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Evaluation of coronary artery disease using dynamic volume CT

Emam M.A¹, Alya A², Kamal M.Z³

¹Professor of Radiodiagnosis, Faculty of Medicine (for Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt

²Asst. Prof. Dr. Radiodiagnosis, Faculty of Medicine (for Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt

³ Specialist of Radiodiagnosis, Nasser Institute, Ministry of Health, Cairo, Egypt

Emammohamed.18@azhar.edu.eg, Alyaelnaggar@azhar.edu.eg, kamalmahmoud1@hotmail.com

Abstract: Background: Dynamic volume CT (DVCT) is a recent development in the MDCT that allows ECG-gated complete coronary coverage in a single gantry rotation. Patient with cardiac chest pain may have either coronary artery disease (CAD) or non-CAD related etiologies. MDCT angiography plays an important role in patients with chest pain, where etiologies other than CAD are also in question. It can access accurately CAD, anomalous coronary artery and pericardial disease. Objectives: The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of Dynamic volume CT (640-MSCT) coronary angiography in patients presenting with chest pain suspected for CAD and to detect its ability to exclude significant CAD. Methods: This study included 50 patients suspected for CAD; Conventional angiography was considered the reference standard technique for 20 cases. Results of both modalities were compared on per-segment basis Results: Out of the 50 cases 9 (18%) patients were normal, 18 (32%) cases showed non-significant CAD and 19 (38%) cases showed significant coronary artery disease and 7 (14%) cases showed anomalous coronary arteries. Zero calcium score was detected in 16 cases (32%) including one case showing significant CAD. Calcium score below 100 in 20 cases (40%) and above 100 in 14 cases (28%). Dynamic volume CT coronary angiography compared to CCA as reference standard showed sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV& accuracy; 98%, 97.7%, 90.5%, 99.5, 97.7% respectively. Conclusion: our results show that non invasive dynamic volume CT coronary angiography is a reliable technique to detect coronary stenos is in patients with suspected CAD and suggest that this noninvasive technique can now be considered an alternative to invasive diagnostic coronary angiography in this group of patients. Key words: Coronary artery disease (CAD) – 640-Multi-Slice Computed Tomography (640-MSCT) – Dynamic volume CT (DVCT).

 [Emam M.A, Alya A, Kamal M.Z. Evaluation of coronary artery disease using dynamic volume CT.Nat Sci 2021; 19(6);1-9]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 1. doi:10.7537/marsnsj191021.01.

Key words: Coronary artery disease (CAD) –320-Multi-detectors computed tomography (320-MDCT) – I Dynamic volume CT (DVCT) 0.6

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Stripping of Fetal Membranes as a Method of Labor Induction in Term Pregnancy

Mahmoud Ibrahim Almolakab Belrashidy, Khaled M. Abdallah, Hanaa Atia Mobarak Abdallah

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Al- Azhar University (Assiut), Egypt

hnah92550@gmail.com

Abstract: Background: Stripping of membranes is a safe method to reduce the length of term in pregnancy and the incidence of prolonged gestation, it is performed to facilitate delivery and prevent complications of hard labor in both mother and her neonate. Objective: To assess the efficacy of stripping of foetal membranes as a simple non pharmacological method for induction of labor in term pregnancy. Patients and Methods: This prospective, randomized, control, clinical study was carried on 200 pregnant women came for antenatal care at the department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qous central Hospital. In the period from September 2020 to September 2021. Women were classified into 2 equal groups according to whether Stripping of fetal membranes was performed or not. Group A (stripping of membranes) and Group B (vaginal examination without stripping of membranes). Each group was followed up throughout the duration of delivery for assessment of mode of delivery and fetal score. Results: Compared to without stripping of membranes, the (stripping of membranes group was significantly higher in as regard onset of labor, first stage by hours and vaginal delivery (p-value 0.01, 0.02 and 0.01) respectively. Conclusion: In term pregnancies with spontaneous vaginal deliveries, stripping of membrane is safe method of labor induction, It result in rapid onset of labor, less time of first stage and less incidence of caesarian section.

[Mahmoud Ibrahim Almolakab Belrashidy, Khaled M. Abdallah, Hanaa Atia Mobarak Abdallah Stripping of Fetal Membranes as a Method of Labor Induction in Term Pregnancy Nat Sci 2021;19(10):10-15]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature 2. doi:10.7537/marsnsj191021.02.

Keywords: stripping of membrane, onset of labor, mode of delivery.

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Heavy metal contents of five major medicinal tree species in two communities reflecting high and low pollution gradients in Greater Port Harcourt city, Rivers state, Nigeria

*Chima, U.D., Fredrick, C., Alex A.  and Ikwumadi, E.M.

Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, University of Port Harcourt, 500001, Nigeria

Corresponding Author’s Email: uzoma.chima@uniport.edu.ng

ABSTRACT: This study was conducted at Ogbogoro Community and Eleme Petro-Chemical Company environs located within the Greater Port Harcourt City, Rivers State, Nigeria to evaluate the concentrations of heavy metals in five most used medicinal plant species along a low (Ogbogoro) to high (Eleme Petro-Chemical environs)  pollution gradient. The user preference approach was used to rank and select five major medicinal plant species - Azadirachta indica, Annona muricata, Mangifera indica, Moringa oleifera and Persea americana, at each location, for the evaluation of heavy metal contents. Most of these species in addition to their medicinal importance also serve as sources of food and income to the people residing at both locations. Plant samples were collected in triplicates from the leaves and bark of the plant species depending on the identified parts used for treating ailments. Heavy metals – Copper (Cu), Lead (Pb), Cadmium (Cd) and Nickel (Ni) contents of the samples were determined using standard laboratory methods. Student t-test was used to test for significant difference (p ≤ 0.05) in heavy metal concentrations of each species between both locations. One-way analysis of variance was used to test for significant difference (p ≤ 0.05) in the concentrations of heavy metals among the five species at each location. Cadmium (Cd) and Ni were absent in all the species at both locations. Lead (Pb) and Cu varied significantly among the species at each location, and also in each species between the two locations with higher concentrations recorded at Eleme Petro-Chemical environs in most species. The concentrations of heavy metals were higher in leaves than in barks. Concentrations of Pb and Cu in the species at both locations were found to be above the permissible limits set by the WHO/FAO except in the leaves of A. indica at Eleme and the leaves of M. oleifera and M. indica at Ogbogoro. However, heavy metal concentrations in the bark samples were within the permissible limits. The need to regulate anthropogenic activities responsible for the release of heavy metals at the study locations was emphasized.

[Chima, U.D., Fredrick, C., Alex A.  and Ikwumadi, E.M. Heavy metal contents of five major medicinal tree species in two communities reflecting high and low pollution gradients in Greater Port Harcourt city, Rivers state, Nigeria. Nat Sci 2021; 19(10);16-26]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 3. doi:10.7537/marsnsj191021.03.

Keywords: Medicinal plants, heavy metals, pollution, leaves, bark

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The Role Of The Development Of International Mountain Tourism In The Turkestan Ridge In The Social Life Of The Local Population

Matluba Gozieva

Director of the academic lyceum at Jizzakh Polytechnic Institute

Abstract: This article examines the issues of improving the social life of the local population, ie employment, through the development of international mountain tourism in the Turkestan ridge.

[Matluba Gozieva.The Role Of The Development Of International Mountain Tourism In The Turkestan Ridge In The Social Life Of The Local Population. Nat Sci 2021; 19(10);27-29]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 4. doi:10.7537/marsnsj191021.04.

Keywords - Tourism, active work, recreation, natural geography, service, medicine, sports, gastrotourism, transport

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Geospatial Assessment Of Land Use/Land Cover Change And Its Impact On Forest Cover In Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria

*Ubaekwe, Rosemary Egodi¹, Chima, Uzoma Darlington² and Okonkwo, Nora Ogechi¹

¹ Department of Forestry and Wildlife Technology, Federal University of Technology Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria.

² Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria.

*Corresponding author: Ubaekwe, Rosemary Egodi, Email: rosemary.ubaekwe@futo.edu.ng

ABSTRACT: Land use and land cover change (LULCC) is one of the principal environmental challenges in different parts of the globe. Consequently, this study evaluated LULCC in Owerri since the last 40years (1980-2020) and next 40years (2020 - 2060) using geospatial techniques. Primary and secondary data were employed for the study. Primary data were systematically collected using Geographical Positioning System; the secondary data (Satellite Imageries of 1980, 2000 and 2020) were acquired from United States Geological Survey (USGS). The imageries were processed, enhanced and classified into four LULC classes using supervised classification in Idrisi and ArcGis10.5. Result showed that forest land, built up, grass/agricultural land and water body were the four major LULC in the study area. Kappa coefficient values of 91%, 85% and 92% for 1980, 2000 and 2020 respectively shows strong accuracy of the classification. There were significant changes in area coverage of different LULC classes. Forest cover was on a continuous decrease while built up, grass land and water body were on a continuous increase. Within the period (1980 - 2020), 210.2km² of forest land cover was converted to other land use, while built up, grass land and water body gained 179.05km², 24.16km² and 7.02km² respectively from the original forest land cover. A similar trend of persistent forest reduction and built-up expansion were also predicted. Urbanization, human population explosion and high socio-economic activities were the major factors of LULCC in the area. Proper LULC planning and effective management are emphasised to ensure sustainable development in the area.

[Ubaekwe, Rosemary Egodi, Chima, Uzoma Darlington and Okonkwo, Nora Ogechi. Geospatial Assessment Of Land Use/Land Cover Change And Its Impact On Forest Cover In Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria. Nat Sci 2021; 19(10);30-38]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 5. doi:10.7537/marsnsj191021.05.

Keywords: Land use change detection, Mapping, Remote sensing, GIS, Prediction, Owerri

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Determination of Chlorophyll Content of Six Provenances of Faidherbia albida (Delile) A. Chev Using SPAD-502 Chlorophyll Meter and Spectrophotometer

Charity Fredrick^1,3*, Catherine Muthuri², Kamau Ngamau³, Fergus Sinclair², Uzoma Darlington Chima¹

¹ University of Port Harcourt, P.M.B. 5323, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria.

² World Agroforestry Centre, United Nations Avenue, Gigiri, P.O. Box 30677-00100, Nairobi, Kenya.

³ Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, P.O. BOX 62000-00200, Nairobi, Kenya.

*Corresponding author: Tel. +2349052638825; Email: charity.fredrick@uniport.edu.ng, charitefred@gmail.com.

Abstract: The objective of this study was to assess the chlorophyll content of the seedlings of six provenances (Awassa, Chinzombo, Lake Koka, Maseno, Taveta, and Wagingombe) of F. albida using the soil plant analysis development (SPAD) meter and Spectrophotometer and to determine the relationship between the chlorophyll contents of the six provenances as determined by the two instruments. SPAD measurements were made on the leaves of nine (9) randomly selected seedlings per provenance and averaged. Readings were made at three locations on the leaves ranging from the youngest to senescent (when available). SPAD readings were taken from the second to fifth month after transplanting. Chlorophyll concentration was determined by subjecting the leaves to a spectrophotometric analysis. There was no significant difference among provenances in SPAD readings at months 2 and 3, but significant differences were observed at months 4 and 5. Highest SPAD readings were found in Chinzombo at month 2 and 3 and in Wagingombe at month 4 and 5 while lowest SPAD reading were found in Lake Koka at months 2, 4 and 5 and in Awassa at month 3. There was significant variation among provenances in chlorophyll contents using Spectrophotometer. Total chlorophyll was highest for Awassa and lowest for Wagingombe provenances. There was a nonlinear relationship between the chlorophyll contents of the six provenances as determined by the two instruments.Whereas the Southern African provenances (Chinzombo and Wagingombe) had the highest chlorophyll content using the SPAD meter, an Eastern African provenance (Awassa) had the highest total chlorophyll content followed by Chinzombo when the Spectrophotometer was used. The nonlinear relationship observed between the chlorophyll contents of the provenances as determined by the two instruments (SPAD and Spectrophotometer) could be attributed to provenance effect. Therefore, the SPAD meter cannot be relied upon as an alternative to spectrophotometric analysis for chlorophyll content determination in F. albida.

[Charity Fredrick, Catherine Muthuri, Kamau Ngamau, Fergus Sinclair, Uzoma Darlington Chima.Determination of Chlorophyll Content of Six Provenances of Faidherbia albida (Delile) A. Chev Using SPAD-502 Chlorophyll Meter and Spectrophotometer. Nat Sci 2021; 19(10);39-46].ISSN1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 6.doi:10.7537/marsnsj191021.06.

Keywords: Faidherbia albida, SPAD meter, Chlorophyll content, spectrophotometric analysis

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Review on Considerable Factors and situations for Physical Restraining and Handling of Equine and Bovine

Getinet Ayalew ¹, Maradona Birhanu ², Melesse Gebrie ³, Getaneh Zegeye ³, Temesgen Tefera ³ , Efrata Molla¹

^1. University of Gondar, Collage of Natural Science, Department of Biotechnology, Gondar, Ethiopia, PO. Box. 196.

^2. Department of animal health, Alage ATVET College, Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resource, Ethiopia

^3. Hawassa University, School of Veterinary Medicine, Hawassa, Ethiopia

E-mail: quine2003@gmail.com

Abstract: Restraint and handling varies from confinement in an unnatural enclosure to complete restriction of muscular activity or immobilization. These can be achieved with the utilization of physical restraint and chemical restraint is now the time being is on practiced. This review is to simplify and collect under one review discussions and illustrations of the principles of animal restraint, restraining and handling and to describe some restraint practices for diverse species of domestic animals. It is hoped that this review will satisfy that need for all who handle animals particularly veterinarians; animal caretakers; wildlife biologists; wildlife rehabilitators; personnel of zoos, research, and humane society facilities; and any others who deal with animals.

[Getinet A, Maradona B, Melesse G, Getaneh Z, Temesgen T. Review on Physical Restraining and Handling of Equine and Bovine.Nat Sci 2021; 19(10);47-49]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 7. doi:10.7537/marsnsj191021.07.

Key Words: Restraint, Equine, Bovine, Handling

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Hematological Parameters of Goats: An Aid in the Diagnosis of Gastrointestinal (GIT) and Respiratory Diseases

¹Kefyalew Chirkena, ¹Sisay Getachew and ²Getachew Dinede

¹Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries, Livestock Identification and Traceability System, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

²Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries, Epidemiology Directorate, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Corresponding author: Dr.Getachew Dinede, Epidemiology Directorate, Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, Email: dinedegech@gmail.com

ABSTRACT: The present hematological study was conducted on Goats to assess the hematological parameters of apparently normal and diseased goats as a diagnostic tool for GIT and Respiratory infections.  For this study, a total of 36 blood samples were collected from 12 apparently normal Goats (6 from each sex) and 24 diseased ones. In the latter case, 12 Goats (6 from each sex) were sampled for GIT diseases; whereas the other 12 Goats (6 from each sex) were sampled for respiratory diseases. The blood samples collected were subjected to laboratory analysis to determine ESR, Hb, PCV, TEC, TLC and DLC. Erythrocytic indices were calculated from the values of Hb, PCV and TEC. In apparently normal Goats, the mean values of Hb, PCV and TEC were significantly higher in males than females and it was observed statistically significant. Sex had significantly (P<0.05) influenced the mean values of Hb, PCV and TEC. In goats infected with GIT, the mean values of Hb, PCV in males and MCHC in females were decreased, but the value of ESR in both sexes and TLC in females were significantly increased (P<0.05) when compared to apparently normal ones. In case of respiratory infections, the values of ESR, TLC and nuetrophils in males were increased, where as lymphocyte were decreased. The mean values of ESR, TEC, LTC and neutrophils in females were significantly increased (P<0.05), but lymphocytes were found to be decreased as compared to apparently normal ones.

[Chirken K,Getachew S,Dinede G. Hematological Parameters of Goats: An Aid in the Diagnosis of Gastrointestinal (GIT) and Respiratory Diseases. Nat Sci 2021; 19(10);50-56]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 8. doi:10.7537/marsnsj191021.08.

Key words: Gastrointestinal infections; Goats, Hematological parameters, normal conditions, Respiratory infections

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