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Economic Study of the Most Influential Variables Affecting Tomato Crop in Egypt

Dr. Sherien Zaghloul Zaki and Dr. Mona Mahmoud Mohamed Mekawy

Agricultural Economics Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Egypt

Email: dr.sherimera@yahoo.com    Email: mekawy_mona@yahoo.com

Abstract: Tomatoes are considered an important food and manufacturing crop that many food industries rely on. They are grown throughout the year in Egypt. Despite the economic and nutritional importance of tomatoes, their production has decreased from about 6804 thousand tons in 2000 to about 6445 thousand tons in 2021 due to a decrease in the cultivated area from about 465 thousand acres in 2000 to about 357 thousand acres in 2021. Therefore, this research aimed to study the current situation of tomato production and consumption, as well as to predict the production, economic, and consumption indicators of the crop using the double exponential smoothing and moving average models to obtain the lowest values for the estimated criteria used in the prediction for the period from (2022-2026). The moving average model was based on three-year averages, while the double exponential smoothing model relied on suitable alpha and beta values that give the lowest error values. The research showed that the double exponential smoothing model is better than the moving average model as it gives the lowest value for all criteria used in prediction, including the mean absolute deviation (MAD), mean squared deviation (MSD), and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE). The research recommended increasing the cultivated area of the crop, whether through horizontal or vertical expansion, reducing crop loss by using proper methods of preservation and packaging, and working on deriving high-yield varieties that are resistant to pests.

[Sherien Zaghloul Zaki and. Mona Mahmoud Mohamed Mekawy. Economic Study of the Most Influential Variables Affecting Tomato Crop in Egypt .Nat Sci 2023,23(8):1-14]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature  01. doi:10.7537/marsnsj210823.01.

Keywords: Tomato crop, Double exponential smoothing, Moving average, Production and Consumption

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Lactobacillus plantarum subsp plantarum: Influence of growth parameter on bacteriocin production and characterization

Ijeoma Ijeoma Onyinyechi, Okerentugba Phillip O., Oranusi NO

Department of Microbiology, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria

Email: ij4onyi@gmail.com, phillip.okerentugba@uniport.edu.ng, Tel +234 8063365298; +2348033087332

Abstract: This study examine the influence of growth parameters on bacteriocin production and also characterized the crude bacteriocin obtained using the agar well diffusion method. Results were interpreted as the zone of inhibition measured in millimeter. Analysis variance observed a significance at p≤ 0.05. At initial pH levels below 7 bacteriocin production was observed to be growth associated while no influence of NaCl concentration and temperature on bacteriocin was observed. The crude bacteriocin produced was characterized as thermostable, aciduric and efficient at - 20^oC temperature of storage. The crude bacteriocin showed inhibitory activity against Bacillus cereus CGMCC 1.260, Enterococcus faecalis CGMCC 1.2629, Lactobacillus plantarum CGMCC 1.2707 and Listeria monocytogenes CGMCC 1.10753 used as indicator strains indicating its potentials as a biopreservative.

[Ijeoma Ijeoma Onyinyechi,Okerentugba Phillip O.,Oranusi NO.Lactobacillus plantarum subsp plantarum: Influence of growth parameter on bacteriocin production and characterization.Nat Sci2023,23(8):15-23] ISSN 1545-0740 (print) ISSN 2375-7167 (online) http://www.sciencepub.net/nature02. doi:10.7537/marsnsj210823.02.

Keywords: Lactobacillus plantarum; subsp plantarum; growth parameter’ bacteriocin‘ production； characterization

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The Implication Of Helicobacter Pylori In Stomach Ulcers And The    Sensitivity And Specificity Of Some Methods Used In Its Diagnosis.

Umeaku C.N. (Ph.D), Alachi, Mathias Ogbole

Department of Microbiology, Chukwuemeka,Odumegwu Ojukwu University, ULI. Anambra State, Nigria.

chimeaku@yahoo.com. 08036761216

MathiasAlachi@yahoo.com.  08164208180

 ABSTRACT:  A total of 152 ulcer patients were used in the analysis of Helicobacter pylori to establish the implication of Helicobacter pylori as causative agent of these ulcers and accesses the specificity and sensitivity of the various test method used. The research work was carried out in the project laboratory of the Department of Microbiology, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Uli and Faulty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Nnamdi Azikiwe University Agulu both in Anambra State, Nigeria. Helicobacter pylori serum antigen (HPsA), isolation using selective media, monoclonal faecal antigen enzyme immunoassay, and Biochemical and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods were utilized. Of the 152 samples, 62 were positive by HPsA method, 80 were positive by the culture method, 97 were positive by the monoclonal faecal antigen enzyme immunoassay and the Molecular biologic test confirmed the bacteria isolates positive for Helicobacter pylori. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value of the HPsA test are 65% (53.59-74.77), 91% (81-96.5), 90% (79.8-96.3), 67% (55.9-76) respectively. The sensitivity in the cultured method is 82% at 95% confidence interval (72.5-89.7), the specificity of this test is 85% at 95% confidence interval (74-92.6).The positive predictive value is 87.5% at 95% confidence interval (78-93.8) and negative predictive value is79% at 95% confidence interval (80.99-96).The sensitivity ,specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of the monoclonal faecal enzyme immunoassay are 94%(86.8-98),75%(62.5-84.4),82%(73-89) and91%(80-96.9) at 95 % confidence interval; respectively. This study shows that Helicobacter pylori are the major causative agent of gastric, duodenal, colon and peptic ulcers but is not the only causative agent of ulcer. Some other factors like long term use of antiflammatory drugs; hyperacidity has shown that Helicobacter pylori are not the only causative agent of ulcers.

[Umeaku C.N. (Ph.D), Alachi, Mathias Ogbole. The Implication Of Helicobacter Pylori In Stomach Ulcers And The Sensitivity And Specificity Of Some Methods Used In Its Diagnosis. .Nat Sci 2023,23(8):24-30].ISSN1545-0740(print);ISSN2375-7167(online).http://www.sciencepub.net/nature 03.doi:10.7537/marsnsj210823.03.

Keywords: Implication; Helicobacter Pylori; Stomach; Ulcer; Diagnosis

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Changes in Lipid profile, AST, ALT, urea, and creatinine by Nigella Sativa Seeds Powder in Adult Male Albino Diabetic Rats

Adel Shalaby, Khaled Abd-El-Sater, Gamal El-Din Abdel-Hamid*, Ahmad M. Hassan** and Ahmad S. S.Nour El-Deen

Departments of Medical Physiology and General Pathology*, Faculties of Medicine, Al-Azhar and Sohag** Universities

ABSTRACT

Background: The rising rates of diabetes mellitus indicate a need for enhanced education and training in effectively preventing, screening, diagnosing and treating the condition. Objective: Determination of the possible beneficial effects of Nigella Sativa Seeds powder in treatment of diabetes mellitus. Material and Methods:  One hundred and forty adult male albino rats of local strain, 8 weeks of age and weighing from 150 to 200 g, were chosen as an animal model for this study.  The animals were divided into control and diabetic groups.  Diabetes was induced by alloxan. After12 hours over night fasting, morning blood samples were collected for the determination of lipid profile, aspartate aminotransferase “AST”, alanine amino transferase “ALT”, creatinine and urea. Results: Lipid profile, AST, ALT and liver structure showed significant improvement with NS powder treatment. No statistically significant differences occur in creatinine or urea. Conclusion: NS seeds significantly decreased blood serum TC, TG and LDL, but increased HDL Supplementations of NS reduced the ALT and AST levels.Oral administration of NS seeds did not give any toxic effects on liver function evaluating hepatic enzymes level as well as histopathological changes of liver tissue.

[Adel Shalaby, Khaled Abd-El-Sater, Gamal El-Din Abdel-Hamid, Ahmad M. Hassan and Ahmad S. S. Nour El-Deen. Changes in Lipid profile, AST, ALT, urea, and creatinine by Nigella Sativa Seeds Powder in Adult Male Albino Diabetic Rats. .Nat Sci 2023,23(8):31-37]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature 04. doi:10.7537/marsnsj210823.04.

Keywords： Change; Lipid; profile; urea; creatinine; Nigella Sativa; Seed; Diabetic; Rat

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Analysis of stakeholder’s perspectives towards conservation of Volcanoes National Park, Northern Province, Rwanda.

Concorde NSENGUMUREMYI, Kampala International University (KIU),  Maria MBATUDDE, Kampala

International University (KIU),  

Festus MANIRIHO, University of Rwanda- College of Agriculture, Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine (UR-CAVM). Email; nsecorde@gmail.com

Abstract: The management and sustainable use of Protected Areas Management Policy in Rwanda is of great interest to many stakeholders. This study was conducted from May to July, 2016 to find out local communities and other stakeholders perceptions towards co-management of Volcanoes National Park (VNP). The sample size of the study was 81 respondents including neighbouring rural community from two sectors that depend on using VNP usually illegally and the key respondents from institutions and local leaders whose resources assist the VNP management. The findings indicated that stakeholders have different perspectives on co-management of VNP. Some of interviewed farmers showed negative attitude where they are not willing to perform agriculture on their lands because of crop destruction by wild animals from the park.  Both level of synergy and approaches used were moderate by the scale used. The study findings indicated that there is no relationship between stakeholder’s perspectives and co-management of VNP (r = 0.145, P>0.05). It was noted that stakeholders express various challenges such as lack of enough alternative solutions to the problems met by rural community. There is a need to formulate Park-people policy guidelines that will define roles of local stakeholders in protected area activities and programs.

[Concorde NSENGUMUREMYI, Festus MANIRIHO. Analysis of stakeholder’s perspectives towards conservation of Volcanoes National Park, Northern Province, Rwanda. Nat Sci 2023,23(8):38-47]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167(online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature 05.doi:10.7537/marsnsj210823.05.

Keywords: Stakeholders; co-management; Volcanoes National Park, Rwanda.

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The Use and Disposal of Medical Radioisotopes

Ahmed Alharbi

Department of Physics, Qassim University, Qassim 51452, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

qu.c@hotmail.com

Abstract: Radioactive radionuclides have been employed in medical applications since the early 1900s following the discovery of the artificial ²²⁶Ra. Although ²²⁶Ra source was used in cancer treatment for more than five decades in the previous century, it was eventually replaced by radioisotopes with low half-lives. This is because such isotope has a long half-life (t_1/2=1600 y) and can cause a second cancer resulting from long-term cell damage. These cancers include breast cancer and thyroid cancer appearing in a period between 10 to 40 years after initial treatment. Currently, most of radionuclides used in health care institutions have relatively low half-lives with the dominant source being ^99mTc which is utilized in more than 80% of worldwide hospitals procedures. However, such dominant isotope has faced a shortage in supply as the prime reactors’ suppliers have been shut down and therefore some approaches have proposed using accelerators to produce ^99mTc. However, the radioactive waste from nuclear medicine procedures could affect the surrounding environments as well as pose a threat to human health. Hence, different waste management techniques involving dilute and disperse, delay and decay, concentration and containment as well as the use of delay tanks, have been adopted in hospitals to prevent the release of hazardous radioactive nuclides.

[Ahmed Alharbi. The Use and Disposal of Medical Radioisotopes. Nat Sci 2023,21(8):48-52].ISSN1545-0740(print);ISSN2375-7167(online).http://www.sciencepub.net/nature  06.doi:10.7537/marsnsj210823.06.

Keywords: Gravitational wave detectors; Advanced LIGO interferometer; thermal Noise; quantum noise

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Comparing the Effectiveness of herbal and fluoridated dentifrices on Dental caries- A Systematic Review

DR. SHIVASHANKAR.K*, DR. MEIGNANA ARUMUGHAM.I**

*Post Graduate, Department of Public health dentistry, Saveetha Dental college and hospitals, Chennai, India.** Reader, Department of Public health dentistry, Saveetha Dental college and hospitals, Chennai, India.

shiva.freee@gmail.com

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Dental caries is a global oral health problem which has a distinctive variation. Cariogenic microorganisms like Streptococcus mutans and lactobacillus acidophilus are the primary causative microorganism for the development of dental caries. These cariogenic microorganisms encourage the accumulation and adherence of plaque biofilm by metabolizing sucrose into sticky glycan. The microorganisms in dental plaque degrade the dietary carbohydrates producing lactic acid leading to localized demineralization and the eventual formation of dental caries. Chemical plaque control like dentifrices used as an adjuvant to Mechanical plaque control is the most effective method of removing biofilm, thereby preventing dental caries. Various chemically derived antimicrobial agents are incorporated to dentifrices which includes Triclosan, zinc chloride etc. Other agents like fluoride, calcium phosphates are added to improve the anticariogenic properties of dentifrices. In recent times, there has been renewed interest in naturally occurring products. There are some dozen brands that claim or position themselves as natural, chemical-free, made of herbs. AIM: The aim of this systematic review was to analyse the existing literature to compare the effectiveness of herbal and conventional dentifrices on dental caries. MATERIALS AND METHODS: SEARCHSTRATEGY. The Data Bases of PubMed and Google scholar were searched up to September 2015 for the related topic. SELECTION CRITERIA.  Randomized controlled trials, comparative clinical trials and In-vitro studies in which the effectiveness of herbal and conventional dentifrices on dental caries. RESULTS: The systematic search revealed a total of 19 publications from PubMed and Google Scholar which were scrutinized based on pre-set inclusion and exclusion criteria.  Nine publications fulfilled all the inclusion criteria and 10 publications were excluded from the review. Out of nine studies, three studies were clinical studies and three were In-vitro studies. All the studies used Microbiological analysis for determination of cariogenic microorganisms in plaque and saliva whereas; one study used pH of plaque and saliva. Among the included studies, three studies had high risk of bias with level 2 evidence. CONCLUSION: With the evidences available it can be concluded that herbal toothpastes can be used as an alternative to fluoridated toothpaste and both has the similar kind effect on cariogenic microflora.

[DR. SHIVASHANKAR.K, DR. MEIGNANA ARUMUGHAM.I. Comparing the Effectiveness of herbal and fluoridated dentifrices on Dental caries- A Systematic Review. Nat Sci 2023,21(8):53-68]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature 07. doi:10.7537/marsnsj210823.07.

Keywords: Comparing； Effectiveness； herbal and fluoridated dentifrices；Dental； Systematic Review

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