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Decomposition of rabbit carcasses in different habitats at Jeddah city, kingdom of Saudi Aarabia

Layla A.H. Al-Shareef and Mashel M.F. Almazyad

Faculty of Science-Al Faisaliah, King Abdulaziz University, Ministry of Education, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Layladr@hotmail.com

Abstract: Three different habits were chosen to carry out this study; agriculture, desert and coastal habitats in Jeddah city, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia at autumn-winter season, during the period from 28 November 2015 to 7 January 2016. Rabbits were killed by cutting trachea, and then used as animal models in the experiment. Stages of decomposition were observed. Weather data; ambient temperature, relative humidity and rainfall rate were recorded during period of study. Duration of carcass decomposition and rate of decomposition at all stages were determined in each different habitat. The duration of carcass decomposition in desert habitat was longer than in both agriculture and coastal habitats. There was a significant difference in the rate of decomposition between different stages within a habitat, but the rate of decomposition between habitats was not different significantly.

[Layla A.H. Al-Shareef and Mashel M.F. Almazyad. Decomposition of rabbit carcasses in different habitats at Jeddah city, kingdom of Saudi Aarabia. N Y Sci J 2017;10(4):1-8]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 1. doi:10.7537/marsnys100417.01.

Keywords: Carcass decomposition, decomposition stages, Jeddah, rabbit carcass.

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Nonlinear Finite Element Analysis of Seismic Performance of Edge Slab-column Connections in R.C. Buildings

Prof. Dr. Abd El-Rahman Megahid Ahmed¹, Dr. Omar A. Farghal^1, Dr. Abbas Mostafa², Eng. Mohamed Samier Sebaq³

¹Civil Engineering Dept. Faculty of Engineering, Assuit University, Assuit, Egypt

²Civil Engineering Dept. Faculty of Engineering, Minia University, Minia, Egypt

³Housing and Building National Research Center, Giza, Egypt

Sebaq2020@yahoo.com

Abstract: R.C. flat-slab system is one of the most practical and commonly used structural systems in Egypt and many other countries. However, edge slab-column connections could pose a significant problem due to their brittle failure under punching mode around the perimeter of the column. Most codes provisions for the design of reinforced concrete flat-slabs are based on empirical formulations derived from experimental. The available test database consists of divergent types of slabs in some cases; it is limited due to the extensive cost and difficulty of a punching shear test to be carried out experimentally. Thus, there is a need for verification of the actual codes provisions, which can be simulated by finite element analysis (FEA). The FEA can replace accurately the experimental testing and can be used for parametric investigation, since they can indicate the effect of different aspects on punching shear failure, leading to possible recommendations for the design codes. In this paper, three-dimensional FEA of reinforced concrete edge slab-column connections are carried out using by ABAQUS Software ^[1], implementing the concrete damaged plasticity model is presented. The appropriate calibration of the connection model is performed in this study based on edge slab-column connections tests available. A parametric study on the seismic performance of edge slab-column connection using the key material and geometric parameters is performed in this investigation. The main parameters considered are column aspect ratio and steel slab reinforcement ratio. Generally, ACI 318-2014^[2] and ECP203-2007^[3] codes provisions appear to be conservative and underestimate the punching shear of flat-slabs.

[Abd El-Rahman Megahid Ahmed, Omar A. Farghal, Abbas Mostafa, Mohamed Samier Sebaq. Nonlinear Finite Element Analysis of Seismic Performance of Edge Slab-column Connections in R.C. Buildings. N Y Sci J 2017;10(4):9-18]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 2. doi:10.7537/marsnys100417.02.

Keywords: Punching shear; Slab-column connections and Seismic performance

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Evaluation Of Porous Asphalt Mixtures Stabilized By Cellulose Fibers

Prof. Dr. Mohamed Basiouny¹ Dr. Mohamed. S. Eisa² and Eng. Elsayed Adel Elsayed³

¹Associate Professor, Civil Engineering Dept. Benha Faculty of Engineering, Benha University, Benha, Egypt

²Teacher, Civil Engineering Dept. Benha Faculty of Engineering, Benha University, Benha, Egypt

³Civil Engineer, B.Sc. Benha Faculty of Engineering, Benha University, Benha, Egypt

eng.eslam.1991.ea@gmail.com

Abstract: Open graded friction course (OGFC) or porous asphalt is an open-graded Hot mixed asphalt (HMA) mixture with interior voids which provides improved surface drainage during rainfall. In addition to maximizing the skid resistance during rainfall, the OGFC offers many advantages compared to other dense-graded surfaces such as reducing vehicle splatter and spray behind vehicles, enhancing visibility of pavement markings, reducing nighttime surface flashiness in wet weather. The combination of open-grading for aggregates, low fillers, and high asphalt contents can lead to an increase in the proportion of drain down that draining the asphalt binder from a mix during transportation and lay down. The leading countries in paving by OGFC have chosen mineral fibers over organic fibers because of the fear that organic fibers (cellulose) would absorb water and lead to moisture problems in the field and decrease the stability of mixtures. The study required preparing OGFC mixes with both cellulose and mineral fibers and performing many Performance measuring tests and found out the optimum content of cellulose fiber in OGFC. Results indicated that cellulose fibers performed as mineral fibers in OGFC mixes and better than mineral fibers if a cement dust additives added to cellulose fibers.

[Mohamed Basiouny, Mohamed. S. Eisa, and Elsayed Adel Elsayed. Evaluation Of Porous Asphalt Mixtures Stabilized By Cellulose Fibers. N Y Sci J 2017;10(4):19-26]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 3. doi:10.7537/marsnys100417.03.

Keywords: Porous asphalt, Binder draindown, mineral fiber, Cellulose fiber, Cement dust, Open grading and Asphalt performance measuring tests.

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Paraoxonase activity and gene polymorphism in colorectal cancer Egyptian patients

Hussein M. Eldeeb^1,2*, Nagwa S. Ahmed³, Saadeldin Abdelfattah⁴, Abdelzaher M. H¹, Mohammad, Mohammad M. Abolfotoh¹, Hassan Y. Ahmed¹, Mohammed H. Hassan⁵.

¹ Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Alzhar University, Assiut, Egypt.

² Medical Biochemistry Department Collage of pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraidah Saudi Arabia

³ Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt.

⁴ Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta, University, Tanta, Egypt.

⁵Department of Medical Biochemistry, Qena Faculty of Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt.

husseineldeeb@qumed.edu.sa

Abstract: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common cause of death worldwide, and represents the third most common form of cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related death in the world. Human paraoxanase (PON1) is a Ca-dependent esterase synthesized in liver and related to high density lipoprotein (HDL) and protecting low density lipoprotein (LDL) by hydrolysis of lipid peroxides. This study aimed to evaluate the relation between CRC and PON1 enzyme activity and polymorphism. Fifty patients of both sexes diagnosed as CRC patients along with eighty healthy persons of matchable age and sex were enrolled in the study. The circulating levels of serum level of lipid profile, PON1 and Aryl esterase (ARE) enzymes were determined by spectrophotometer assays. PON1 gene polymorphism was done using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. The present work showed significant reduction of the serum levels of HDL and triglycerides (TG) concomitant with significant elevation of the serum level of LDL in patients compared to controls. Plasma total cholesterol (TC) shows no significance difference between patients and controls. As regard PON1 gene polymorphism, the present study demonstrated that, the QQ genotype was the most frequent among the CRC patients and the controls (60%), followed by QR genotype (32%). The RR was the least frequent genotype in the two populations (8%). These finding indicated that the serum PON1 and ARE activities were significantly lower in CRC patients compared to healthy subjects concomitant with significant increase in the serum level of LDL and significant reduction of HDL and TG. Also there were significant difference of genotype distribution of PON1 between patients and control groups. These observations suggested the hypothesis that defects in the antioxidant system capacity and altered PON 1 activity may be involved in the pathogenesis of CRC.

[Hussein M. Eldeeb, Nagwa S. Ahmed, Saadeldin Abdelfattah, Abdelzaher M. H, Mohammad, Mohammad Abolfotoh, Hassan Y. Ahmed and Mohammed H. Hassan. Paraoxonase activity and gene polymorphism in colorectal cancer Egyptian patients. N Y Sci J 2017;10(4):27-36]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 4. doi:10.7537/marsnys100417.04.

Key words: CRC, PON1 polymorphism, ARE enzymes and lipid profile

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Seismicity Relocations around the Sinai Peninsula, northeast of Egypt: Contribution of regional seismic networks

Ahmad M. Faried¹, Ahmed Hosny¹, Abd El-Naser A. Helal², Mahmoud S. El-Hadidy¹, Hani M. Zahran³, O. Novotný⁴ and Karam S. Farag²

¹Seismology department, National Research Institute of Astronomy and Geophysics (NRIAG), Helwn, Cairo, Egypt

²Geophysics Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.

³Saudi Geological Survey, National Center for Earthquakes and Volcanoes, Jeddah 21514, Saudi Arabia

⁴Department of Geophysics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Praha 8, Prague, Czech Republic

geo_eagle@live.com

Abstract: The area around Sinai Peninsula (including Gulf of Aqaba, Gulf of Suez, and Northern Red Sea) is considered as the most active seismic region due to its complicated geologic structures. In this area, the recent seismic activity for a period from 1997 to 2014 (1445 events) recorded by the Egyptian National seismic network (ENSN), the Saudi Arabia seismic network (SASN) and some stations located in Palestine have been relocated. Three techniques were applied for improving the seismicity locations, least square method, the Wadati diagram method, and the Probability method for the determination of earthquake epicenters. Since the waveforms of the ENSN were available, re-picking for the seismic phases was implemented via least square method to minimize the time residuals of the picked seismic phases. For the all seismic data used, physical tests for the arrivals of the P and S phases was performed using the Wadati method to obtain more reliable phase picking. The final locations were obtained using the Hypoinverse program, applying the Probability method for the determination of earthquake epicenters. The average horizontal dislocation in epicenters was measured at ~13 Km, the average Vertical dislocation in Hypocenters was ~8 Km. The relocations have been improved and revealed cluster of seismic activity around the triple junction area, particularly at the opining areas of Gulf of Suez and Gulf of Aqaba. The relocated seismicity was centered on the active faults cutting the study area. When compared with previous studies conducted on the same area, our results give good locations of seismic activity relate to the tectonic setting of the study region, since more arrivals of different networks were used. The output of this study is considered a new contribution for further seismic hazard studies by providing a more precise seismic catalogue of the instrumentally recorded events in the study region from 1997 to 2014. Hence this provided catalogue may use for any other seismological applications in future.

[Ahmad M. Faried, Ahmed Hosny, Abd El-Naser A. Helal, Mahmoud S. El-Hadidy, Hani M. Zahran, O. Novotný, and Karam S. Farag.^. Seismicity Relocations around the Sinai Peninsula, northeast of Egypt: Contribution of regional seismic networks. N Y Sci J 2017;10(4):37-50]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 5. doi:10.7537/marsnys100417.05.

Keywords: Seismicity, Earthquakes, Sinai, Relocations, Wadati, Northeast of Egypt

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Effect of Manure Compost on Heavy Metal Translocation and Bio-Concentration Factors in Soils from an Old Municipal Dumpsite

Kehinde Olajide Erinle^{1, 2}*, Tolulope Yetunde Akande², Joseph Urhie², Tope Daniel Bitire³

^1. School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA 5005;

^2. School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China;

³. Agronomy Department, University of Ibadan, Nigeria

Kehinde.Erinle@adelaide.edu.au

Abstract: A study was conducted with Leucaena as the test crop to investigate the bioavailability of heavy metals (chromium and nickel) from dumpsite soil treated with manure compost. The application of manure increased number of leaves and plant biomass, compared to unamended controls. Generally, heavy metals were higher in the plant root than in the shoot. But application of manure decreased Cr concentration in the root below the control; contrarily, Ni was increased in roots of manure treated than control plants. Cr in the shoot did not differ significantly among the treatments, but increase in manure levels further decreased Ni concentration in the shoot, compared with the control plants. Metal translocation factor (TF) >1 was noted for Ni only in the control plants, but manure application decreased Ni translocation. Chromium translocation was generally <1. Bioconcentration factor (BCF) was generally <1, but higher for Ni than Cr. Hence, Leucaena might be suitable for phytoextraction of nickel, but application of manure could make Leucaena suitable for phytostabilization in a contaminated soil.

[Erinle KO, Akande TY, Urhie J, Bitire TD. Effect of Manure Compost on Heavy Metal Translocation and Bio-Concentration Factors in Soils from an Old Municipal Dumpsite. N Y Sci J 2017;10(4):51-59]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 6. doi:10.7537/marsnys100417.06.

Keywords: Manure; phytoremediation; heavy metals; translocation factor; bioconcentration factor

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Evaluation of Angiopoietin-2 Serum Level in Cirrhotic patients with High AFP with or without Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Shaban S. Abdelmonem¹, Ali I. Ali¹, Kamel S. Hamad ² and Ashraf M. Eid¹

¹Department of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Egypt.

²Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Egypt.

Abstract: Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide and the third most common cause of cancer-related death. Ang-2 values in patients with HCC suggesting that it might represent a useful marker for HCC and a complementary diagnostic tool Methods: This study was conducted on 74 patients, they were 47 male and 27 female and their ages were ranging from 36 to 78 years in Group1 and 31 to 70 years in Group 2. They were chosen from outpatient and inpatient of the Tropical medicine department in Shebin El – kom teaching hospital, in the period between February 2016 and February 2017. In addition, an informed consent was obtained before patients enter the study. They were divided into two groups: Group1 (HCC group): Included 60 patients with elevated AFP ( ≥ 200 ng/dl), HCC on top of liver cirrhosis. Group 2(liver cirrhosis group): Included 14 patients with elevated AFP ( ≥ 200ng / dl), liver cirrhosis without HCC. Results: The diagnostic accuracy of Ang-2 in detection of HCC was shown in receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve analyses. Regarding the diagnostic accuracy of Ang-2 analysis, area under the curve (AUC) was 87. At a cut off value 2215 pg/ml, serum Ang-2 showed 93.33% sensitivity, 71.4% specificity, 93.33% PPV, 71.4% NPV with accuracy 89.18%. Conclusion: Serum Ang-2 is elevated in patients with cirrhosis and further elevated in patients with HCC, so its use as an independent tumor marker in the diagnosis of HCC is to be considered and the detection rates could increase when using both markers. These results suggest that Ang-2 was a potential diagnostic tumor marker for HCC, especially among high-risk group of patients. This value extends beyond the traditional tumor biomarkers as AFP, as it possess good prognostic value. Although, AFP has to be considered ‘the golden standard’ for HCC serum markers for years, in the view of our data and that of others; the usefulness of AFP testing for the population at risk should be seriously questioned. Ang-2 levels appear to be an additional tumor biomarker for HCC detection especially among high risk group of patients.

[Shaban S. Abdelmonem, Ali I. Ali, Kamel S. Hamad and Ashraf M. Eid. Evaluation of Angiopoietin-2 Serum Level in Cirrhotic patients with High AFP with or without Hepatocellular Carcinoma. N Y Sci J 2017;10(4):60-66]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 7. doi:10.7537/marsnys100417.07.

Key words: Hepatocellular carcinoma - Ang-2 - AFP

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Anterior Lamellar Recession for Management of Upper Eyelid Cicatricial Entropion

Tamer I. Gawdat, M.D., F.R.C.S.¹, Mahmoud A. Kamal, M.D.², Ahmed S. Saif, M.D.² and Mostafa Mohammed M. Diab, M.Sc.²

¹Ophthalmology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt

²Ophthalmology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Egypt

E-mail: diabmmm@yahoo.com

Abstract: Purpose: To report the efficacy of anterior lamellar recession for correcting upper lid cicatricial entropion (UCE). Patients and methods: Retrospective, 2-year, single-center, consecutive case series of patients with primary upper eyelid cicatricial entropion undergoing the above procedure. Success was defined as no recurrence of the entropion or trichiasis and patient satisfaction at least 2 years postoperatively. Results: Mean follow-up time was 26.17 months (range, 24 – 30 months), and the success rate was 92.6% (25 of 27 eyelids). Conclusions: anterior lamellar recession is an effective procedure for treating upper lid cicatricial entropion.

[Tamer I. Gawdat, Mahmoud A. Kamal, Ahmed S. Saif, and Mostafa Mohammed M. Diab. Anterior Lamellar Recession for Management of Upper Eyelid Cicatricial Entropion. N Y Sci J 2017;10(4):67-69]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 8. doi:10.7537/marsnys100417.08.

Keywords: upper eyelid, cicatricial entropion, anterior lamellar recession

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Utility of Cord Blood Alkaline Phosphatase Enzyme as a Predictor of Significant Neonatal Jaundice in Well Term Infants

Hussein Mohamed Al Assal¹, Hatem Refaat Hablas¹, Ali Abd Ellatief Afia¹, Mohamed Abd Alhameed Khedr², Hamada Mohammed Abd Elaal El kzaz¹

Pediatrics and Neonatology Department, Faculty of Medicine, AL-Azhar University, Egypt

Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, AL-Azhar University, Egypt

Asdazharmed1@gmail.com

Abstract: Our data clearly demonstrates that the quantification of umbilical cord blood alkaline phosphates enzyme (ALP) is a useful test to predict hyperbilirubinemia in healthy full term and preterm newborns. As a result of the study we can determine, in advanced, the healthy full term and preterm newborns that will develop neonatal jaundice by checking the alkaline phosphates levels in the umbilical cord blood and prevent problems based on early hospital discharge by closer monitoring of the babies that determined as risky for hyperbilirubinemia. With this method, it is possible to determine the newborns with low risk for hyperbilirubinemia and prevent unnecessary monitoring and care of numerous cases. More work and prospective wider studies should carried out with larger numbers of newborns in order to further determine the efficacy of alkaline phosphates enzyme as an early predictor of neonatal jaundice.

[Hussein Mohamed Al Assal, Hatem Refaat Hablas, Ali Abd Ellatief Afia, Mohamed Abd Alhameed Khedr, Hamada Mohammed Abd Elaal El kzaz. Utility of Cord Blood Alkaline Phosphatase Enzyme as a Predictor of Significant Neonatal Jaundice in Well Term Infants. N Y Sci J 2017;10(4):70-74]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 9. doi:10.7537/marsnys100417.09.

Keywords: Utility; Cord Blood; Alkaline Phosphatase; Enzyme; Predictor; Neonatal Jaundice; Term Infant

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Study of Health Problems among Municipal Waste Collectors in Sohag City, Egypt

Malek Abou Dahab Abd El-Gaber*, Alaa Abd El-Wahed Shams El-Din** and Abd El-Nassir Shaibat El- Hamd Mohammed*

*Department of Community and Industrial Health, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University (Assiut Branch), Assiut, Egypt.

** Department of Community and Industrial Health, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.

malek_arfaat@yahoo.com

Abstract: Introduction: Waste collectors play an important role in maintaining the health and hygiene in the communities. However, their job exposes them to various hazards while, little or no attention is paid to their health status. Aim of the work: This study was carried out to identify the occupational health hazards, and safety measures taken in collecting waste among 250 MSW collectors in the municipalities of Sohag City. Materials and Methods: A total of 250 waste collectors were subjected to an interview sheet including sociodemographic characteristics, occupational history, medical history of diseases or injuries in past three months, vaccination, and administrative rules of provided safety measures. Results: The physical complaint among MSW collectors during past 3months was that of injury (64%), followed by musculoskeletal (58%), fatigue 40%then the respiratory system (32.4%), digestive system (24%), eye problems (18%), and the least frequent skin disorders (16.8%). Concerning occupational exposure: heat 32%, noise 8% and fumes 6%. Most of MSW collectors not use PPE, none of them vaccinated, periodic checkup, trained before work. Conclusion: Waste collection is a hazardous job that exposes its workers to infections especially with the little, in any, protective measures they apply. Guidelines for safety measures and controlling infections should be emphasized and employed for those workers, while offering periodic medical examinations and supplying them with personal protective equipments.

[Malek Abou Dahab Abd El-Gaber, Alaa Abd El-Wahed Shams El-Din and Abd El-Nassir Shaibat El- Hamd Mohammed. Study of Health Problems among Municipal Waste Collectors in Sohag City, Egypt. N Y Sci J 2017;10(4):75-79]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork.10. doi:10.7537/marsnys100417.10.

Keywords: MSW collectors, occupational hazards or exposure, solid waste management

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Timing of planned cesarean section in relation to neonatal outcome at 37, 38 & 39 gestational weeks

Hossam El-Din Hussein, M.D.; Asem Anwer Mousa, M.D.; Mohammed Sayed Hemeda, M.D. and Mustafa Bahaa Mustafa, M.B., B.Ch.

Obstetrics & Gynecology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Egypt

mostafa.baha@yahoo.com

Abstract: Objective: To evaluate neonatal outcomes according to the weeks of gestation in low risk pregnancies to determine the most proper timing for elective section. Methods: It is a cross-sectional descriptive study including 300 women, with singleton pregnancy, without maternal morbidities or signs of fetal distress had an elective cesarean section in Sayed Galal University Hospital. Patients were divided into 3 groups, Group (A): Neonates of healthy pregnant women delivered at 37+0-6 weeks. Group (B): Neonates of healthy pregnant women delivered at 38+0-6 weeks. Group (C): Neonates of healthy pregnant women delivered at 39+0-6 weeks. History taking and complete examination were done to all patients. Results: There was a statistical significant difference between the 3 groups regarding the Downes score, The results showed that the number of cases develop Downes’ score ≥4 in the 37 weeks group (A) was 15 (15%), in the 38 weeks group (B) was 7(7%), while in the 39 weeks group (C) was 4(4%). As regarding Ballard score, Table (13)shows that there was high significant statistical difference between the three groups (P < 0.001) as Ballard score determine gestational age which increase one week sequentially in each group. Conclusion: According to the results of our study, elective cesarean delivery at 37 weeks of gestation was associated with increased incidence of respiratory problems. Therefore Elective delivery before 39 completed weeks of gestation is less favorable and our findings suggest that there are benefits for waiting until 39 weeks of gestation to perform an elective cesarean delivery provided that there is no maternal or fetal risk.

[Hossam El-Din Hussein, Asem Anwer Mousa, Mohammed Sayed Hemeda and Mustafa Bahaa Mustafa. Timing of planned cesarean section in relation to neonatal outcome at 37, 38 & 39 gestational weeks. N Y Sci J 2017;10(4):80-86]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 11. doi:10.7537/marsnys100417.11.

Key Words: Timing of elective section - Downes’ score - Ballard score.

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Primary Productivity of Owalla Reservoir, Osun State, Southwest, Nigeria.

Omoboye, H. Y.* and Adeniyi, I. F.

Zoology Department, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria.

*Correspondent: yettyabioye@yahoo.com, helenabioye@gmail.com

Abstract: This study investigated primary productivity of Owalla Reservoir, Osun State, Nigeria. This was with a view to providing relevant information on the primary productivity of the reservoir. Sampling period covered rainy and dry seasons. Seven Sampling stations were selected on the reservoir for this study (designated 1, 2, 2 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7). At Stations 1 and 3, only surface water samples were collected for primary productivity while water samples were collected from three levels of water column (surface, mid-depth and close to the bottom) of the reservoir at other stations (Stations 2, 4, 5, 6, and 7). Primary productivity was determined using Oxygen Method. The data obtained were subjected to appropriate statistical analysis. The gross primary productivity of Owalla Reservoir during the study period ranged from 17.28 to 126.72 KCal/M³/day. The respiration of Owalla Reservoir during the study period ranged from 1.73 to 103.68 KCal/M³/day while the net primary productivity of Owalla Reservoir during the study period was in the range of 4.90 - 45.22 KCal/M³/day. Net productivity accounted for 34.7% of the Gross Productivity. Respiration accounted for 65.3% of the Gross Productivity. The mean value of the net productivity of the reservoir decreased vertically from surface to the bottom. The mean respiration decreased towards the dam site while the vertical variation generally showed decrease vertically from the surface level to the bottom of the reservoir (P≤0.05). Gross primary productivity decreased down the reservoir column from the surface to the bottom and there was very highly significant difference (P≤0.001) in mean value at the three vertical depths. The reservoir can be classified as oligotrophic based on its primary productivity level. However, the lake should be subjected to regular proper monitoring.

[Omoboye, H. Y. and Adeniyi, I. F. Primary Productivity of Owalla Reservoir, Osun State, Southwest, Nigeria. N Y Sci J 2017;10(4):87-93]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork.12. doi:10.7537/marsnys100417.12.

Keywords: Primary productivity, Respiration, Oligotrophic, Owalla Reservoir.

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Prevalence of Viral Hepatitis (A, B and C) Among Hemophilic Children

Mohammed Sayed Hemeda ¹, Ahmed Mohesn Abd el-hakem ¹, Kamel Soliman Hammad ², Mohammed Salah Ali¹

¹ Pediatric department, Faulty of medicine AL Azhar University, ². Clinical pathology department faculty of medicine AL-Azher University, Egypt.

Roaarody721@gmail.com

Abstract: Hemophilia is a rare hematological disease characterized by prolonged bleeding due to deficiency of coagulating factor 8 and factor 9. This is cross sectional study carried out at pediatric hematology unit al Azhar university hospital Cairo Egypt, and pediatric hematology unit Almabra health insurance hospital zigzag Egypt, in period from March 2014 to March 2016. one hundred male patient screened for hepatitis (A, B and C). mean age was 11.47±4.4 years old.95% with hemophilia A,4% hemophilia B and 1 patient had combined hemophilia A and Family history of hepatitis was 21%. consanguinity was 28%. similar condition in the family was 36%. Ecchymosis as clinical manifestation was 64%, hemearthrosis was 62 % and jaundice detected in 35% of cases. Severity was mild 20%, moderate 47% and severe was 33%. Most affected joint was knee joint and represented 41%. Blood transfusion, cryoprecipitate were major risk factors for transmitting of hepatitis C positive cases. HAV was 7%, HBV was 0% and hepatitis C was 65% Conclusion HCV still high in hemophilic and represent a major problem. Recommendation early detection, treatment and further investigation of hepatitis C virus in hemophilic children.

[Mohammed Sayed Hemeda, Ahmed Mohesn Abd el-hakem, Kamel Soliman Hammad, Mohammed Salah Ali. Prevalence of Viral Hepatitis (A, B and C) Among Hemophilic Children. N Y Sci J 2017;10(4):94-98]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 13. doi:10.7537/marsnys100417.13.

Key word: Hemophilia, viral hepatitis, Hemophilic Children

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The Impact of Family History, Dietary Factors, Body Mass Index, and Menstrual History on

Severity of Acne Vulgaris Among Females

Prof. Dr. Fadia Abdelhakim Sorour¹, Prof. Dr. Hamed Mohamed Abdo¹, Prof. Dr. Amal Mohamed Mahmoud Aldinary² and Yosra Gamal Hasanain¹

¹Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine - Al-Azhar University, Egypt.

²Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Egypt.

yosra1gamal@gmail.com

Abstract: Acne is one of the most common skin disorders worldwide and occurs mostly at puberty with a prevalence of almost 95%. Although acne is principally a disorder of adolescence, the prevalence of adult patients with acne is increasing. The impact of acne to a patient’s social and psychological state can be major and leads to a reduced quality of life. The prevalence of acne varies in different countries and over time, and it has been postulated that different lifestyles may influence acne prevalence. Along this line, a few studies reported that acne was virtually absent in non-Westernized countries in those living and eating in their traditional manner, whereas acne began to appear when these populations changed their eating habits to those more similar to Western populations. So we conducted case-control study to assess the impact of family history, body mass index, dietary factors, and menstrual history on severity of acne vulgaris in females aged 15 to 30 years. Our study confirms the important role of a family history on the risk of moderate to severe acne, and suggests that lower BMI values, may have a protective effect. Diet rich in sugar or whole milk influenced the risk of moderate to severe acne irrespective of family history and BMI. Finally, our study points to a diet rich in fish and proteins as being protective against acne. The influence of dietetic and environmental factors in acne should be further explored.

[Fadia Abdelhakim Sorour, Hamed Mohamed Abdo, Amal Mohamed Mahmoud Aldinary and Yosra Gamal Hasanain. The Impact of Family History, Dietary Factors, Body Mass Index, and Menstrual History on Severity of Acne Vulgaris Among Females. N Y Sci J 2017;10(4):99-103]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 14. doi:10.7537/marsnys100417.14.

Key words: Acne Vulgaris, Females and BMI

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Endoparasites found in Clarias gariepinus (Clariidae) that are found in Kubwa Market.

Ikechukwu, I. C., Solomon, R. J. And Wilfred-Ekprikpo, P.C.

Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Abuja, Abuja-Nigeria.

johnsol2004@yahoo.com

Abstract: A total of 60 randomly selected specimens of Clarias gariepinus (Clariidae) recovered from a man-made pond in Kubwa market were examined for Endo Parasites. Parasite prevalence and worm burden were high of the specimens examined who were infected with gastrointestinal Helminths and round worms. The Helminth worms recovered include three Cestodes; Polyonchobothrium Clarias, Stocksia pujehuni and Wenyonia acuminate a nematode; Paracamallanus cyathopharynx and a round worm. There was no statistically significant difference in the infection of the male and female Clarias gariepinus. Parasite prevalence was related to the length and weight of the specimens. The fish samples were observed to show negative algometric growth and smaller samples recorded higher Helminth infection.

[Ikechukwu, I. C., Solomon, R. J. And Wilfred-Ekprikpo, P.C. Endoparasites found in Clarias gariepinus (Clariidae) that are found in Kubwa Market. N Y Sci J 2017;10(4):104-111]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 15. doi:10.7537/marsnys100417.15.

Key Words: Helminth infection, Clarias gariepinus and Cestodes.

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Analysis of Smallholder Maize Farmers’ Technical Efficiency in Ekiti State, Nigeria.

Oluwatusin F.M*, Abdulaleem M. A. and Kolawole A.O

Department of Agricultural Economics & Extension Services, Ekiti State University

P. M.B 5363, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria

*E-mail: femi.oluwatusin@eksu.edu.ng

Abstract: Maize is one of the most important cereal crops widely cultivated in Nigeria. Its production cannot be ignored at this time of recessionary economy. This study analyzed the productivity, and technical efficiency of maize production among smallholder farmers in Ekiti State, Nigeria. A multistage sampling method was employed to select one hundred and eighty (180) maize producing farmers for the study. Data were collected using structured questionnaires. Descriptive statistics and stochastic frontier production function were employed to describe the socio-economic characteristics and estimate the technical efficiency of maize farmers respectively. The results of the analysis showed that majority (83.3%) of the respondents were male with mean age of 49.6 years. About 89 percent were married and most were literates and had a mean household size of about 9 persons. Variables, maize farm size, value of maize seed planted and value of fertilizer used were efficiently utilized by the farmers while labour used and other capital inputs were inefficiently used in the production of maize. The MLE results revealed that technical efficiency of maize farmers varied due to the presence of technical inefficiency effect on maize production. The result of inefficiency model shows that an increase in variables, household size, cooperative society membership, extension agent visitation, farmers age and gender promote technical inefficiency while an increase in variables, marital status, educational level, credit accessibility and farming experience encourage technical efficiency. The mean technical efficiency of the maize farmers was 0.6605. This implies that if the efficiency of resources usage is increased by 33.95 percent, the maize farmers in the study area would operate on the production frontier given the existing technology. However, it is recommended that programmes that would focus on ways to attract and encourage the youths into maize production should be embarked upon by the government.

[Oluwatusin F.M, Abdulaleem M. A. and Kolawole A.O. Analysis of Smallholder Maize Farmers’ Technical Efficiency in Ekiti State, Nigeria. N Y Sci J 2017;10(4):112-118]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 16. doi:10.7537/marsnys100417.16.

Keywords: Maize, efficiency, technical, farmers, stochastic

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Eradicating Rumors that Spoil the Organizations' Internal Peace: Management Technical Functions as Functions in its Behavioral Functions

Dr. Amgad Hamed Omara

Assist. Prof., in Business Administration Dept., Vice-Dean for Education and Students' Affairs, Faculty of Commerce, Menoufia University, Egypt

Email: amgadomara63@yahoo.com

Abstract: Why managers may fail to use normally the best of their subordinates in actualizing the management technical functions? Why rumors may succeed to prevent people's compliance to their managers? Is there anything managers should do to avoid rumors negative effect on the organizations' coherency or internal peace, particularly in terms of the employees-managers relationship? This research is methodically providing an answer to these questions. It has theoretically gone to establish through a conceptual framework and hypothetical model the relationship between the above noted aspects as key research variables. It has practically investigated 336 units of a probability random sample that's representing a population of 6370 employees who are non-top-managers staff to end, through examining its hypothetical model in the reality of 91 Egyptian Internal and Nile media centers' workplace, that managers' failure to practice some behavioral functions that’s building a trust-based relationship with their subordinates is to large extent a reason of the employees-managers incoherency, which leads to organization's peace deficiency, and this in turn results in sort of the managers failure to fulfill, through their resistant and/or incompliant employees, the main technical functions of management.

[Amgad Hamed Omara. Eradicating Rumors that Spoil the Organizations' Internal Peace: Management Technical Functions as Functions in its Behavioral Functions. N Y Sci J 2017;10(4):119-144]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 17. doi:10.7537/marsnys100417.17.

Keywords: Management technical functions, rumors negative effect, organization's coherency, first class organization's peace deficiency, second class organization's peace deficiency, organization's instability, management behavioral functions, employees-management trust, organization running circles, organizations soft circles

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