Safa A. Mahmoud. Comparative study On the Outcome of primary Pterygium Surgery using Bevacizumab versus Mitomycin C. N Y Sci J 2017;10(7):136-139]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 18. doi:10.7537/marsnys100717.18.

Keywords: Bevacizumab, Mitomycin C, Primary pterygium, recurrence rate

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Effect of Partial Replacement of Soybean Meal with Optigen on the Performance of Growing Lambs

Mahmoud, S.A.¹; M.M. Bendary²; N.M. Eweedah¹ and A.A. Srour³

¹Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Egypt

²Animal Production Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Egypt

³Production Sector, Agricultural Research Center, Egypt

srour21@yahoo.com

Abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of partial replacement of soybean meal (SBM) as traditional source of protein with optigen as slow-release urea in rations of growing lambs on growth performance, ruminal fermentation, digestibility and economical efficiency. Twenty four Rahmani lambs with average initial live body weight (LBW) of 25.97±0.07 kg were divided into three similar groups (8 in each). All lambs were fed rations composed 2% of their LBW concentrate feed mixture (CFM) plus 1% of LBW clover hay (CH). Lambs in the control group were fed the control ration without optigen (R₁), while in the other groups, optigen was supplemented at levels of 0.9 and 1.8% of CFM instead of 15.81 and 31.07% of the protein content of CFM used for R₂ and R₃, respectively. Chemical composition of tested rations were nearly similar in their contents of all nutrients. The highest (P<0.05) digestibility of all nutrients and nutritive values were recorded for R2, while control ration (R₁) showed the lowest values and R3 achieved intermediated values. No significant differences were observed among tested rations and sampling times for ruminal pH values, expect R₂ recorded significant difference between sampling time. While TVFA's and NH₃-N concentrations were significantly (P<0.05) differ among the different rations and sampling times. The DMI was nearly similar for different groups, while TDN, DCP and DE intake were significantly higher (P<0.05) in 2^nd group compared with control, whereas 3^rd group recorded intermediate values. Final body weight, total and daily weight gain were significantly higher (P<0.05) with R₂ compared to R₁ and R₃. However, feed conversion ratio did not significantly difference for the different rations. Rations contained different levels of optigen achieved significantly (P<0.05) higher economic efficiency than control ration. It could be concluded that the inclusion of optigen at level of 0.9% in CFM in the diet of growing lambs were more economical efficiency and can be used to replace a part of soybean meal without any adverse effect on their performance.

[Mahmoud, S.A.; M.M. Bendary; N.M. Eweedah and A.A. Srour. Effect of Partial Replacement of Soybean Meal with Optigen on the Performance of Growing Lambs. N Y Sci J 2017;10(7):140-146]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 19. doi:10.7537/marsnys100717.19.

Keywords: Optigen, Rahmani lambs, growth performance and digestibility

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Subsurface Structure and Hydrocarbon Evaluation of Ras Kanayes Area, Western Desert, Egypt

Abd Elhady, M. A.¹, Fathy, M.¹, Ghaly, A. ² and Mahfouz, M.¹

¹Geology Department, Faculty of Science, Al Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.

²Apache Petroleum Company, Cairo, Egypt

Mohamad.mahfoudh@gmail.com, mmahfouz71@yahoo.com

Abstract: Ras Kanayes Oil Field is located at the north western Desert. The Middle Jurassic Khatatba Formation and Lower Cretaceous Alam El Bueib 5B Member is considered to be a good reservoir in the study area. The present work mainly deals with the interpretation of geological and geophysical data to evaluate the hydrocarbon potentials of Alam El Bueib and Khatatba reservoir in Ras Kanayes Oil Field. Isopach, lithofacies and structural maps are constructed to study the subsurface configuration of the study area based on the well-log correlations and seismic interpretation. Wire-line logs, from four drilled wells in the study area are interpreted for petrophysical evaluation. Analytical reservoir rock analysis includes achieving the shale content (Vsh), effective pomrosity (Øeff), water and hydrocarbon saturation (Shr & Sw), and net-pay thickness variation. Also, the vertical and horizontal variations of reservoir parameters are studied through constructing the litho-saturation cross plots and iso-parametric maps of the study area. As a result of the present study, using the subsurface and petrophysical evaluation, the hydrocarbon potentials of the Middle Jurassic Khatatba Formation and Lower Cretaceous Alam El Bueib 5B Member in Alam El Bueib Formation in Ras Kanayes Oil Fields is determined. A new locations is recommended to be a prospect in the study area.

[Abd Elhady, M. A., Fathy, M., Ghaly, A. and Mahfouz, M. Subsurface Structure and Hydrocarbon Evaluation of Ras Kanayes Area, Western Desert, Egypt. N Y Sci J 2017;10(7):147-159]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 20. doi:10.7537/marsnys100717.20.

Keywords: subsurface; structure; hydrocarbon; evaluation; Ras Kanayes Area; Western Desert; Egypt

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