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Econometric analytical study of agricultural output determinants

Dr. Ghada Abdel Fattah Mostafa  and  Dr. Rania Abd-Allah El-Saied Tolba

Agricultural Economic Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza, Egypt

dr.rania_tolba@yahoo.com

Abstract: In recent years, Egypt has faced many political and economic changes, which have negative impact on the agricultural sector; decline in the contribution of the agricultural output to GDP had been noticed from about 14% in 2005/2006 to about 11% in 2018/2019. This research therefore aims to measure the causation between agricultural output and the most important determinants using Vector Auto Regression (VAR). The causations between agricultural output and both agricultural investment and agricultural exports was studied after examining all the explanatory factors affecting agricultural output and estimating the significance of these two variables.

[Ghada Abdel Fattah Mostafa and Rania Abd-Allah El-Saied Tolba. Econometric analytical study of agricultural output determinants. Nat. Sci. 2021; 19 (6):1-15]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature 1. doi:10.7537/marsnsj190621.01.

Keywords: Agricultural output, VAR Vector Auto Regression model, Granger causal test, batch response function.

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Expanding Motivation Vision on the Business Ethics and Functional Behavior

Thamer H. AL-Nuwaybit

Master of Business Administration with Major in Science in Accounting

dr.thameralnwabeat@gmail.com

Abstract: Employees face a variability of ethical concerns in daily decision making. Environmental worries, employee and community well-being and other business interests (customers, suppliers and competitors) are just a few examples. However, the company does not always address how employees assess the ethical importance of behavior and incorporate these considerations into decision making. Consequence, moral considerations are overlooked, leading to unethical practices that can hurt the long-term interests of human rights. This research will support in understanding the main issues related to development of ethical culture and functional behavior in the organization. Moreover, it will also allow us to find the motivating factors that are involved in motivation business ethics and functional behavior within staffs and the business organization. This way recommendations and strategies can be developed which will allow us to understand how to motivate employees to develop business ethics and have functional behavior.

[Thamer H. AL-Nuwaybit. Expanding Motivation Vision on the Business Ethics and Functional Behavior Nat. Sci. 2021; 19 (6):16-21]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature 2. doi:10.7537/marsnsj190621.02.

Key words: Motivation Vision - Business Ethics – Functional Behavior

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Noise Sources in Gravitational Wave Detectors

Ahmed Alharbi ^1,2

^1. Department of Physics, Qassim University, Qassim 51452, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

^2. University of Liverpool, Oliver Lodge Building, Liverpool, L69 7ZE, UK

qu.c@hotmail.com

Abstract: The current Advanced LIGO interferometer is limited by coating thermal noise at frequencies between 40 and 200 Hz and quantum noises at most of the sensitivity band (above 10 Hz). However, the future Einstein Telescope observatory is expected to improve the sensitivity by a factor of 10. This will be accomplished by operating at cryogenic temperature with using a low loss material such as silicon to reduce the coating Brownian thermal noise contribution. Further improvement will be made by utilizing a higher laser power and heavy mirrors to mitigate shot noise and radiation pressure noise respectively. Further studies on mitigating coating Brownian noise and quantum noise are essential as they are expected to be the main noises affecting future detectors.

[Ahmed Alharbi. Noise Sources in Gravitational Wave Detectors. Nat.  Sci. 2021; 19 (6):22-25]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 3.  doi:10.7537/marsnsj190621.03.

Keywords: Gravitational wave detectors; Advanced LIGO interferometer; thermal Noise; quantum noise

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An Allometric growth estimation and ethnobotanical studies of Hippophae rhamnoides subsp. turkestanica from Oshikhandas and Bagrot valleys of district Gilgit, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan

Nelam Shahzadi¹, Tika Khan^1&2, Shamsher Ali³

¹Department of Biological Sciences, Karakoram International University, Gilgit, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan

²Integrated Mountain Area Research Centre, Karakoram International University, Gilgit, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan

³Chemistry Department, Karakoram International University, Gilgit, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan

Abstract: Sea buckthorn, an Eleagnaceae shrub known as ‘Burro, Kono, Shasho, Chanxho’ in Shina language spoken in Gilgit-Baltistan has a long history of human affiliation. Traditionally it is used for fencing, stomach pain (abdominal pain), its fired coal used for teeth cleansing, for teeth sensitivity fired coal mixed with table salt, goiter, blood pressure, heart attack, healing heel cracks, soil stabilization, soil fertility, fodder, income generation, anti-aging, skin diseases including ring guard, teeth whitening, berries also used for blackening and shining of hair, firewood, fired coal used for iron heating and fired coal due to high heat used during sharpening of metal cutting equipment like knives, saw, reaping books and hatchet. The conclusion is that this plant has more significant and more useful for human being as well as animals. Results revealed that mean leaf area of Bagrot valley is relatively greater (1.258 cm) than Oshikhandas (0.464 cm). Similarly, mean plat height in Bagrot is less (3.08 ft) than Oshikhandas (5.811 ft). Mean weight of 100 berries was 6.902 g and 100 seeds was 0.6177 g. Mean stem diameter recorded from both valleys was 4.22 cm. People from Oshikhandas having more male as compared female plants need to plant female plants to have berries to contribute into their income generation.

[Nelam Shahzadi, Tika Khan, Shamsher Ali. (2016). An Allometric growth estimation and ethnobotanical studies of Hippophae rhamnoides subsp. turkestanica from Oshikhandas and Bagrot valleys of district Gilgit, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan. Nat Sci 2021; 19(6);26-28].ISSN1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 4.doi:10.7537/marsnsj190621.04.

Key words: Seabuckthorn, Eleagnaceae, Medicinal Plants, Anti-aging, Anti-inflammatory, wonderful plant, Omega

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An Allometric Growth Estimation Study of Brassica Rapa subsp. Chinensis (Bok Choy) Collected from villages of Danyore, Oshikhandas, Zulfiqarabad and Khomar district Gilgit, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan.

Rashmeen¹, Tika Khan^1&2*

¹Department of Biological Sciences, Karakoram International University, Gilgit, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan

²Integrated Mountain Area Research Centre, Karakoram International University, Gilgit, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan

*corresponding author: tika.khan@kiu.edu.pk    

Abstract: This allometric study dealt with leaf growth estimation rates of Brassica Rapa subsp. Chinensis (Bok choy or pak choi) of Brassicaceae family. It has a long history of use in the area and know with different vernaculars including ‘Hazigar’, ‘Pino Sha’, ‘Sha’ and ‘Hoy’. It is an excellent source of vitamin K, vitamin C, vitamin A in the form of carotenoids, potassium, folate, vitamin B, calcium and manganese. Traditionally it is used against constipation, jaundice, to cure stomach pains and weight loss. Study revealed that mean leaf area of Bok choy in Gilgit -Baltistan is 1270.784 cm² and overall mean growth per day growth is 14.12 cm. The average area growth rate in Oshikhandas is 1.4966 cm while in Danyore it is 1.2129 cm, in Zulfiqarabad is 0.5334 cm in Khomer is 14.12 cm.

[Rashmeen, Tika Khan. (2016). An Allometric Growth Estimation Study of Brassica Rapa subsp. Chinensis (Bok Choy) Collected from villages of Danyore, Oshikhandas, Zulfiqarabad and Khomar district Gilgit, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan. Nat Sci 2021; 19(6);29-31]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 5.doi:10.7537/marsnsj190621.05.

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Key words: Pak choi, Brassicaceae, constipation, jaundice, weight loss, Karakorum, Northern areas.

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Comparative Analysis Of The Population Growth Of Dermestes Maculatus And The Damage Caused On Three Smoked Fish Species

Ete^1*, J. A., Akinwande², K. L. Alamu³, O.T. and Ihionu⁴. G.C

¹Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria, Ibadan.

²Department of Biology Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria

³Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria, Ibadan.

⁴Nigeria Stored Product Research Institute, Lagos.

*Corresponding author e-mail: johnete18@gmail.com

Abstract: Fish is one of the major sources of protein in Nigeria and world-wide. Great losses to fish in storage have been attributed to insect pests and some other pathogenic organisms. In this study, laboratory experiments were conducted to analyse the population growth of Dermestes maculatus (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) and its damage on smoked Clarias gariepinus Burchell, Tilapia niloticus Linnaeus and Synodontis nigrita Cuvier in storage under ambient conditions. The experiment was conducted using Completely Randomized Design with each fish species replicated three times. The population of D. maculatus at different days after infestation and the respective damage on each fish species was analysed using ANOVA and differences in means were separated using LSD at p<0.05. The results revealed that the population of D. maculatus was significantly higher in S. nigrita than in T. niloticus and C. gariepinus. The population of D. maculatus and damage caused on each fish species increased with increase in the days after infestation. A significantly higher damage was recorded on S. nigrita while T. niloticus suffered the least damage. The population of D. maculatus significantly correlated positively with the damage recorded on the three fish species.

[Ete, J. A., Akinwande, K. L. Alamu, O.T. and Ihionu. G.C. Comparative Analysis Of The Population Growth Of Dermestes Maculatus And The Damage Caused On Three Smoked Fish Species. Nat Sci 2021; 19(6);32-38]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 6. doi:10.7537/marsnsj190621.06.

Key words: Population, weight loss, susceptibility, smoked fish, Dermestes maculatus

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Prevalence of Anti-Islet cell antibody in patients with hepatogenous diabetes

Mohamed Abdel Hady Mashahit¹, Hoda Abd El Badie Hussein¹, Hala Sayed Eltoukhy¹, Noha Khalifa Abd ELghaffar², Reham Samir Ahmed Seif El Yazel^*1

¹Departments of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Egypt

²Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Egypt.

E-Mail: rsa11@fayoum.edu.eg

Abstract: Background: Diabetes is frequently found in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection even before the development of advanced liver disease. The underlying mechanism responsible for derangements in glucose tolerance is poorly understood. Objective: To detect the presence of anti-islet cell antibodies in patients with hepatitis C virus and diabetes. Patients and methods: The study included 80 subjects, 40 chronic hepatitis C adult patients (18 to 75 years old) of both sexes with positive HCV ribonucleic acid (RNA), not previously subjected to antiviral therapy and having type2 diabetes mellitus, who are attending the outpatient clinic of internal medicine department of Fayoum University Hospital, 40 obese type 2 diabetic patients with negative HCV antibody. A Full medical history was taken from both groups including the patient’s age, sex, history of HTN, family history of diabetes. All subjects were subjected to complete physical examination, CBC, liver enzymes, kidney function tests, random blood sugar, HCV antibody, HCV RNA for HCV positive diabetic patients, islet cell antibody, Fib4 for group I and abdominal ultrasound examination. Results: There was no statistically significant difference between group I, group II as regards the positivity of internal carotid artery (ICA), the prevalence of positive ICA was 16.3% of total study group, the prevalence of patients with positive ICA in group I is 17.5%, the prevalence of patients with positive ICA in group II is 15%. Conclusion: Islet cell antibodies do not appear to play a significant role in the pathophysiology of diabetes in HCV infected patients.

[Mohamed Abdel Hady Mashahit, Hoda Abd El Badie Hussein, Hala Sayed Eltoukhy, Noha Khalifa Abd ELghaffar, Reham Samir Ahmed Seif El Yazel. Prevalence of Anti-Islet cell antibody in patients with hepatogenous diabetes. Nat Sci 2021;19(6):39-46]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature 7. doi:10.7537/marsnsj190621.07.

Keywords: Anti-Islet cell antibody, Hepatogenous diabetes, HCV, RNA

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[Nat Sci 2021;19(6):47-55]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature 8. doi:10.7537/marsnsj190621.08.

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Microhabitats Preference of Cichlidogyrus berrebii, C. kothiasi and C. pouyaudi (Monogenea: Ancyrocephalidae) on the Gills of Tylochromis jentinki from Ebrié Lagoon, Côte d’Ivoire

Blahoua Kassi Georges, Adou Yedehi Euphrasie, Etilé Raphaël N’Doua, N’Douba Valentin

Department of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Hydrobiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Félix Houphouët Boigny, Abidjan, 22 P.O. Box 582 Abidjan 22, Côte d’Ivoire.

Corresponding author: e mail: kassiblahoua@yahoo.fr; Tel: +225 09856307/ 04602531

Abstract: Background Objectives: The microhabitat preference of the three congeneric monogenean species Cichlidogyrus berrebii Pariselle & Euzet, 1994, C. kothiasi Pariselle & Euzet, 1994 and C. pouyaudi Pariselle & Euzet, 1994 on the gills of Tylochromis jentinki (Steindachner, 1894) was conducted. Methods: Eighty-seven specimens were sampled from February 2016 to January 2017. After fish euthanasia, each gill arch was removed and examined to quantify the number of parasites and their distribution on the gills. Results: Results were analyzed with regard to: general occurrence, bispecific infections and monospecific infections of the parasites in the T. jentinki population. Both parasites have the same affinity for the both sides of the fish. Gill arches I, II, dorsal, medial segments, distal were preferred by C. berrebii, gill arches II, III, medial, ventral segment, distal part by C. kothiasi and gill arch II, dorsal segment distal part by C. pouyaudi. The coexistence of these three monogenean species on the same fish does not induce a change in their respective distribution. With such low parasite presence, the role of intraspecific or interspecific competition appears to have little influence on the distribution of monogeneans. However, these specific preferences might be influenced by the interaction of several factors such as differences in the water current over parts of the gill surface, parasite density, as well as ecological and morphological differences between monogenean species.

[Blahoua Kassi Georges, Adou Yedehi Euphrasie, Etilé Raphaël N’Doua, N’Douba Valentin.Microhabitats Preference of Cichlidogyrus berrebii, C. kothiasi and C. pouyaudi (Monogenea: Ancyrocephalidae) on the Gills of Tylochromis jentinki from Ebrié Lagoon, Côte d’Ivoire. Nat Sci 2021;19(6):56-63].ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature 9. doi:10.7537/marsnsj190621.09.

Key words: Monogenea, microhabitat, Tylochromis jentinki, Ebrié lagoon, Côte d’Ivoire.

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[Nat Sci 2021;19(6):64-74]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature  10.

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Areview On Aflatoxin Contamination Of Milk And Its Public Health Implication

Senait Belay¹, Askale Abrhaley² and Dr. Kebede Amenu¹

¹School of veterinary medicine, Faculty of veterinary medicine, Hawassa University, P.O.BOX.05

²College of veterinary medicine and animal science, Faculty of veterinary Medicine, University of Gondar, P.O.BOX:196, Gondar, Ethiopia.

Corresponding author: Senait Belay, E-mail: senaitbelay223@gmail.com

Abstract: Aflatoxins are toxic compounds that are produced by certain strains of molds, namely, Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus. These molds may invade stressed crops in the field or proliferate in improperly stored feed..Animals are exposed to aflatoxin by consumption of feeds that are contaminated by aflatoxin-producing fungal strains during growth, harvest or storage. Dairy cows are one of the many species of animals that may suffer both long-term and short-term adverse effects from consuming aflatoxin contaminated feed. When cows are fed contaminated feed, aflatoxin B1 is converted by hydroxylation to aflatoxin M1, which is subsequently secreted in the milk of lactating cows. Aflatoxin M1 is quite stable towards the normal milk processing methods such as pasteurization and if present in raw milk, it may persist into final products for human consumption. AFM1analysis was conducted by various methods including thin layer chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography and enzyme-linked immunoassays; but the ELISA method is mostly used  because of its rapidity, simplicity and cheapness. Aflatoxins have been implicated in human health disorders including hepatocellular carcinoma, aflatoxicosis, Reye’s syndrome and chronic hepatitis. Most controlling government agencies worldwide have regulations regarding the amount of aflatoxins allowable in human and animal foodstuffs. Many countries have declared limits for the presence of aflatoxin M1 in milk and milk products. The European Community and Codex Alimentarius Commission prescribed that the maximum level of aflatoxin M1 in milk and milk products should not exceed 50 ng/kg. Application of Good Agricultural Practices and Good Veterinary Practices by agriculture and also the Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) system as a draft code of practice for pre harvest and post-harvest control of dairy cow’s feed. In milk and dairy products processing is effective.

[Senait Belay, Askale Abrhaley and Kebede Amenu. A review On Aflatoxin Contamination Of Milk And Its Public Health Implication. Nat Sci 2021;19(6):75-84]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature  11. doi:10.7537/marsnsj190621.11.

Key words: Aflatoxin, Milk, Dairy cow, HACCP

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