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Biodephosphorization of Iron Ore using Acidothiobacillus ferrooxidans.

Chime T.O.¹, Menkiti M.C.*², Onukwuli O.D.²

¹Department of Chemical Engineering, Enugu State University of science and Technology, Enugu, Nigeria.

² Department of Chemical Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University , Awka, Nigeria.

*Corresponding author: E-mail: cmenkiti@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT: An attempt has been made to investigate the removal of phosphorus from Agbaja iron ore using Acidothiobacillus ferroxidans bacterium. The bacterium strain was isolated from Agbaja high phosphorus iron ore. Various bacterial loads of the bacterium were cultivated in a crushed iron ore of 60mm particle size. The effects of time and microbial population on the biodephosphorisation of the ore were studied at a temperature of 25^oC. The maximum degrees of biodephosphorization and beneficiation were 79.34% and 71.84% respectively, in 40 days using 10⁸ microbial populations. The results obtained show that as the leaching time increases the rate of biodephosphorization and the degree of beneficiation increases. Furthermore, as the microbial population increase, the rate of biodephosphorization and degree of beneficiation increase marginally.

[Chime T.O., Menkiti M.C., Onukwuli O.D. Biodephosphorization of Iron Ore using Acidothiobacillus ferrooxidans. New York Science Journal 2011;4(1):1-6]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork.

doi:10.7537/marsnys040111.01

Key words: Acidothiobacillus ferroxidans , Biodephosphorization, Iron Ore, beneficiation

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Platelet Count as a Reliable Test in the Prognosis of Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Patients

Wafaa,Gh. Shousha^*1 ; Mervat, M. Bahgat²; Y.S. Swify³; Soaad, N. Ibrahim⁴ ; Khloud, M. Abd allah⁵

¹Chemistry Dep., Faculty of Science,Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt .

²Biological Application Dep., Nuclear Research Center, Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo ,Egypt.

³ Internal Medicine Dep., El Sahel Teaching Hospital, Cairo, Egypt.

⁴Zoology Dep., Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt.

⁵Laboratories Dep., Nasser Institute Hospital , Cairo ,Egypt.

^*WafaaShousha@hotmail.Com. Kholoud_1965@windowslive.Com

Abstract: Hepatitis C virus had been found to be a major cause of chronic liver disease and is usually accompanied with thrombocytopenia which worsen the progression of liver disease. The cause of thrombocytopenia is uncertain therefore ten controls and twenty three hepatitis C virus patients of both sex are participated in the present study to detect antiplatelet antibodies and to assess the severity of hepatic and extrahepatic parameters associated with thrombocytopenia. The patient groups are subdivided according to the platelet count into non thrombocytopenic and thrombocytopenic virus C. The diagnosis of virus C infection was first performed by HCV Ab with ELISA and qualitative polymerase Chain Reaction ( PCR) , thereafter blood picture , liver function tests, partial thromboplastin time (PTT), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase(SOD), interleukine-2(IL-2), alpha- tumor necrosis factors (α-TNF) and antiplatelet antibodies were determined. Although there is no detection of the antiplatelet antibodies in all tested groups the results revealed that there is much significant changes in thrombocytopenic groups compared to controls and non thrombocytopenic ones .Therefore we may conclude that platelets exert a role in hepatic and extrahepatic parameters associated with liver damage in hepatitis C virus patients and platelet count can be considered a useful test in monitoring the prognosis of chronic uncomplicated hepatitis C virus.

Wafaa, Gh. Shousha; Mervat, M. Bahgat; Y.S. Swify; Soaad, N. Ibrahim; Khloud, M. Abd allah. Platelet Count as a Reliable Test in the Prognosis of Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Patients. New York Science Journal 2011;4(1):7-14]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork.

doi:10.7537/marsnys040111.02

Keywords: Platelet; Reliable; Test; Prognosis; Chronic Hepatitis C; Virus; Patient

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Antimicrobial And Phytochemical Screening Activities Of Ficus Sur (Forssk)

*G. O. Solomon –Wisdom; G. A. Shittu And Y. A. Agboola

Department Of Biological Sciences, University Of Abuja, Abuja F.C.T. Nigeria

*grawise2005@yahoo.com, gashittu@yahoo.com, 08053583063

ABSTRACT: The antimicrobial activity and chemical constituents of the leaves and stem bark extract of Ficus sur were investigated. The extracts at crude level were shown in vitro to inhibit Staphylococus aureus, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis and Candida pseudotropicalis of the six test organisms at 2mg/ml. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella typhimorium were not inhibited at the same concentration. The stem bark extract had a wide spectrum of activity against some micro-organisms at minimum inhibitory concentration of 0.5mg/ml. The leaf extract also had activity on the micro organisms but at 1.0mg/ml. Saponins, saponin glycosides, tannins, phenols and volatile oils were the important phytochemical components found in the plant parts which may be responsible for the biological properties of this plant. The biological screening result is indicative of the potential of Ficus sur as antimicrobial substance.

[G. O. Solomon –Wisdom; G. A. Shittu And Y. A. Agboola. Antimicrobial And Phytochemical Screening Activities Of Ficus Sur (Forssk). New York Science Journal 2011;4(1):15-18]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork.

doi:10.7537/marsnys040111.03

Key words: Ficus sur, antimicrobial activity, chemical constituents

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Thyme (Thymus capitatus) regulating altered hepatic mRNA expression of apoptotic genes during Nickel Chloride exposure

Sabah Abdulaziz Linjawi

Biology department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

Abstract: It has been reported that oxidative stress plays a vital role in nickel-induced biochemical and molecular alterations. The effects of thyme on the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity induced by nickel chloride were examined with respect to the DNA fragmentation in liver and testis, micronuclei formation, intracellular glutathione and alteration in gene expression. The obtained data from this study revealed that treatment of mice with NiCl2 (20 mg/kg) for two consecutive days, exhibited significantly (p≤0.05) bone marrow cytotoxicity and a server reduction in number of PCEs was detected, in addition a significant (p≤0.05) induction in micronucleated PCEs (Mn-PCEs) (28.2 ± 0.75) compared with control group (3.0 ± 0.48). Further more, NiCl2 significantly depleted intracellular glutathione (GSH) levels in hepatic and testicular tissues by 27 & 31.5 % below that of control group and led to apoptotic changes in both tissues as evidenced by DNA fragmentation (21.5% compared to 8.5% in liver & 24.6% compared to 5.0% in testis) as measured by diphenylamine assay. However, pretreatment with thyme oil, significantly (P≤0.05) increased the number of PCEs and decreased the frequencies of Mn-PCEs (10 ± 0.48).The GSH levels were significantly increased in group pretreated with thyme in hepatic and testicular tissues (34.8% and 29.75 % above control values). Moreover, DNA fragmentations were significantly reduced reached to 62.7% in testis and 65.2% in liver when mice pretreated with thyme. Hepatic mRNA levels for Fas, the apoptosis-promoting gene Bax, and TNFά, were up regulated following NiCl2 exposures in mice as compared to vehicle controls. In summary, the results suggest that the chemo preventive role of thyme against nickel chloride-induced testicular and liver genotoxicity may be due to its intrinsic antioxidant property and it exhibits a hepatoprotective effect, the mechanism of which may involve thyme anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic effects.

[Sabah Abdulaziz Linjawi. Thyme (Thymus capitatus) regulating altered hepatic mRNA expression of apoptotic genes during Nickel Chloride exposure. New York Science Journal 2011;4(1):19-27]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork.

doi:10.7537/marsnys040111.04

Key Words: Nickel Chloride, Thyme, antioxidants, cytotoxicity, DNA fragmentation

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The Effect of Climate on Dengue Virus Infections in Nigeria

M.M Baba and Muhammad Talle

WHO National Polio Laboratory University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital

muhammadt6@gmail.com

ABSTRACT: Dengue viruses (serotypes 1-4), are the causative agents of dengue fever, dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome in humans and are transmitted predominantly by the Aedes mosquitoes. Arbovirus infections are usually sensitive to changes in rainfall and temperature. Consequently, their transmission intensity may be regulated by weather and climate. This study was designed to determine the seasonal distribution of dengue virus infections among febrile patients in a semi-arid zone in Nigeria. 973 samples collected during the rainy, harmattan (cold) and dry seasons of the year in a semi-arid zone were tested for antibodies to dengue viruses by MAC ELISA. Den IgM positive samples were further tested by PRNT and RT-PCR. Five (0.5%) of the 973 sera were positive for DEN virus IgM antibodies (4 DEN-2 and 1 DEN-1). A patient had an acute DEN-2 virus infection as demonstrated by a very high OD value of 1.151. All the sera that were DEN IgM positive by MAC-ELISA were found positive by PRNT. Two sera which showed mixed infections of WNV and dengue by MAC-ELISA were later confirmed to be positive for WNV by PRNT. DEN antibodies were significantly higher during the rainy season (1.3%) than the cold harmattan period (0.3%). No IgM antibody to DEN virus was detected during the dry season. July may be the peak of dengue virus activities in a semi-arid zone in Nigeria. Disease surveillance and control are best exercised during the season and month with highest virus activity.

[M.M Baba and Muhammad Talle. The Effect of Climate on Dengue Virus Infections in Nigeria. New York Science Journal 2011;4(1):28-33]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork.

doi:10.7537/marsnys040111.05

Keyword: Dengue and West Nile viruses, Antibodies, Season, Nigeria

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Characterisation and Identification of Feather - Degrading Streptomyces sp From Chick Feather Wastes

T. Jayalakshmi 1, P. Krishnamoorthy 1, G. Ramesh kumar 2, P. Sivamani 3

1 Dept of Bioinformatics, Bharath University, Chennai, Tamilnadu - 600073, India.

2 Dept of Bioinformatics, MIT Campus, Anna University, Chennai, Tamilnadu-600044, India.

3 Microlabs, Vellore, Tamilnadu-632521, India.

jayamaniraaja07@gmail.com

Abstract: Keratinases are exciting proteolytic enzymes that display the capability to degrade the insoluble protein keratin. Keratinases display a great diversity in their biochemical and biophysical properties. Members of the genus Streptomyces are Gram positive and form extensive, branched, stable substrate and aerial hypae bearing long chains of conidia. The cell wall is a peptidoglycan that contains L-DAP (diaminopimelic acid) but no characteristic sugar. From 1940 through 1957, over 1000 Streptomyces spp. was described. Identification to the species level was based on a limited number of subjectively chosen features, with a significant emphasis on morphology and pigmentation. To characterize a species of a member of the genus Streptomyces, growth of the organism is mainly based on a variety of different media, including complex plant and animal products such as potato, milk, and gelatin, and artificial media comprising both organic and inorganic or synthetic media. Keratinolytic actinomycetes can be degraded without any chemical or physical treatment. Optimum temperature at 60◦C and pH above 10 completely degrade the feathers. A feather degrading actinomycete Streptomyces spp. was identified by microscopic wet mount method and their characteristics were analysed.

[T. Jayalakshmi, P. Krishnamoorthy, G. Ramesh kumar, P. Sivamani. Characterisation and Identification of Feather - Degrading Streptomyces sp From Chick Feather Wastes. New York Science Journal 2011;4(1):34-37]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork.

doi:10.7537/marsnys040111.06

Keywords: Keratinase, Streptomyces, degradation, peptidoglycan

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Risk Management: A Strategic Approach To Banking Sector

Nishi S Jain, Dr. Sanman Jain N

Department of Management, Shobhit University, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh 250110, India

drsanmanjainn@gmail.com

Abstract: Problem Statement: The way in which banking industry will manage the risk posed by the global environment. The paper takes concise of the fact that banking sector is facing different kind of risks and how the sector will overcome with this kind of risks, because the sector plays a very important role in any economy. Approach: The study includes a descriptive research by collecting information from banks and analyzing the different approaches for managing different kinds of risks faced by banking sector. Results: The present study helps in finding the approaches used for managing different kind of risks, because risk management helps in monitoring and maintaining the profile of banks and it also helps in maintaining financial soundness. Conclusion: The approaches used for managing the diverse kind of risks plays a significant role in banking sector as the ongoing competitive environment helps the sector to grow in both qualitative and quantitative aspects.

[Nishi S Jain, Dr. Sanman Jain N. Risk Management: A Strategic Approach To Banking Sector. New York Science Journal 2011;4(1):38-44]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork.

doi:10.7537/marsnys040111.07

Keywords: Risk Management; Banking Sector; Credit Risk; Market Risk; Operational Risk

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The perception of Nigerian Youths on the Prevalence of HIV/AIDS. A Case of Tertiary institutions in Imo State, Nigeria.

Ijioma, B.C, Iwu, R. U, Onoja, A. I, Egeruo A.S

Department of Biology, Alvan Ikoku Federal College of Education, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria.

Abstract: Acquired Immune deficiency Syndrome or acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is a disease of the human immune system caused by the Human Immuno Deficiency Virus (HIV). This condition progressively reduces the effectiveness of the immune system and leaves individuals susceptible to opportunistic infections and tumours. This article describes the perception of Nigerian Youths on the Prevalence of HIV/AIDS, a case of Tertiary institutions in Imo State, Nigeria.

[Ijioma, B.C, Iwu, R. U, Onoja, A. I, Egeruo A.S. The perception of Nigerian Youths on the Prevalence of HIV/AIDS. A Case of Tertiary institutions in Imo State, Nigeria. New York Science Journal 2011;4(1):45-48]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork.

doi:10.7537/marsnys040111.08

Keywords: perception; Nigerian; Youth; Prevalence; HIV/AIDS

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Extracting Variable-Size Secret Keys from Voice Key

Osama M. Amer, A. S. Obada, Emad Massamir and Tharwat O. Alhanafy^*

Computer and System Engineering Department, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt

^*s_ewiss@yahoo.com

Abstract: This paper presents a technique to produce secret keys with optional size from a voice key that can be obtained from the delta modulation. The technique that produces the secret key should be a function of all the bits in the voice key in to get unique keys for each voice key. To achieve this goal, the DES encryption algorithm in cipher block chaining (CBC) mode of operation is used after preprocessing the voice key. Throughout this paper, a step-by-step of the algorithm is introduced to achieve this goal. Therefore, a background about the cipher block chaining mode of operation is presented. Next, the discusses of the block diagram of the proposed technique is done. Then, the deploys of the entropy algorithm as a key evaluation metric is introduced. Finally, two examples are introduced to demonstrate the applicability of this technique.

[Osama M. Amer, A. S. Obada, Emad Massamir and Tharwat O. Alhanafy. Extracting Variable-Size Secret Keys from Voice Key. New York Science Journal 2011;4(1):49-60]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork.

doi:10.7537/marsnys040111.09

Keywords: Extracting; Variable-Size; Secret; Key

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Effects of Varying Temperatures on the Ex-uterine Development and Incubation Period of Eggs of Ascaridia Galli

J.N.N. Onyirioha Ph.D.

Dept. of Biology Alvan Ikoku Federal College of Education, Owerri, Imo State

nwachukwucu2005@yahoo.co.uk

ABSTRACT: Temperature is considered one important environmental condition that controls the exuterine development of eggs of Ascarids to the injective stage and therefore is deemed to affect dissemination of the parasites. Effects of varying temperatures on post uterine development of eggs of A galli were investigated by incubation of mature eggs stripped from the uteri of live female nematodes. Specimens of the nematodes were dissected out from naturally parasitized native fowls purchased from local vendors in markets in Owerri area of Imo State, Nigeria. The eggs were placed in Petri dishes in small quantities of water and incubated in thermostat-filled ovens at temperatures varying from 0⁰C to 40⁰C for a maximum of 30days. No development was observed in the eggs at 0⁰C and < 38⁰C. The shortest incubation period was recorded at 30⁰C while the longest was at 15⁰C. Maximum embryonation (76.5%) was achieved at 280C (table1). These observations strongly suggest that the global warning maybe increasing the rate of dissemination of the parasites and related forms, including man’s important ones, by hastening the exuterine development of the eggs of the nematodes to infective stages.

[J.N.N. Onyirioha. Effects of Varying Temperatures on the Ex-uterine Development and Incubation Period of Eggs of Ascaridia Galli. New York Science Journal 2011;4(1):61-63]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork.

doi:10.7537/marsnys040111.10

Key Words: Effects, Ex-uterine, Incubation, Ascarid, nematodes

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Antifungal effects of four tropical plant aqueous and ethanol extracts on post harvest rot of tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum) in Ado–Ekiti, Nigeria.

^1* Ijato, J. Y ¹ Adebiyi, A. O. And ² Ijadunola J. A.

¹Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Science, University of Ado–Ekiti, P.M.B 5363, Ekiti State, Nigeria.

²Federal College of Agriculture, Institute of Agricultural Research and Training, Moor Plantation, Ibadan, Nigeria.

jamesyeni@yahoo.com

Abstract: Antimycotic effects of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Tridax procumbens, Venonia amygdalina, chromolaena odorata and Azadirachta indica were determined in vitro on causative agents of post harvest rot of yam tubers: Aspergillus niger, Fusarium oxysporum, Rhizopus stolonifer and Geotrichum candidium. All the plants extracts at varying concentrations were effective in reducing the mycelia growth of the rot fungi. One ml of 25 and 15% ethanol as well as 85% and 65% aqueous extracts of different test plants each were used. The radial growths of the fungi were determined after 72 hrs. Each treatment had four replications. Azadirachta indica had the highest inhibitory effect accumulatively on the rot fungi using 65% and 80% aqueous extracts of value 51.93 and 61.73% mycelia growth reduction respectively though the effects were not significantly different from that of Tridax procumbens and Venonia amygadalina using 65% aqueous of mycelia growth reduction value of 47.43 and 47.70% respectively, but significantly different from other 85% aqueous extracts. Fifteen percent ethanolic extract of Azadirachta indica had the highest inhibitory effect of value 68.20% as well as 25% Chromolaena odorata of value 62.10%. The reality of using these antifungal plants to control tomato rot serves as good option to chemical control. Azadirachta indica is most recommendable as bio protective agent on tomato fruits.

[Ijato, J. Y Adebiyi, A. O. And Ijadunola J. A. Antifungal effects of four tropical plant aqueous and ethanol extracts on post harvest rot of tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum) in Ado–Ekiti, Nigeria. New York Science Journal 2011;4(1):64-68]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork.

doi:10.7537/marsnys040111.11

Keywords: Antifungal effect; tropical plant; aqueous; ethanol extract; tomato

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Hydrology of River Oyun and Hydropower Potential of Unilorin Dam, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria

¹Sule, B.F, ²Salami, A.W, ²Bilewu, S.O, ²Adeleke, O.O and ³Ajimotokan, H.A.

 ¹National Centre for Hydropower Research & Development

²Department of Civil Engineering, and ³Department of Mechanical Engineering,

P.M.B 1515, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria

 salami_wahab@unilorin.edu.ng

Abstract: The paper presents the hydrological analysis of Oyun River and estimation of hydropower potential of Unilorin dam. The study involves estimation of design floods from extreme rainfall through convolution with unit hydrograph ordinates obtained from soil conservation services method. The domestic & institutional water requirement, evaporation losses over reservoir area and reservoir sediment were also determined. The Oyun River flow at Unilorin dam was estimated from the extended flow obtained at upstream gauging station on the river dammed at Offa. The peak and low flows were fitted with Gumbel extreme value type I and III respectively and return period (recurrence interval) of peak flow (19.34 m³/s) was obtained as 40 year, while low flow (0.0020 m³/s) may reoccur annually. In order to determine available flow for power generation, sequent peak and flow duration analysis were carried out. The analysis revealed that the flow of 50%, 75%, and 90% reliability that is available for energy generation from Oyun River at Unilorin dam is 1.45 m³/s, 0.70 m³/s, and 0.45 m³/s respectively, while the corresponding hydropower potential was obtained as 0.108 MW, 0.052 MW and 0.034 MW respectively. It is recommended to provide 3 units of turbine with 100 KW, 50 MW and 35 KW generating capacity respectively. Hence the total maximum energy potential of Unilorin dam is about 200 kilowatt.

[Sule, B.F, Salami, A.W, Bilewu, S.O, Adeleke, O.O and Ajimotokan, H.A. Hydrology of River Oyun and Hydropower Potential of Unilorin Dam, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria. New York Science Journal 2011;4(1):69-78]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork.

doi:10.7537/marsnys040111.12

Keywords: Oyun River, hydrology, Water resources, Unilorin dam, Hydropower

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An Improved Method of Traditional Goat Husbandry in Imo State, Nigeria

Onyirioha, J.N N. Ph.D, Iwu R. U. Ph.D , Azoro A.V., and V. O. Ogwo

Department of Biology, Alvan Ikoku Federal College of Education, Owerri

Corresponding Author: Onyirioha J. N. N.

Email: Jnno-2k@yahoo.com; nwachukwucu2005@yahoo.co.uk

Abstract: The abundant vegetation in Imo State could be more properly harvested through animal husbandry that is handled with high level of management skill. Traditionally in Imo State, goats are reared as open free range animals or confined in small pens where food is provided, but often in insufficient quantities. No special skill is employed and people of all ages are engaged in the industry. Attempts at commercialization of the industry have been difficult because of their slower growth rate, low fecundity and problems associated with keeping a large number of such animals in a place, which do not allow for a quick realization of profit expected by the huge investors, to be made. In order to hasten the growth rate and make the industry more profit-oriented, a feeding method and supplement feed meal, at reasonable cost have been worked out through intensive investigation. Improved traditional goat husbandry is an asset to quick industrialization of the rural areas and upliftment of the living standard of the people because of the high potentialities of the product. Goat products include milk and meat are of high nutritional value and therefore required to offset the nutritional imbalance among the rural populace in particular.

[Onyirioha, J.N N. Ph.D, Iwu R. U. Ph.D, Azoro A.V., and V. O. Ogwo. An Improved Method of Traditional Goat Husbandry in Imo State, Nigeria. New York Science Journal 2011;4(1):79-82]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork.

doi:10.7537/marsnys040111.13

Keywords: Improved, Goat, husbandry, feeding, economy

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Mini review on Contribution of HACCP system in raw and fermented milk quality in small dairy industries of Burkina Faso

Savadogo Aly¹, Ouattara Cheik .A.T¹, Ilboudo A. Jules¹, Traoré Alfred. S.¹

Laboratoire de Microbiologie et de Biotechnologie

Centre de Recherche en Sciences Biologiques, Alimentaires et Nutritionnelles(CRSBAN). Département de Biochimie-Microbiologie (DBM) ; Unité de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences de la Vie et de la Terre (UFR/SVT) ; UNIVERSITE DE OUAGADOUGOU, 03BP 7131 BURKINA FASO.

 alysavadogo@gmail.com

Abstract: This paper deals with the use of HACCP and how to do it implementation in small dairy industries or companies for production of microbiologically, biochemical and chemical safe and /or high quality raw and fermented milk. In Burkina Faso small food industries become more and more important but food quality assessment methods are not know and used. Different critical control point in milk small industries were summarized and analysed. The HACCP system offers an approach to the control of hazards in all dairy food processing, food technology and properly applied, identifies areas of concern and appropriate control for improving foods quality. The study shows the need of use of HACCP, Good Hygiene Practices (GHP), Food Safety Management Systems (FSMS), Product Process technologies, Education and training of food handlers and consumers in Burkina Faso.

[Savadogo Aly, Ouattara Cheik .A.T, Ilboudo A. Jules, Traoré Alfred. S. Mini review on Contribution of HACCP system in raw and fermented milk quality in small dairy industries of Burkina. New York Science Journal 2011;4(1):83-91]. (ISSN: 1554-0200).

doi:10.7537/marsnys040111.14

Keywords: HACCP; raw and fermented milk; quality, microorganisms

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Sodium, kidney and renal sodium retention

Yan Yang *, Hongbao Ma *^, **

 * Brookdale University Hospital and Medical Center, New York 11212, USA,

youngjenny2008@yahoo.com; 1-347-321-7172

** Bioengineering Department, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China;

ma8080@gmail.com; 01186-137-8342-5354

Abstract: The tight regulation of the body's sodium and chloride concentrations is so important that multiple mechanisms work in concert to control them, and a minimal amount of salt is required for survival. Sodium (Na⁺) and chloride (Cl^-) are the principal ions in the extracellular fluid, especially in blood plasma. Sodium retention is the most common renal abnormality of cirrhosis and eventually leads to the formation of ascites. The arterial vasodilatation, mainly splanchnic, that occurs during liver cirrhosis is a major factor in the pathogenesis of renal sodium and water retention. The arterial vasodilatation and the subsequent hypotension stimulate a baroreceptor-mediated neurohormonal vasoconstrictor and antinatriuretic response in an attempt to compensate the relative underfilling of the circulation. Renal sodium and water retention and plasma volume expansion have been shown to precede ascites formation in experimental cirrhosis.

[Yan Yang, Hongbao Ma. Sodium, kidney and renal sodium retention. New York Science Journal 2011;4(1):92-103]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 

doi:10.7537/marsnys040111.15

Keywords: sodium; retention; renal; pathogenesis; kidney

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Protection by Selenium Against Adriamycin-induced Genotoxic and Biochemical Changes in Mice

 A. Ezz El-Din, S. M. Girgis*, S. M. Kassem And T. M. T. Shoman

Department of Cell Biology, National Research Centre, Egypt

*Corresponding author: Dr. S. M. Girgis, , E-mail: shenoudagirgis10@yahoo.com

Absrtact: The present study was carried out to evaluate the protective effect of selenium (Se) against genotoxic and biochemical alterations induced by the anticancer drug, adriamycin (ADR) in mice. Adult Swiss albino male mice were divided into 8 groups, the first group served as control, the 2^nd treated intraperitoneally (i.p) with ADR (3 mg/kg bw) once a week. The 3^rd, 4^th and 5^th group treated orally with Se (0.25, 0.5 and 1 mg/kg bw, respectively) once a day. The other 3 groups (combination groups, 6, 7 and 8, respectively) treated with the same concentrations of Se plus i.p dose of ADR once a week. The results of the present study revealed that animals treated with Se plus ADR (groups 6, 7 and 8) presented a statistically significant reduction in all types of chromosomal aberrations compared to ADR only treated group. As well a reduction in enzyme (AST, ALT, ACP, ALP and LDH) activities and total protein and uric acid levels as indicators of hepatic and kidney functions was obtained. This study concludes that Se has protective effects against ADR- induced chromosome damage and biochemical alterations due to its ability to scavenge free radicals and antioxidant properties. That antioxidant supplementation could be used in combination with ADR to protect against oxidative stress without attenuating the clinical efficacy of ADR, avoiding the need to take other medications, and improving the patients quality of life.

[A. Ezz El-Din, S. M. Girgis, S. M. Kassem And T. M. T. Shoman. Protection by Selenium Against Adriamycin-induced Genotoxic and Biochemical Changes in Mice. New York Science Journal 2011;4(1):104-111]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork.

doi:10.7537/marsnys040111.16

Keywords: Adriamycin, genotoxic, biochemical, changes, selenium, protection, mice

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