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Detection Efficiency of Gamma Cameras with Different Absorber Materials

Ahmed Alharbi

Department of Physics, Qassim University, Qassim 51452, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

qu.c@hotmail.com

Abstract: Nuclear medicine has a significant role in medical imaging applications which utilizes a certain radioisotope to diagnose different types of diseases. The most common device used in clinics among other imaging detectors is a gamma camera (GC). Such a device is used for different diagnosing purposes including a bone scan, investigating the asymmetries of any organ in the body as well as diagnose cardiac and kidneys abnormalities. In this study, different clinical obtained from different gamma cambers were investigated. The obtained result revealed that gamma cameras have different responses due to various parameters including spatial resolution, the collimator resolution, the intrinsic resolution, as well as the distances from the patients. These parameters highly affect the image quality and details. Furthermore, the comparison between the images obtained by gamma cameras with an X-ray scan showed that GC has a better contras resolution than X-ray which can effectively identify the abnormalities in the projected organs. The processes performed in this lab work can be followed by future work in order to determine the abnormality and asymmetries of any organ of the patent body by using a suitable gamma camera either (HRGP) or (LEHS) ones.

[Ahmed Alharbi. Detection Efficiency of Gamma Cameras with Different Absorber Materials. Nat Sci 2024,22(3):1-9]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167(online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature 01. doi:10.7537/marsnsj220324.01.

Keywords: Gamma-rays ; Shielding materials; Gamma Cameras

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Marketing Strategies of Finfish and Shellfish in the North-Eastern Region of Bangladesh: An Empirical Study

Mehedi Azam, Md. Bokthier Rahman, Mst. Ruma, S.M. Oasiqul Azad, Md. Shahin Alom and Md. Yusuf Ali

Department of Aquaculture, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, Patuakhali-8602, Banladesh

Department of Fisheries Technology, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, Patuakhali-8602, Banladesh

Department of Fisheries Management, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, Patuakhali-8602, Banladesh

Department of Marine Fisheries and Oceanography, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, Patuakhali-8602, Banladesh

Correspondence: bokthierfs@gmail.com

Abstract: Sylhet district, the largest states of Bangladesh having vast freshwater resources offering considerable fish and fishery products. Several markets and super shop hence developed to continue fish related business. Therefore, the study was undertaken to know the present status of fish markets, marketing channels, sources of fish, price of available fish, gross and net margin, constraints of markets and some recommendations for improvement by employing PRP tools (FGD, Cross-check interviews, face to face interviews etc.) for a period of six months from June 2015 to November 2015. The study revealed that in supply chain about 5% consumers received fish and fishery related products from fish producers/capturers directly and rest 95% fishes reached to the consumer levels through intermediaries (beparis, aratdars, wholesalers and retailers etc.). The price of available fish was ranged from 100-800tk/kg. The price variation of fish species was found correlated with the availability of species, long fish supply chain, size of fish, season and most commonly consumer preferences. About 55% fish species were local origin and 45% come from different part of the country. The gross margin of paiker, wholesaler and retailer was 800, 400, 1100 taka/quintal whereas net margin was 600, 320 and 960 taka/quintal, respectively. It was found that 45% consumer not prefers to take fish in fillet form and rest 55% accepted fish fillet for consumption. Major constraints of the study areas were poor drainage, transportation, icing facilities, unhygienic environment. Shortening of fish market channel, effective price policy, more ice-plant, maintaining proper ratio of fish and ice and development of good road and transport networks are some important measures to over the existing problems of fish market in Sylhet district.

[Mehedi Azam, Md. Bokthier Rahman, Mst. Ruma, S.M. Oasiqul Azad, Md. Shahin Alom and Md. Yusuf Ali. Marketing Strategies of Finfish and Shellfish in the North-Eastern Region of Bangladesh: An Empirical Study. Nat Sci 2024,22(3):10-18]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 02. doi:10.7537/marsnsj220324.02.

Keywords: Sylhet district, fish markets, marketing channels, price, intermediaries, gross margin, net margin, constraints, measures

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Competitiveness and global demand determinants for Egyptian grapes

Dr. Tamer Mohamed El-Sentrecy¹, Dr. Siham Ahmed Zarif ², Dr. Mohamed Fawzy El-Dnasury³

¹ Professor of Agricultural Economic, Faculty of Agricultural, BeniSuief University, Egypt.

²Researcher, Agricultural Economic Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Egypt.

³ Senior Researcher, Agricultural Economic Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Egypt.

*Corresponding Author: mdnasury@gmail.com

Abstract: The research aims to shed light on the competitive position of Egyptian grapes exports, and to help export policy makers on the possibility of increasing the amount of Egyptian grapes exports in foreign markets, through the following: measuring some economic indicators of the competitiveness of Egyptian grapes exports in the most important global markets during (2017-2021), the statistical estimation of the global demand for Egyptian grapes exports in its most important foreign markets during (2006-2021), and to identify the future of foreign trade of Egyptian grapes by predicting the amount of grapes exports until 2025. The research is based on the use of some methods of descriptive and quantitative statistical analysis in the analysis of data related to the research, specifically the following: some statistical methods, the method of percentages of averages of deviations of actual values, coefficient of geographical concentration of the quantity and value of exports, some economic indicators of the competitiveness of Egyptian exports of the crop in the most important world markets, as follows:(Revealed Comparative Advantage, Symmetric Revealed Comparative Advantage, Markets Penetration Rate, Market Share, and Relative Price),Stepwise multiple regression, in addition to Box-Jenkins (ARIMA) model. The research depends on published and unpublished secondary data derived among the agricultural statistics bulletins issued by The Economic Affairs Sector of the Ministry of Agriculture and land reclamation, (www.trademap.org), (www.Capmas.gov.eg), and (www.fao.org), in addition to the use of some researches, studies, journals, scientific books and Arabic and foreign references related to the research topic, the data has been analyzed on the computer by using SPSS _V.16& E-views₁₂ programs.

[Tamer Mohamed El-Sentrecy, Siham Ahmed Zarif, Dr. Mohamed Fawzy El-Dnasury. Competitiveness and global demand determinants for Egyptian grapes. Nat Sci 2024,22(3):19-39]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature 03. doi:10.7537/marsnsj220324.03.

Keywords: Egyptian grapes, Competitiveness, Exports, Geographical concentration coefficient, Instability coefficients, Markets Penetration Rate, Market Share, Global demand function, and ARIMA model.

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Attenuation of Gamma Radiation in Different Materials

Ahmed Alharbi

Department of Physics, Qassim University, Qassim 51452, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

qu.c@hotmail.com

Abstract: Shielding materials for nuclear gamma radiations are of prime importance for radiation protection and safety in applied nuclear radiation fields. In this study, the experimental investigation of attenuation properties by using NaI (TI) scintillator was performed for a lead (Pb) absorbing material with various thickness at the photon energy 661 keV. The obtained result revealed that lead is an effective absorbing material for gamma rays with a high linear attenuation coefficient (μ_Pp= 0.111𝑚𝑚^-1). Furthermore, the experimental data of the linear attenuation coefficient was compared with the XCOM theoretical calculation and a good agreement has been observed. In addition, the sensitivity of both the NaI(TI) detector and the Geiger Muller counter was determined at various distances from a ⁹⁹Tc source. Therefore, the experimental values showed that the NaI(TI) scintillator is a high sensitive to gamma ray source, whereas an extremely low sensitivity was obtained from the Geiger Muller detector. This concludes that the NaI(TI) detector is an appropriate detector for nuclear medicine applications. These results indicate that the processes performed in this study can be followed by future work in order to calculate the attenuation properties of other absorbing materials at different gamma-ray energies as well as the sensitivity of other type of detectors.

[Ahmed Alharbi. Attenuation of Gamma Radiation in Different Materials. Nat Sci 2024,22(3):40-47]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167(online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature 04. doi:10.7537/marsnsj220324.04.

Keywords: gamma-rays ; Shielding materials; gamma-rays attenuation

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Triple Infections of HBV, Plasmodium falciparum and Helicobacter pylori among people living with HIV

presenting at a tertiary Hospital in Bayelsa State, Nigeria

Affia, A. G.¹, Awoibi, N. K.², Koko, U. K.³, Onu, E. N.⁴, Frank-Peterside, N.³, Okerentugba, P. O.³, Awanye, A. M.⁵ & Okonko, I. O.^3*

¹Department of Medical Laboratory Science, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria ²Department of Medical Microbiology/Immunology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Science, Federal University, Otuoke, Bayelsa State, Nigeria.

³Virus & Genomics Research Unit, Department of Microbiology, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria, ORCID iD: 0000-0002-3053-253X, E-mail address: iheanyi.okonko@uniport.edu.ng; Tel:

+2347069697309

⁴Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Basic Clinical Medicine, Alex-Ekueme Federal University, Ndufu-Alike, Ikwo, Ebonyi State, Nigeria.

⁵Immunology & Vaccinology Unit, Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria

*Corresponding author

Abstract: Background: The study determined the prevalence of triple infections of HBV, Plasmodium falciparum and Helicobacter pylori amongst people living with HIV presenting at a tertiary hospital in Bayelsa, Nigeria. Method: Two hundred (200) people living with HIV-1 were enrolled in the study. ELISA technique was used to screen for HBsAg while rapid diagnostic tests were used for Plasmodium falciparum and Helicobacter pylori. Results: Triple infections of HBV/PF/HP were 0.5%. Higher HBV/PF/HP triple infection rates occurred only among PLWH who were females (0.7%), within the age group 31-50 (0.8%), single marital group (1.2%), non-formal educational background (1.4%), unemployed occupational group (1.0%), CD4 counts of >350 cells/µl (0.8%), and viral loads of 40-1000 copies/ml (0.7%). Conclusion: The study has demonstrated that among HIV-1 positive individuals presenting at a teaching hospital in Bayelsa, Nigeria, triple infections with the hepatitis B virus, Plasmodium falciparum, and Helicobacter pylori are common. This calls for concerted efforts in the management of people living with HIV-1 in Bayelsa, Nigeria.

[Affia, A. G., Awoibi, N. K., Koko, U. K., Onu, E. N., Frank-Peterside, N., Okerentugba, P. O., Awanye, A. M. & Okonko, I. O. Triple Infections of HBV, Plasmodium falciparum and Helicobacter pylori among people living with HIV presenting at a tertiary Hospital in Bayelsa State, Nigeria. Nat Sci 2024,22(3):48-56]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature 05. doi:10.7537/marsnsj220324.05.

Keywords: HBsAg, Plasmodium falciparum, HIV-1, Helicobacter pylori, co-infection

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Simulation of the Salt Wind Transport from the Desiccated Bottom of the Aral Sea During Dust Storms

Bibigul Tleumuratova ¹, Elzura Urazimbetova ^{1, 2}, Viktor Statov ^{1, 2}

^1. Karakalpak Branch of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Nukus, Uzbekistan

^2. Karakalpak State University, Nukus, Uzbekistan

elzurau@gmail.com

Abstract: Extensive salt removal from the dried seabed of the Aral Sea, which began with the desiccation of the sea, has a negative impact on the environment. Sulphates are especially dangerous, affecting public health, soil salinisation, and biota in general.  The need for quantitative estimates of the mass of toxic salts falling out to clarify the mechanism and degree of these impacts determines the relevance of studies of wind-driven salt removal. Absence of ground measurements of sulphate concentration, impossibility to separate sulphate fraction from the total mass of atmospheric aerosol by remote sensing methods, determines the use of applied mathematical modelling methods to track the spatial and temporal dynamics of salt distribution from the dried Aral Sea bed. This paper presents a numerical model of a salt-dust storm for wind-driven transport of salt-dust aerosol, which is a system of three sub-models of the meteorological block, from which the input data for the fourth sub-model - the turbulent diffusion equation, by which the concentration fields of sodium and magnesium sulphates are calculated. The result of the implementation is a 4-dimensional data array on spatial and temporal dynamics of the concentration distribution of these salts, as well as the volume of salts exported during one dust storm. In addition, the dynamics of the total volume of wind-driven salt removal from the dried seabed by decades of the period (1961-2020) is calculated using this model. The modelling results also revealed some regularities of the salt-dust storm plume structure.

[Tleumuratova B, Urazimbetova E, Statov V. Simulation of the Salt Wind Transport from the Desiccated Bottom of the Aral Sea During Dust Storms. Nat Sci 2024;22(3):57-70]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 06. doi:10.7537/marsnsj220324.06.

Keywords: Dried Aral Sea bed; salt and dust storms; atmospheric transport of sulphates; modelling

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