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Postoperative delirium in patients undergoing head and neck surgery

Ghodrat Mohammadi, Nasrin Sayyar

Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

Mohammadig@yahoo.com

Abstract: Postoperative delirium (POD) is an acute change in cognitive status characterized by fluctuating consciousness and is associated with high incidences of morbidity, high complication rates, and long hospitalizations. This study was performed to determine pre and postoperative criteria for identifying patients at risk for delirium after major head and neck cancer surgery. In this descriptive analytical study, the subjects were 150 patients who underwent head and neck cancer surgery. Observations of subjects was conducted each shift and recorded using the delirium observation screening (DOS) scale. Preoperative factors included age, solitary life condition, drug treatment, preoperative hospitalized days, nutrition status, sensory impairment, comorbid diseases, surgical history, and history of delirium. Hospitalization time in excess of 10 days was considered as a long hospital stay. Postoperative delirium occurred in 40 of the 150 patients (26.6%), 24 men and 16 women. The duration of delirium ranged from 1 to 5 days, with a mean of 2.54 ± 0.84 days. Twenty five of the 90 men and 20 of the 60 women developed postoperative delirium. No significant difference was found in the occurrence of delirium between men and women. There were no significant differences in the occurrence of delirium according to the presence or absence of psychiatric disease history, preoperative radiotherapy, smoking habit, alcohol habit, solitary life, or long hospital stay. The incidence of postoperative delirium in patients with major cancer surgery of the head and neck was as high as 26.6.

[Ghodrat Mohammadi, Nasrin Sayyar. Postoperative delirium in patients undergoing head and neck surgery. Cancer Biology 2022;12(2):1-5]. ISSN: 2150-1041 (print); ISSN: 2150-105X (online). http://www.cancerbio.net 1. doi:10.7537/marscbj120222.01..

Keywords: Postoperative delirium; Head and neck surgery; Cancer

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Concurrent Weekly Paclitaxel with Postoperative Radiotherapy in the Adjuvant Treatment of Node- Positive HER2 Negative Breast Cancer

Sally Hamed Mahmoud Mashaal*¹, Mohamed Ali Mlees ², Amro Abd El-Aziz Ghannam ¹, Hanan Shawky Mahmoud ¹, Hesham Ahmed Tawfik ¹

¹ Clinical Oncology and Nuclear Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine - Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt

² Surgical Oncology Department, Faculty of Medicine - Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt, Egypt

*Corresponding Author, Email: sallyoncology@gmail.com

Abstract: Background: Breast cancer is the foremost oncologic problem, contributing 20% of all cancers and 43% of female cancers. Phase II research of concurrent radiation (RT) and paclitaxel in node-positive breast cancer demonstrated a 5-year actuarial disease-free survival rate of 88% and an overall survival rate of 93% with no local failures and tolerable tolerability. Aim of the work: This work aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of the use of concurrent weekly paclitaxel with postoperative radiation therapy in the adjuvant treatment of node-positive, hormonal receptor positive (HR +ve), HER2 –VE breast cancer patients who underwent breast conservative surgery. Patients and Methods: This prospective, single-arm study was implemented at Clinical Oncology Department, Tanta University Hospitals within the time frame from October 2017 to January 2019 and involved 75 women identified with stage IIB or III, node-positive HR +ve HER2 -ve, invasive breast cancer. Patients underwent breast conservative surgery including either a quadrantectomy or lumpectomy and received adjuvant chemotherapy included four cycles of doxorubicin (60 mg/m²) or epirubicin 100mg/m2 and cyclophosphamide (600 mg/m²) I.V every 21days preceded by 12 weeks of paclitaxel (80 mg/m²) I.V around 1 hour, using real body weight to determine surface area. 3D conformal RT was delivered concurrently with weekly paclitaxel, starting w1 of paclitaxel with day 1 of RT at a dose of 5000 cGy over 25 fractions with boost dose to tumor bed of 1000 cGy over 5 fractions. Results: There were no local recurrence occurred during at least 2-years of follow up (100% local control), while 6.66% (5 /75) of our patients developed distant metastasis during follow up period (2-years DFS was 93.33%). Regarding hematological toxicity, 30.66% (23/75) of our patients developed grade 1 or 2 anemia during the course of treatment, and 8% (6/75) of patients developed grade 3 anemia. None of the cases showed symptoms of pneumonitis or developed localized fibrosis during follow up. Normal cardiac functions throughout treatment and during follow up. Conclusions: The concomitant chemoradiation with Paclitaxel weekly as adjuvant therapy for breast cancer, is a promising regimen for patients with hormonal receptor +ve, HER2 neu -vebreast cancer.

[Sally Hamed Mahmoud Mashaal, Mohamed Ali Mlees, Amro Abd El-Aziz Ghannam, Hanan Shawky Mahmoud, Hesham Ahmed Tawfik Concurrent Weekly Paclitaxel with Postoperative Radiotherapy in the Adjuvant Treatment of Node- Positive HER2 Negative Breast Cancer Cancer Biology 2022;12(2):6-15]. ISSN: 2150-1041 (print); ISSN: 2150-105X (online). http://www.cancerbio.net    2. doi:10.7537/marscbj120222.02.

Keywords: Weekly Paclitaxel, Radiotherapy, Node- Positive, Breast Cancer

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Review on Bovine Tuberculosis

¹ Geremew Batu, ¹Yohanis Deressa, ¹Yemiserach Asrat and ²Yomifan Moti

¹Wollega University School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical and Health Sciences, P.O. Box: 395, Nekemt, Oromia, West Ethiopia

²Jimma University College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Jimma, Oromia, South West Ethiopia, P.O. Box: 307

Corresponding author: Corresponding Author: Geremew Batu; G-mail: mgbei07@gmail.com; Wollega University School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical and Health Sciences, P.O. Box: 395, Nekemt, Oromia, West Ethiopia

SUMMARY: Bovine tuberculosis (BTB) is a chronic granulomatous disease of cattle caused predominantly by Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis). The disease is transmitted between animals primarily by inhalation although transmission through ingestion is also common in cattle grazing on pasture contaminated with M. bovis. The disease causes significant animal health-induced economic loss, and its impacts include reduction in productivity, movement restrictions, screening costs, culling of affected animals, and trade restrictions. Mycobacterium bovis is an intracellular, non-motile, facultative, weakly Gram-positive acid-fast bacillus which belongs to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. The pathogen affects all age groups of susceptible hosts of domestic, wild animals and human. In Ethiopia, bovine tuberculosis is endemic and mostly transmitted to humans through ingestion of unpasteurized contaminated milk and contact with infected animals. Tuberculinization test, single intradermal test and comparative intradermal test, is the valuable delayed type hyper sensitivity test used for diagnosing TB in live animal, and used in TB eradication and for international trade. Vaccination of calves with attenuated bovine-strain of tuberculosis bacterium, known as Bacillus of Calmette and Guerin (BCG) and testing and culling are important measure in BTB control and prevention endemic area like Ethiopia. It is important to pasteurize milk before human consumption to reduce public health risk.

[Geremew Batu, Yohanis Deressa, Yemiserach Asrat and Yomifan Moti. Review on Bovine Tuberculosis. Cancer Biology 2022;12(2):16-22]. ISSN: 2150-1041 (print); ISSN: 2150-105X (online). http://www.cancerbio.net  3. doi:10.7537/marscbj120222.03.

Keywords: Bovine, Mycobacterium bovis, Tuberculosis

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Epidemiological Study of Male Genito-urinary Malignancies at Clinical Oncology Department Tanta University Hospitals

Mai Hashem Fayed*, Asmaa Mohamed El-Kady, Hanan Shawky Mahmoud, Hesham Ahmed Tawfik

Clinical Oncology & Nuclear Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt

*Email. maiihashem3@gmail.com  

Abstract: Background: Genitourinary cancers, in particular carcinoma of the kidneys, bladder, and prostate take a large toll on human health and placed significant economic burden on health care systems. The aim of this work was to determine the burden of male genito-urinary malignancy, describe the clinico-pathological pattern of all male genito-urinary tumors and find tools for screening and early diagnosis. Methods: This retrospective hospital based epidemiological study was carried out on 610 patients who were histopathologically proved to have male genito-urinary malignanc. All patients were subjected to: Patient evaluation through careful history taking, general examination and local examination. Investigations including: Pathological finding, laboratory investigations and radiological investigations. Results: Bladder cancer ranked the first among other types of male genito-urinary cancers. The second was prostate cancer followed by kidney cancer then testicular cancer. the age group (61-80) years is the most common age group affected by male genitourinary cancers followed by the age group (41-60) years. The mean age of male genitourinary cancers was 66.7 years with a median age of 67 years. The majority of cases were from two administrative areas; Tanta and Al-Mahalla El-Kobra, the total percentage from Tanta & Al-Mahalla El-kobra represented nearly 80% of the studied patients. The most common co-morbidities were hypertension, diabetes mellitus and liver cirrhosis. Most of the male genitourinary cancer patients were smokers with negative family history. The most common male genitourinary cancer affected by bilhareziasis was the bladder cancer.  Conclusions: We conclude that the most common types of male genito-urinary malignancies included: bladder cancer, prostate cancer, kidney cancer, testicular cancer. The most common histo-pathological subtype in bladder cancer was transitional cell carcinoma, while in prostate cancer was prostatic adenocarcinoma, in kidney cancer was renal cell carcinoma and in testicular cancer was seminoma.

[Mai Hashem Fayed, Asmaa Mohamed El-Kady, Hanan Shawky Mahmoud, Hesham Ahmed Tawfik. Epidemiological Study of Male Genito-urinary Malignancies at Clinical Oncology Department Tanta University Hospitals. Cancer Biology 2022;12(2):23-34]. ISSN: 2150-1041 (print); ISSN: 2150-105X (online). http://www.cancerbio.net  4. doi:10.7537/marscbj120222.04.

Keywords: Bladder Cancer, Prostate Cancer, Kidney Cancer, Testicular Cancer

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Immortality and Cancer Biology Research Literatures

Dr. Mark Herbert

World Development Institute

39-06 Main Street, Flushing, Queens, New York 11354, USA, ma708090@gmail.com

Abstract: Cancer is the general name for a group of more than 100 diseases. Although there are many kinds of cancer, all cancers start because abnormal cells grow out of control. Untreated cancers can cause serious illness and death. The body is made up of trillions of living cells. Normal body cells grow, divide, and die in an orderly fashion. During the early years of a person’s life, normal cells divide faster to allow the person to grow. After the person becomes an adult, most cells divide only to replace worn-out or dying cells or to repair injuries. This article introduces recent research reports as references in the immortality and cancer biology studies.

[Dr. Mark Herbert. Immortality and Cancer Biology Research Literatures. Cancer Biology 2022;12(2):35-49]. ISSN: 2150-1041 (print); ISSN: 2150-105X (online). http://www.cancerbio.net  5.doi:10.7537/marscbj120222.05.

Key words: cancer; life; research; literature; cell

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Virus and Cancer Biology Research Literatures

Dr. Mark Herbert

World Development Institute

39-06 Main Street, Flushing, Queens, New York 11354, USA, ma708090@gmail.com

Abstract: Cancer is the general name for a group of more than 100 diseases. Although there are many kinds of cancer, all cancers start because abnormal cells grow out of control. Untreated cancers can cause serious illness and death. The body is made up of trillions of living cells. Normal body cells grow, divide, and die in an orderly fashion. During the early years of a person’s life, normal cells divide faster to allow the person to grow. After the person becomes an adult, most cells divide only to replace worn-out or dying cells or to repair injuries. This article introduces recent research reports as references in the related studies.

[Dr. Mark Herbert.Virus and Cancer Biology Research Literatures. Cancer Biology 2022;12(2):50-58]. ISSN: 2150-1041 (print); ISSN: 2150-105X (online). http://www.cancerbio.net  6. doi:10.7537/marscbj120222.06.

Key words: cancer; life; research; literature; cell

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Cancer in New York Research Literatures

Dr. Mark Herbert

World Development Institute

39-06 Main Street, Flushing, Queens, New York 11354, USA, ma708090@gmail.com

Abstract: Cancer is the general name for a group of more than 100 diseases. Although there are many kinds of cancer, all cancers start because abnormal cells grow out of control. Untreated cancers can cause serious illness and death. The body is made up of trillions of living cells. Normal body cells grow, divide, and die in an orderly fashion. During the early years of a person’s life, normal cells divide faster to allow the person to grow. After the person becomes an adult, most cells divide only to replace worn-out or dying cells or to repair injuries. This article introduces recent research reports as references in the related studies.

[Dr. Mark Herbert. Cancer in New York Research Literatures. Cancer Biology 2022;12(2):59-89]. ISSN: 2150-1041 (print); ISSN: 2150-105X (online). http://www.cancerbio.net  7. doi:10.7537/marscbj120222.07.

Key words: cancer; life; research; literature; cell

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Cancer and Vascular endothelial growth factor Research Literatures

Dr. Mark Herbert

World Development Institute

39-06 Main Street, Flushing, Queens, New York 11354, USA, ma708090@gmail.com

Abstract: Cancer is the general name for a group of more than 100 diseases. Although there are many kinds of cancer, all cancers start because abnormal cells grow out of control. Untreated cancers can cause serious illness and death. The body is made up of trillions of living cells. Normal body cells grow, divide, and die in an orderly fashion. During the early years of a person’s life, normal cells divide faster to allow the person to grow. After the person becomes an adult, most cells divide only to replace worn-out or dying cells or to repair injuries. This article introduces recent research reports as references in the related studies.

[Dr. Mark Herbert.Cancer in New York Research Literatures. Cancer Biology 2022;12(2):89-150]. ISSN: 2150-1041 (print); ISSN: 2150-105X (online). http://www.cancerbio.net  8.doi:10.7537/marscbj120222.08.

Key words: cancer; life; research; literature; cell

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