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1
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Agriculture Share
of the Gross Domestic Product and its Implications for Rural
Development
Anyanwu Sixtus O1*,
Ibekwe U.C.2, Adesope Olufemi M3.
1. Department of
Agricultural Economics, Rivers State University of Education,
Port Harcourt, Nigeria
2. Department of
Agricultural Economics, Federal University of Technology Owerri,
Nigeria
3. Department of
Agricultural Economics and Extension, University of Port
Harcourt, Nigeria
sixtusanyanwu@yahoo.com
Abstract:
The study
considered the relationship between Gross Domestic Product and
output of major stapled food crops of Nigeria between 1990 and
2001. Data used were collected from various issues of Central
Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin, Annual Reports and Bureau
of Statistics. Using correlation matrix, the result showed that
there is a strong, positive and statistically significant
relationship between GDP and these food crops except for wheat.
Policies should therefore be put in place by the appropriate
authorities geared towards providing production incentives to
the rural farmers to enable them produce more of these stapled
food crops that have significant impact on the GDP of Nigeria.
[Anyanwu Sixtus O,
Ibekwe U.C., Adesope Olufemi M. Agriculture Share of the
Gross Domestic Product and its Implications for Rural
Development. World Rural Observations 2010;2(3):1-5]; ISSN:
1944-6543 (Print); ISSN: 1944-6551 (Online).
http://www.sciencepub.net/rural. 1
doi:10.7537/marswro020310.01
Key words:
Gross Domestic Product; Rural Development |
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Non-Timber
Forest Products (NTFP’s) in Low lands of Kanchanpur District of
Nepal: Indigenous use and Conservation
Nabin
Raj Joshi1, Laxman Singh Lodhiyal1 and
Vishal Singh2
1Department
of Forestry and Environmental Science,
Kumaun
University, Nainital-263002, India.
2
Centre for Ecology Development and Research, 41/I, Vasant Vihar,
Dehradun 248006
Email:
nabin2001@gmail.com
Abstract:
The
present study intended to highlight the status and potential of
non-timber forest products (NTFPs) in community forests and the
national forest of Kanchanpur district in far western region of
Nepal.
The human ecological approach, participatory rural appraisal,
focus group discussions and interviews were used to gather the
data and information for analysis. The results of the data
analysis indicate that the study area harbors a high diversity
of potential NTFPs. Altogether, 123 species belonging to 62
families and their traditional uses were recorded. 20 NTFP
species were awarded highest priority out of a total 123 NTFP’s
as documented by this study named them priority species. Despite
an enduring socio-cultural transformation of the local
communities, they still possess sufficient knowledge of plants
and their uses. It is observed that the proper management of the
NTFPs could play a critical role in the improvement of people’s
livelihood in a sustainable way.
[Nabin
Raj Joshi, Laxman Singh Lodhiyal and Vishal Singh.
Non-Timber
Forest Products (NTFP’s) in Low lands of Kanchanpur District of
Nepal: Indigenous use and Conservation.
World Rural Observations 2010;2(3):
6-22]; ISSN: 1944-6543 (Print); ISSN: 1944-6551 (Online).
http://www.sciencepub.net/rural. 2
doi:10.7537/marswro020310.02
Keywords:
participatory, community, potential, livelihood, sustainable |
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Effect of
Adoption Pattern of Fertilizer Technology on Small Scale
Farmer’s Productivity in Boluwaduro Local Government
OLAGUNJU, Funke
Iyabo and SALIMONU, Kabir Kayode
Department of
Agricultural Economics and Extension, Ladoke Akintoala
University of Technology, P.M.B 4000 Ogbomoso,
Oyo State, Nigeria
Correspondence
E-mail:
olagfunk@yahoo.com
ABSTRACT:
The use of appropriate land improvement / intensification technology
seems to offer an opportunity to substantially increase farm
production and income levels. Traditionally, Nigerian farmers
have been using fertilizer primarily on commercial / export
crops, but in recent years, an increasing quantity of
fertilizers is being used on such food crops as rice, maize,
wheat, yams and cassava. The study investigated the factors
determining the adoption pattern of fertilizer technology on
small scale farmer’s productivity in Boluwaduro Local Government
Area. The specific objectives are to identify the socio economic
characteristics of small scale farmers, to determine the factors
affecting the intensity of use of fertilizer technology among
the small scale farmers, to analyze and compare the gross margin
of fertilizer users and non fertilizer users. Multistage
sampling technique was used to select 65 respondents for
fertilizer users and 55 respondents for non users from three (3)
randomly selected towns and the needed data were collected with
the means of structured questionnaire. The analytical techniques
used were Descriptive, Gross margin and Tobit Regression
Analysis. The results indicated that the average farm size of
the respondents was about 2.4 hectares, with some having just
about 0.47ha.
The average capital and labour input per hectare were about N24,
242.25 and N32, 953.72
respectively. The result further indicated that the
gross margin of fertilizer users is greater than that of
non-fertilizer user and this implies that the use of fertilizer
is profitable. Currently, the average amount of fertilizers
applied by the farmers is less than the recommended dosage and
that there is about 53% chances that an average small scale
farmer would adopt the use of fertilizers.
The expected level of adoption of
fertilizers by those farmers on the limit E
(Y) is 39.94, which implies that new adopters are expected to
use about 40% of the recommended dosage of the appropriate
fertilizer grade. Also, for farmers above the limit, the
expected level of production E(Y*) of the recommended dosage of
the appropriate fertilizer formulations is about 72%. A number
of factors significantly influenced the fertilizer adoption
decision of the farmers, namely, Distance (in km) of the farmers
house from the fertilizer selling depot (p<0.05), Number of
years of formal education of the farmer (p<0.05), fertilizer
price /50kg bag (p<0.01), Number of contact with extension
agents (p<0.01).
[OLAGUNJU, Funke
Iyabo and SALIMONU, Kabir Kayode.
Effect of Adoption Pattern of Fertilizer Technology on Small
Scale Farmer’s Productivity in Boluwaduro Local Government.
World Rural Observations 2010;2(3):23-33];
ISSN: 1944-6543 (Print); ISSN: 1944-6551 (Online).
http://www.sciencepub.net/rural. 3
doi:10.7537/marswro020310.03
Key words:
Fertilizer, Technology, Tobit Regression, Productivity |
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Proximate and Anatomical Weight Composition of Wild Brackish
Tilapia guineensis and Tilapia melanotheron
Adejonwo O. A., Kolade O.Y., Ibrahim A.
O., Oramadike C. E.
Nigerian Institute for Oceanography and
Marine Research,
Victoria Island,
Lagos.
Corresponding Author>
callkemmy2000@yahoo.com
Abstract:
The proximate and anatomical weight composition of fresh wild
brackish Tilapia guineensis and Tilapia
melanotheron were analysed. The proximate analysis result
for T. guineensis were 18.65% protein, 0.55% lipid, 1.30
% ash and 79.50 % moisture while that of T. melanotheron
showed that protein in the edible tissue of the fish was 18.74%;
the lipid, ash and moisture contents was 0.70%, 1.06% and 79.50%
respectively.
The mean values of length for T. guineensis and T.
melanotheron were 156.99±6.45 and 171.4±76.9 while the
weight data were20.37±0.53 and 20.82±3.9 respectively. The data
obtained for the anatomical weight composition of T.
guineensis showed a percentage decrease in the order of
fillet, head, frame, scale and gut 39.50 > 26.77 > 16.80 > 11.72
> 4.90 while T. melanotheron showed a percentage decrease
in the order of fillet, head, frame, scale and gut 36.28 > 33.28
> 17.36 >5.31 > 4.11. The result obtained indicated that both
Tilapia species are nutritionally high in protein with low-oil
content while the anatomical weight composition indicated that
T .guineensis had a higher recovery of edible portion
than T. melanotheron.
[Adejonwo O. A., Kolade O.Y., Ibrahim A. O., Oramadike C. E.
Proximate and Anatomical Weight Composition of Wild Brackish
Tilapia guineensis and Tilapia melanotheron. World
Rural Observations 2010;2(3):34-37];
ISSN: 1944-6543 (Print); ISSN: 1944-6551 (Online).
http://www.sciencepub.net/rural.
4
doi:10.7537/marswro020310.04
Keywords:
Anatomical weight, Proximate composition, Tilapia guineensis
and Tilapia melanotheron |
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Water Quality Monitoring, A Must In Fisheries And Aquaculture
Management
R.O.D. Shelle, A.O. Adeleye And I. A. Ladigbolu.
Department Of Physical/Chemical Oceanography, Nigerian Institute
For Oceanography And Marine Research, Victorial Island, Lagos.
P.M.B.12729, LAGOS.
e-mail:
rodshele@gmail.com
ABSTRACT:
Water Quality Monitoring is an essential tool in fisheries
management. In order to keep the health of any aquaculture
system at an optimal level, certain water quality parameters
must be controlled. Some of these parameters that most directly
affect the health of the system are pH, alkalinity, hardness,
temperature, dissolved oxygen and nutrients.
Temperature, Salinity, Dissolved
Oxygen (DO), Turbidity, pH measurements and nutrient analysis
were made at the Victoria Beach station and the NIOMR Jetty
Station. At the Victoria Beach station, the water column was
well oxygenated with recorded value ranging between 6.26 and
7.76 mg L-1 while at the NIOMR Jetty Station, the
water column was similarly well oxygenated with recorded values
ranging between 4.74 and 6.64 mg L-1.The surface
water temperature ranged between 26.88 and 30.560C.
PH Value ranged between 7.49 and 8.16, while the salinity for
both stations ranged between 6.39% and 33.89%. The minimum
(26.88OC) and maximum (30.98 OC) air
temperatures were recorded of the year. The water column at both
stations is well oxygenated. Even the lowest value of 4.74 mg L-1
obtained in May at the Jetty station is adequate for aquatic
life.
[R.
O. D. Shelle, A. O. Adeleye And I. A. Ladigbolu.
Water Quality Monitoring, A Must In
Fisheries And Aquaculture Management.
World Rural Observations 2010;2(3):38-41];
ISSN: 1944-6543 (Print); ISSN: 1944-6551 (Online).
http://www.sciencepub.net/rural.
5
doi:10.7537/marswro020310.05
Keywords:
Water column, Alkalinity, Hardness, Dissolved Oxygen, pH ,
Nutrients |
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[World Rural
Observations 2010;2(3):42-59];
ISSN: 1944-6543 (Print); ISSN: 1944-6551 (Online).
http://www.sciencepub.net/rural.
6
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Improving Effect of
Dietary Oat Bran Supplementation on Oxidative Stress Induced By
Hyperlipidemic Diet
Ola S Mohameda,
Mostafa M Saidb, Zeinab Y Alib*, Hanan A
Atiaa and Heba S Mostafab
a
Department of Biochemistry,
Faculty of Pharmacy (girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
b
Department of
Biochemistry, National Organization for Drug Control and
Research (NODCAR), Giza, Egypt.
*Corresponding
author. Zeinab Yousef Ali (Ph D)
Biochemistry
department, National Organization for Drug Control and Research
(NODCAR), 6-Abu Hazem Street, Pyramids Ave. P.O. Box 29, 35521
Giza, Egypt.
e-mail:
zeinabyousef65@ymail.com
Tel:
002-02-35851278, 002-02-35850005; Mobile: 002-012-8079870; Fax:
002-02-35855582
Abstract:
Many epidemiological studies support the involvement of
oxidative stress in pathogenesis and progression of many
diseases such as hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis. Oats (Avena
sativa, Linn.) are rich in antioxidants and have
cholesterol-reducing effect. This study aimed to evaluate the
total phenolic and antioxidant activity as well as the
prophylactic and curative effects of oat bran (2.70 g. kg-1
b.w. day-1) on oxidative stress induced by
hyperlipideamic diet comparing with simvastatin (3.6 g. kg-1
b.w.day-1) as reference agent. Rats fed on
hyperlipidemic diet supplemented with cholesterol, cholic acid
and thiouracil (CCT, 3:1:0.5) exhibited significant elevation in
hepatic antioxidant enzyme (SOD, CAT, GPx and GST) activities
and lipid peroxide (MDA), and a significant depletion in reduced
glutathione (GSH) content. Oat bran was able to maintain or
ameliorate these changes to nearly normal levels and reveals its
prophylactic and curative effects on oxidative stress associated
with hyperlipidemia. Oat bran has nearly similar potent
antioxidant effect as simvastatin. These beneficial effects
could be attributed to the antioxidant activities of bioactive
ingredients in oat bran. In conclusion, oat bran supplementation
exhibited a powerful antioxidant potential and, thus, reduce
incidence and prevent atherosclerosis through a reduction in
oxidative stress induced by hyperlipidemia in rats.
[Ola S Mohamed,
Mostafa M Said, Zeinab Y Ali, Hanan A Atia and Heba S Mostafa.
Improving Effect of Dietary Oat Bran Supplementation on
Oxidative Stress Induced By Hyperlipidemic Diet. World Rural
Observations 2010;2(3):60-69];
ISSN: 1944-6543 (Print); ISSN: 1944-6551 (Online).
http://www.sciencepub.net/rural.
7
doi:10.7537/marswro020310.07
Key
Words:
Avena sativa;
oat bran; total phenolics; antioxidant activity; hyperlipidemia;
atherosclerosis; oxidative stress; hepatic antioxidant. |
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Indexing soil P to recommend for durum wheat in East Shewa,
Oromiya Region
Mesfin Kebede, and Tekalign Tadesse
Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research (EIAR)
Debre Zeit Agricultural Research Center, P. O. Box 32, Debre
Zeit, Ethiopia
ethiosoils@gmail.com,
and
tekalignt@fastmail.fm
Abstract:
On farm soil test based phosphorous determination research
experiment was carried out in three locations of East Showa
from 2003-05 cropping seasons. Six levels of P were applied as
a treatment (Triple Super Phosphate) and recommended level of
nitrogen from urea was applied uniformly to all plots.
Application of 15.1 kg P per ha in Ude and 25.1 kg
P in Akaki provided the maximum mean grain yields of 3.75 and
1.79 t ha-1, respectively for year (2003). In the
2004 cropping seasons, however, the absence of any application
of external P gave the highest (3.38 t ha-1) in
Chefe Donsa and the least mean grain yield (1.74 t ha-1)
was recorded in Ude by 15.1 kg P. In the year 2005
result revealed that the two treatments from Chefe Donsa and
Akaki gave the maximum comparable mean grain yields (4.89 and
4.49 t ha-1) but and the least yield was obtained
through the application of soil P only (1.88t) in Ude. For
these cropping seasons, a total of twenty seven regression
equations were developed and eighteen were selected in order
to map the soil P (ppm) versus treatments. Accordingly, an
average of 97.0, 96.5 and 96.5 (2003), 86.0, 93.0, and 89.5
(2004) and 92.0, 91.5, and 92.5% (2005) remained in the soil
for every application of external P in Akaki, Chefe Donsa and
Ude, respectively. In most of the years, on average of over
85% of the applied P remained in the soil. In some locations,
non-significant differences were due to this. It seems that
our soils are saturated by the application of P years around
and becoming the least limiting plant nutrient. Therefore, any
phosphorus recommendation for optimum durum wheat production
should be on the basis of its soil test P value. This
experiment also proved that even if the soil P increases
through the application of external P from 6.5ppm onwards, it
didn’t reflect in the increment rather the decline of mean
grain yield. But further research work has to be conducted to
determine the limiting plant nutrient, its index in different
soil types, environment and in its interaction.
[Mesfin
Kebede, and Tekalign Tadesse.
Indexing soil P to recommend for durum wheat in East Shewa,
Oromiya Region.
World Rural Observations 2010;2(3):70-77];
ISSN: 1944-6543 (Print); ISSN: 1944-6551 (Online).
http://www.sciencepub.net/rural.
8
doi:10.7537/marswro020310.08
Key Words:
Equation, On farm, Soil Test, TSP, Soil Types, Regression |
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Wild and Exotic
Gymnosperms of Uttarakhand, Central Himalaya, India
Lalit M. Tewari*,
Jeewan Singh Jalal, Sanjay Kumar, Y.P.S. Pangtey and Rupesh
Kumar
Department
of Botany, DSB Campus, Kumaun University, Nainital-263002
Uttarakhand, India
*Corresponding
author: l_tewari@rediffmail.com
Abstract:
The paper deals with the diversity of gymnosperms in Uttarakhand;
both wild and exotic species. A total 63 species belonging to 10
families were reported, of these 47 species are exotic to the
state. Origin-wise status of both exotic and wild gymnosperms
demonstrated that 26.98% species are of American origin followed
by the Indian Subcontinent (19.04%), China (11.11%), Japan
(9.52%), Asia-temperate and
Europe (7.93%),
Africa (6.34%), Australia (4.76%), Indo-China and the
Mediterranean region (3.17%). The genera and species are
alphabetically arranged and taxonomically updated. Other
information such as vernacular name, english name, habit,
origin, altitudinal region and district wise distribution are
also given.
[Lalit M. Tewari,
Jeewan Singh Jalal, Sanjay Kumar, Y.P.S. Pangtey and Rupesh
Kumar. Wild and Exotic Gymnosperms of Uttarakhand,
Central
Himalaya, India.
World Rural Observations 2010;2(3):78-83];
ISSN: 1944-6543 (Print); ISSN: 1944-6551 (Online).
http://www.sciencepub.net/rural.
9
doi:10.7537/marswro020310.09
Keywords:
Diversity, distribution, gymnosperms, Uttarakhand |
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Diversity of
Potential lichens on Banj oak twigs in Banlekh forest of
district Champawat, Kumaun Himalaya
Balwant Kumar,
*Lalit M. Tewari and Hemlata Kholia
Department of
Botany, D.S.B. Campus, Kumaun University, Nainital 263001
*
corresponding author email:
l_tewari@rediffmail.com
Abstract:
The Parmelioid
lichens on Banlekh
forest of Champawat
(Uttarakhand) comprises 45-60%, Usnioid (Usneaceae 17-30% and
Ramalinaceae 15-30%) found on different diameter class fallen
twigs of Quercus leucotrichophora A. Camus
(Banj oak). The study observed the twig diameter class 0-1 cm
and 1.1-2 cm is excellent for the large thallus of the members
of family Ramalinaceae. The villagers of the Banlekh area are
not using these 15 potential lichens due to lack of information
and knowledge.
[Balwant Kumar,
Lalit M. Tewari and Hemlata Kholia. Diversity of Potential
lichens on Banj oak twigs in Banlekh forest of district
Champawat, Kumaun Himalaya. World Rural Observations 2010;2(3):84-87];
ISSN: 1944-6543 (Print); ISSN: 1944-6551 (Online).
http://www.sciencepub.net/rural.
10
doi:10.7537/marswro020310.10
Key
words:
Lichen, oak twigs, livelihood, Champawat (Kumaun) |
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10
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