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Rate of population expansion of Goniodes dissimilis Denny, 1842 (Ischnocera: Phthiraptera: Insecta)

Aftab Ahmad

Northern Regional Centre, ZSI, Kaulagarh Road, Dehradun Uttarakhand

Email-draftab.lifescience@rediffmail.com

Abstract: The average incubation period of the eggs recorded 5.55 + 0.19 days (range, 4-8 days, n=249), duration three nymphal instars 5.76 + 0.12 days (range, 4-7 days, n=211), 5.53 + 0.18 days (range, 4-7 days, n=185), 5.27 + 0.14 days (range, 4-7 days, n=128) respectively. The average adult life span of males and females was recorded 14.20 + 3.14 days (range, 2-26 days, n=60, 17.20 + 3.24 days (range, 2-29 days, n=60). The obtained through in vitro experimentation life table was constructed. Thus, maternal frequency was determined by multiplying the daily average egg rate by a factor of 0.51. The gross reproductive rate appeared to be 13.20; the net reproductive rate 2.83, mean length of generation 23.01 and precise corrected generation time 24.43. The value of intrinsic rate of natural increase was computed by using trial values of ‘r’ to find the figure which satisfies the equation ∑e^-rmxlxmx=1 shows that the values of e^-rmx when r=0.039. With this value of ‘r’ the summation of ∑e^-rmxlxmx proved to be 1.029. Likewise, at this value of ‘r’ the doubling time of G.dissimilis Denny, 1842 was found to be 23.90 days.

[Aftab Ahmad. Rate of population expansion of Goniodes dissimilis Denny, 1842 (Ischnocera: Phthiraptera: Insecta). Nat Sci 2022; 20(3);1-7]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 1. doi:10.7537/marsnsj200322.01.

Key words: In vitro, rate of natural increase, Ischnocera, Lice, Phthiraptera

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Analysis of price policies for importing yellow maize in Egypt

Dr. Kamel Salah El-Din Mohamed, Dr. Yasser Tawfiq Ahmed Hamza, and Dr. Reham Ahmed Gamal Mohammed Mahmoud

Agricultural Economics Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Egypt

Email: kamel.salah@yahoo.com, yasserhamza64@yahoo.com, rgamal779@yaho.com

Abstract: The corn crop is one of the most prominent cereal crops grown in Egypt in terms of economic and nutritional importance, as it enters into human and animal nutrition and is used in many diverse food industries, so the demand for maize is increasing with the increase in this importance, and silage manufacturing is one of the most important uses of maize. Its importance in feeding animals in recent years, especially in the summer, when there is less green fodder needed to feed animals. The problem of the study is represented in the production deficit of the yellow corn crop, which amounted to about 8543 thousand tons, which represents 50% of meeting the consumer needs, which amounted to 17,086 thousand tons in 2018, which prompted the state to fill the deficit by importing from abroad and bearing hard currencies. The study indicates that the area planted with corn in Egypt reached the lowest of 1,482 thousand faddan in 2011, while the highest amounted to 2,525 thousand faddan in 2015, with an average of 2,082.5 thousand faddan, and an annual growth rate of 1.4% during the period (2005-2008), as for the sufficiency rate The subjective corn crop reached its lowest level at 48% in 2012, while it was highest at 79% in 2009, with an average of 57.9%, and a decreasing annual growth rate of -1.3%, and the average per capita share of the corn crop was the lowest at 82.11 kg/year in 2017, while it reached The highest was 108.93 kg/year in 2005, with an average of 92.6 kg/year, and a decreasing annual growth rate of -1.5% during the same period. The corn crop ranked second in Egyptian imports of agricultural grains after the wheat crop by 40.6%, and ranked sixth globally with a value of 1.9 billion dollars, representing 12.2%, out of the total value of corn imports, which amounted to 15.57 billion dollars in 2020. The results also indicate that the value of trade resource transfers is negative, reaching -313.29, which means that there is no real support for trade inputs. The value of local resource transfers is negative - 7.46, which indicates the lack of real support for local inputs. As for the value of net transfers, it was positive 150.86. The government intervention policies in favor of the importer in the short term, and the nominal protection coefficient was 0.96, which explains the extent of government intervention. As for the nominal protection rate for commercial inputs - 0.4 is less than the correct one, and this means that there is no support for the price of imported corn ton. While the effective protection coefficient, which amounted to 1.33 indicates the existence of a stimulating policy for importers, despite the presence of direct or indirect taxes on commercial and local inputs, and the importer’s subsidy ratio reached 3.92. Study recommends: 1- The need for the state to work on importing its maize needs without Reliance on the private sector 2- Adopting a marketing policy that ensures consumers get their needs of yellow corn at the lowest price and highest efficiency 3- Increasing the cultivated areas of the crop and relying on modern high-productivity and high-protein varieties 4- Activating contract farming to ensure the marketing of the crop to farmers, increasing the cultivated area and reducing quantities 5 - Building storage silos to achieve food security and provide a strategic reserve for the state.

[Kamel Salah El-Din Mohamed, Yasser Tawfiq Ahmed Hamza, and Reham Ahmed Gamal Mohammed Mahmoud Analysis of price policies for importing yellow maize in Egypt.. Nat Sci 2022;20(3);8-24]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 2. doi:10.7537/marsnsj200322.02.

Keywords: Average per capita, self-sufficiency rate, imports, nominal protection factor, trade inputs

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Comprehensive Assessment Of The Delta's Natural Conditions And Resources For The Implementation Of Complex Differentiated Measures In The Desertified Part Of The Amudarya Delta

Professor Vaxab Asamovich Rafikov, Ziyodulla Akramovich Ganiyev, Elyor Aliyevich Fayziyev

ABSTRACT. This article provides a detailed scientific analysis of the natural conditions of the desert part of the Amudarya delta, rational use of resources, tugai ecosystems, ecological condition of irrigated lands and phytomeliorative and hydro-ameliorative conditions in the region, describes the proposals and recommendations for the future design of hydraulic structures. The importance of using the natural resources of the region in the development of the economy and focusing on optimizing the environmental situation is highlighted, and scientific conclusions are made on ensuring environmental sustainability.

[Professor Vaxab Asamovich Rafikov, Ziyodulla Akramovich Ganiyev, Elyor Aliyevich Fayziyev. Comprehensive Assessment Of The Delta's Natural Conditions And Resources For The Implementation Of Complex Differentiated Measures In The Desertified Part Of The Amudarya Delta.Nat Sci 2022; 20(3);25-29]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 3. doi:10.7537/marsnsj200322.03.

KEYWORDS: differential, assesment, hydraulic structures, universal, landscape, complexity principle, geosystem, genetic principle, dynamics, natural environment, delta, transformation, morphological, eluvial, hydromorphic, automorphic, intensive.

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Study On The Coupling Relationship Of Urbanization-Social Economy-Ecological Environment In Hohhot-Baotou-Ordos-Ulanqab Urban Agglomeration, China

Zheng Hui^[1],[2], Zhao Yongfeng ^1,2, Zulkhumor Tojiyeva Nazarovna¹

(1. School of Geography and Natural Resources, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent 100174, Uzbekistan;

2. School of Geographic Science and Planning, Jining Normal University, Wulanchabu 012000, People’s Republic of China)

Zheng Hui - ORCID code: 0000-0003-2482-4429

Zhao Yongfeng  -  ORCID code: 0000-0003-0389-2959

Zulkhumor Tojiyeva - ORCID code: 0000-0001-5626-9517

E-mail: 544185476@qq.com

Abstract：Taking Hohhot-Baotou-Ordos-Ulanqab Urban Agglomeration (HBOUUA) as the research object, the spatio-temporal evolution process and pattern of the coupling coordination of urbanization, social economy and ecological environment in HBOUUA from 2003 to 2018 were quantitatively measured by constructing a coupling coordination model of urbanization, social economy and ecological environment. The results indicate that: (1) The comprehensive development level of urbanization, social economy and ecological environment in HBOUUA presents an upward trend, experiencing the process of ecological environment advanced development, social economy advance development and urbanization advance development; (2) The coupling degree of HBOUUA urbanization-social economy-ecological environment system has been improved from high level coupling to high quality coupling, and the coupling coordination degree has undergone moderate coordination and then turned to good coordination. (3) The temporal sequence characteristics of coupling degree and coupling coordination degree of each municipality in HBOUUA display an upward trend, and the spatial characteristics show a spatial pattern of collaborative upgrading evolution. (4) It is recommended to set up the idea of ecological civilization, fully implement the new development concept, promote the green economic development model, preserve people's well-being, actively promote the HBOUUA integration process, continuously upgrade the regional collaborative innovation development capacity, and take the road to high-quality sustainable development.

[Zheng Hui, Zhao Yongfeng, Zulkhumor Tojiyeva Nazarovna. Study On The Coupling Relationship Of Urbanization-Social Economy-Ecological Environment In Hohhot-Baotou-Ordos-Ulanqab Urban Agglomeration, China. Nat Sci 2022; 20(3);30-43]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 4. doi:10.7537/marsnsj200322.04.

Key words: Urbanization-Social economy-Ecological environment；Coupling Coordination Model；Spatio-temporal coupling； Urban Agglomeration

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The Use Of Water Resources In The Akhangaran Basin In The Almalyk-Akhangaran Industrial Region

Fozilov Azamat Sobirovich, Samarkand State University, Uzbekistan.

E-mail: azamat-fozilov@mail.ru

Kholikulov Shodi Turdikulovich, Samarkand State University, Uzbekistan.

E-mail: kholikulov48@mail.ru

ABSTRACT: This article describes the state of groundwater and surface waters in the Akhangaran River basin, around the Almalyk Mining and Metallurgical Complex (AMMC), the amount of water consumed by the population of the city of Almalyk, the amount of precipitation in the region, and the annual flow regime of existing canals in the region. Comprehensive research methods, include the analysis of scientific and technical information on the geographical, hydrogeological, geomechanical and mineralogical compositions of the Almalyk industrial region, underground and surface waters, as well as the study of all valuable components by chemical, and X-ray structural methods, and atomic emission spectroscopy. Integration and point methods are used for measuring current velocity. Basic, detailed, abbreviated and graphical methods for measuring water flow are perfomed by electric metrs. Experimental filtration studies are carried out and systems of observation wells are organized. Additionally water temperature is measured with thermocouples and water density, salt concentration,  and water pH are measured using ionomers.

[Fozilov Azamat Sobirovich. Kholikulov Shodi Turdikulovich. The Use Of Water Resources In The Akhangaran Basin In The Almalyk-Akhangaran Industrial Region. Nat Sci 2022; 20(3);44-51]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online).http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 5. doi:10.7537/marsnsj200322.05.

KEY WORDS: Groundwater and surface water, Almalyk Mining and Metallurgical Complex (AMMC), air temperature, groundwater level, measurement, average annual flow

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Regional Types And Regionalization Of The Settlement Of Samarkand Region

Murodillo Kadirov, associate professor of Geography Department of Sam SU,

honorary academician of Academy of Sciences “Turan”, kadirovmurodillo@gmail.com

Davronov Kamolidin, senior Lecturer, Department of Geography and Natural Resources

Nasriddinova Farangiz., Raximov Muhammad, Masters of Samarkand State University

Abstract: The article considers regional types and regionalization of the settlement of Samarkand region. The territory of the region stands out for oasis, mountain, desert and suburban types of settlement. These types of settlements are analyzed and conclusions are drawn.

[Murodillo Kadirov. Regional Types And Regionalization Of The Settlement Of Samarkand Region. Nat Sci 2022; 20(3);52-55]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online).http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 6.

doi:10.7537/marsnsj200322.06.

Keywords: regional types, settlement, oasis, mountainous, desert, suburban, urbanagglomeration, hydrographic network (system), transport network, population density

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Physicochemical and organoleptic properties of cooked cassava (Manihot esculenta L.) dough enriched with selected defatted legume flours

Akinsola, A.O^*., Taiwo-Oshin, M.A^**., Oyeleye, B.R^**.,  Adepoju, A.F^**., Afonja, T.E^**. and Gbadegesin, I.A.

^*Department of Home Economics, Federal College of Education (Special) Oyo, Nigeria, Chief Lecturer, PhD.

Email: akinsola4gold@gmail.com

**Lecturers in the Department.

Abstract: The study investigated the physicochemical and organoleptic properties of cooked cassava dough fortified with selected defatted legume flours. Four different defatted legume flours were used to produce composite cassava flour while 100 % cassava flour was used as control sample. The five different cassava flours were used to produce cooked cassava dough popularly call “Amala-lafun” in Nigeria. The proximate composition, mineral profiles, antinutritional factors, functional and pasting properties of the flours as well as sensory attributes of the cooked cassava dough were determined using standard analytical methods. Results obtained shows that proximate composition and mineral profiles were significantly improved at alpha P < 0.05 compared to control sample while determined antinutritional factors of all the samples falls within tolerant levels. Functional and pasting properties of the sample flours and its cooked dough significantly (p<0.05) improved than the control sample. Sensory property of the cooked cassava dough shows that using defatted legume of the study samples will be acceptable to consumers especially defatted soybean-cassava flour cooked dough which had overall acceptability score of 7.35. The study result shows that fortifying cassava flour with defatted legume flour enhanced its nutrition density, physicochemical properties and sensory attributes.   

[Akinsola, A.O^*., Taiwo-Oshin, M.A^**., Oyeleye, B.R^**.,  Adepoju, A.F^**., Afonja, T.E^**. and Gbadegesin, I.A.Physicochemical and organoleptic properties of cooked cassava (Manihot esculenta L.) dough enriched with selected defatted legume flours.Nat Sci 2022; 20(3);56-65]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online).http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 7. doi:10.7537/marsnsj200322.07.

Keywords: Composite flour, cooked cassava dough, defatted legume flour, fortifying, sensory attributes

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Characterizing the Occupational versus Community Risk of COVID-19 Infection among Healthcare Workers: Teachings for this pandemic and beyond

Mashal  Al-Sayali¹, Abdullah Jaber Alsahafi², Khalid Hamdan Al-Anazi³, Abdullah Mohammed Algarni², Nagham Khalid Abdulrahman⁴, Ibrahim Mohammed Asiri², Nidal Abduljaleel Tashkandy⁴, Moutaz Mansour Wali⁴, Rami Abdullah Altowergi⁴, Anwar Ali Alzahrani⁴, Faten Mohammed Felemban⁴, Seadah Masad Almutairi⁴, Tahani Saleh Saeed Alshehri⁴, Reem Jameel Mesari⁴, Wafa Ahamd Basfr⁴, Sultan Hassan Hamzah Albarqi⁴, Hisham Yahya Alghamdi⁴, Afra Yousef S Kulthum⁴, Rula Hasen Mohammed Felemban⁴, Rehab MAnzili Alruwaili ⁴, Ghada Naji Dewedar⁴, Yousef Mohammed Al Hazmi⁴, Manal Fahad Hazzaa Alharbi⁵

¹The Director General of Jeddah Health Affairs, Saudi Arabia.

²Public health department, Directorate of health affairs in Jeddah, Ministry of health, Saudi Arabia.

³Director General, General Directorate of Infection prevention &Control. Ministry of Health,

Saudi Arabia

⁴Administration of infection prevention and control, public health department, Directorate of health affairs in Jeddah, Ministry of health, Saudi Arabia.

⁵Infection control department, King Fahad hospital in Jeddah, Ministry of health, Saudi Arabia.

E-mail: ajal-sahafi@moh.gov.sa

Abstract: Objectives: To present study was designed to characterize the portion of occupational versus community-acquired COVID-19 among infected healthcare workers (HCWs), by estimating the levels of in-hospital versus community exposure to high-risk situations and their respective associations with a positive history of COVID-19 infection. Method: A cross-sectional study was carried out between 1^st January and 15^th February 2021, involving 614 HCWs from all-type healthcare institutions of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. An online questionnaire was implemented via official emailing to explore several dimensions of occupational and non-occupational exposure to COVID-19, including participation in high-risk care situations, performance of high-risk procedures, other occupational risk factors, high-risk situations within community, besides the levels of adherence to preventive measures within hospital and in community. Scores (range=0-10) were calculated on each of these exposure dimensions.  Result: The prevalence of COVID-19 infection among the participants was 32.6% (95%CI=28.9-36.4%). A ROC curve analysis model was explored to explain the risk of COVID-19 associated with cumulative exposure to occupational and community factors. The model showed an AUC=0.694 (95%CI=0.651-0.737), which was not much higher compared to in-hospital exposure to high-risk care situations (AUC=0.674) or in-hospital cumulative exposure (AUC=0.663). The risk of COVID-19 was independently associated with the level of exposure to high-risk care situations (OR=1.20), high-risk situations within community (OR=1.07), and failure to perform fit test for N95 respirator (OR=1.85), besides factors related to the type of facility and department of affiliation.  Conclusion: The increased risk for COVID-19 infection among HCWs is a multifactorial and multifaceted issue with several implications. It implies accurate identification of the risk profiles and continuous monitoring of the environmental and behavioral hazards to adapt the baseline levels of awareness and protection of the healthcare personnel.

[Mashal  Al-Sayali, Abdullah Jaber Alsahafi, Khalid Hamdan Al-Anazi, Abdullah Mohammed Algarni, Nagham Khalid Abdulrahman, Ibrahim Mohammed Asiri, Nidal Abduljaleel Tashkandy, Moutaz Mansour Wali, Rami Abdullah Altowergi, Anwar Ali Alzahrani, Faten Mohammed Felemban, Seadah Masad Almutairi, Tahani Saleh Saeed Alshehri, Reem Jameel Mesari, Wafa Ahamd Basfr, Sultan Hassan Hamzah Albarqi, Hisham Yahya Alghamdi, Afra Yousef S Kulthum, Rula Hasen Mohammed Felemban, Rehab MAnzili Alruwail, Ghada Naji Dewedar, Yousef Mohammed Al Hazmi, Manal Fahad Hazzaa Alharbi. Characterizing the Occupational versus Community Risk of COVID-19 Infection among Healthcare Workers: Teachings for this pandemic and beyond. Nat Sci 2022; 20(3);66-82]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 8. doi:10.7537/marsnsj200322.08.

Keywords: Occupational, Community Risk, COVID-19, pandemic, beyond

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