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1

Legal review of the country's membership in the WTO and the effects and consequences

Abbas Seiedy

Department of Private law, Persian Gulf International Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khorramshahr, Iran.

Abstract: Today, due to the increasing share of world trade is impossible to think out of the circle of global communications. The World Trade Organization to increase its ability to conduct international trade and to regulate and control the admission and member countries of the organization, rules and regulations are imposed to all countries to join the appropriate place for Deputy accept it. Today, due to the increasing share of world trade is impossible to think out of the circle of global communications. If the regulations relating to tariffs and trade, much of the material and is able to look at the World Trade Organization guidelines. We know that free and competitive foundation for the regulation on the production and trade between countries is formed. To that for manufacturing firms and economic conditions of fair trade to be provided. World Trade Organization one of the most influential international organizations at the international level is that global trade liberalization and rule-making is undertaken. The organization from January 1995, following the Uruguay Round of negotiations to replace the 50-year-old temporary GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade) has been developed. The organization is in fact more than any other institution, organization or institution is the globalization of the economy. Unlike GATT, which was limited to trade in goods, rules, regulations and agreements of the World Trade Organization, in addition to goods, services and intellectual property rights as well as rules on international trade. All countries that want to engage with the global economy and benefit from international economic institutions in the process of economic and industrial development through membership in the organization. In addition to assume the obligations of market liberalization in goods and services is determined during negotiations the regulations and rules of the organization that the organization is contained in agreements and compliance with laws and regulations, economic and trade agreements compatible to the organization. During the first years after the revolution, one of the most important issues facing the country has been a member of this organization and its possible consequences so that the witness statements about the case have been different. This is the beginning of the year 1991 was on the agenda of the Ministry of Commerce and political and administrative procedures related to the country's highest levels have been considered. The thesis is an attempt to review the history of the World Trade Organization to consider how Iran's membership in the organization, requirements, strategies for reducing the negative effects and its effect on domestic production, including production, employment, and subsidies and finally conclusions and recommendations are given.

[Abbas Seiedy. Legal Review Of The Country's Membership In The WTO And The Effects And Consequences. Researcher 2016;8(10):1-9]. ISSN 1553-9865 (print); ISSN 2163-8950 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 1. doi:10.7537/marsrsj081016.01.

Key Words: World Trade Organization, General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), Tipper, legal obstacles to accession, internal rules and regulations.

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2

The impacts of competitive advantage in marketing the branches of Meli Bank of Ahvaz

Manoochehr Ebadi^*, Ghanbar Amirnezhad^**

^*Department of Business Management, Persian Gulf International Branch, Islamic Azad university, khorramshahr, Iran

^**Department of Management, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad university, Ahvaz, iran

Abstract: With the Appearance of a Competitive Economy, Concepts Such as Customer Orientation, Customer Focus and Customer Satisfaction Considered Foundation of Business, and Those Organizations That Does Not Pay Attention to it, Removed From The Market. Internal Marketing Activities through Employees Influence and Motivate (Internal Customers) Lead to Customer Satisfaction and Organizational Competitiveness. The Main Purpose This Study Is to Investigate the Effect Internal Marketing (Organizational Vision, Reward System, Staff development) on Competitive Advantage with Mediating Role of Customer Satisfaction. Using of Simple Random Sampling Method, and With Using krejcie and Morgan Table, 245 of them were Chosen. In Total, 245 Questionnaires Were Distribute And The 235 Number Questionnaires Were Collected From The Respondents. Data Analysis On Two Levels: Descriptive And Inferential Statistics With Using Statistical Software SPSS And Lisrrl Done. Research Findings Show That Internal Marketing Has Positive and Significant Effect on Customer Satisfaction and Competitive Advantage; Also Findings Show That Internal Marketing Has Positive and Significant Impact on Competitive Advantage through Mediating Role of Customer Saris faction in MELI Bank Branches of Khuzestan Province-Ahvaz.

[Manoochehr Ebadi, Ghanbar Amirnezhad. The impacts of competitive advantage in marketing the branches of Meli Bank of Ahvaz. Researcher 2016;8(10):10-15]. ISSN 1553-9865 (print); ISSN 2163-8950 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 2. doi:10.7537/marsrsj081016.02.

Keywords: Internal Marketing (IM), Customer Satisfaction, Competitive Advantage MELI Bank Branches of Khuzestan Province (Ahvaz branches Study)

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3

Physicochemical properties of fresh and dried of feijoa fruit (Acca sellowiana)

Sahar Kabiri¹, Farzad Gheybi², Maryam Jokar¹, Shadi Basiri²

^1-Department of Food science and technology, Islamic Azad University, Damghan, Iran

^2- Assistant Professor, Food Science and Technology, Khorasan-e-Razavi Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Mashad - Iran

sahar.kabiri88@gmail.com

Abstract: The present investigation was carried out to analyze different physicochemical characteristics of fresh and dried feijoa fruit. The study reveals that the physical characteristics of fruit, that is, color, texture and density were significantly affected by hot air drying. The chemical parameters of fruit determined, total soluble solid (TSS), acidity, pH, moisture, ash content, carbohydrate, protein, fat, ascorbic acid, total phenol, flavonoids and iodine content also evaluated as chemical characteristics. The results showed that the chemical and physicochemical characteristics are little affected by drying so with the various nutritional benefits, the fresh and dried fruits could be recommended for commercial exploitation and preparation of different value added products.

[Sahar Kabiri, Farzad Gheybi, Maryam Jokar, Shadi Basiri. Physicochemical properties of fresh and dried of feijoa fruit (Acca sellowiana). Researcher 2016;8(10):16-22]. ISSN 1553-9865 (print); ISSN 2163-8950 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 3. doi:10.7537/marsrsj081016.03.

Keywords: feijoa; drying; composition; physical properties; chemical properties

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4

Gross Pathological Study On Pulmonary Lesions Of Cattle Slaughtered In Kombolcha Elfora Abbattoir, Southern Ethiopia

Desalegn Zemene^1*, Dagninet Molla¹, Desalegn Zeberga²

Corresponding author; Dagninet Molla

Abstract: A cross- sectional study was conducted from November, 2015 to April, 2016 to assess the major causes of pulmonary lesions in cattle slaughtered at Kombolcha elfora abattoir, based on gross pathological examination. Out of the total 384 cattle examined during ante-mortem examination, 37(9.7%) animals were having different clinical signs during physical examination. From the observed abnormalities, tick infestation 12(3.1%), lameness 7(1.8%), depression 6(1.6%) and respiratory signs 4(1.1%) were abnormalities which have been detected at a higher percentage during ante-mortem examination. Postmortem examination was performed carefully on the 384 cattle slaughtered at the abattoir. During postmortem examination the major causes of pulmonary lesions are hydatidosis 30(7.81%), lung worm 26(6.77%), emphysema 26(6.77%), tuberculosis 24(6.25%), pneumonia 24(6.25%), abscess 18(4.68%) and calcification 16(4.16%) which were the main causes of lung rejection during meat inspection. Out of those cattle slaughter, 164 (42.70%) of lungs were condemned because of one or more abnormalities. There was not statistically significant difference (p> 0.05) in the lung condemnation rate among the age, sex and breed of animals. However, body condition score of animals were found to be significant influence on the lung condemnation rate (p< 0.05). The possible causes for the occurrence of the lesions are discussed and the results are compared with works done on cattle in Ethiopia. Therefore, due to lung condemnation result economic losses and hence the present study indicated that immediate need for prevention and control of the cause of pulmonary lesions which lead lung condemnation. Finally based on the results obtained, recommendations are forwarded for further study and for the control and prevention of the pulmonary diseases of cattle.

[Desalegn Zemene, Dagninet Molla, Desalegn Zeberga. Gross Pathological Study On Pulmonary Lesions Of Cattle Slaughtered In Kombolcha Elfora Abbattoir, Southern Ethiopia. Researcher 2016;8(10):23-31]. ISSN 1553-9865 (print); ISSN 2163-8950 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 4. doi:10.7537/marsrsj081016.04.

Key words: cattle, Kombolcha, lung, pulmonary lesion.

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5

Antimicrobial Activity of Aqueous and Ethanolic Extracts of Bryophyllum pinnatum

^1,2J. Ladan, ²B.O.P. Musa, ³B.T. Thomas and ⁴B.O. Atobatele

¹Department of Disease Control and Immunization, National Primary Health Care Development Agency, Abuja

²Department of Immunology, Faculty of Science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria

³Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, University of Lagos, Akoka, Lagos, Nigeria

⁴Department of Biological Sciences, Bowen University Iwo, Osun State, Nigeria

benthoa2013@gmail.com

Abstract: Bryophyllum pinnatum is a crassulescent herb with wide distribution and documented antimicrobial efficacies. Inconsistence in its activities has however, been suggestively linked with some factors. Hence, this study was carried out to establish the effect of some extrinsic factors on the antibacterial activities of Bryophyllum pinnatum against some disease causing microorganisms. Antibacterial activity of Bryophyllum pinnatum was determined by standard agar-diffusion method. Results from this study showed a significantly higher zone of microbial inhibition with ethanolic extract when compared with aqueous extracts (P<0.05). Conclusion from this study have shown that solvents and concentration of extracts are some of the extrinsic factors that influences the antibacterial activities of Bryophyllum pinnatum

[J. Ladan, B.O.P. Musa, B.T. Thomas and B.O. Atobatele. Antimicrobial Activity of Aqueous and Ethanolic Extracts of Bryophyllum pinnatum. Researcher 2016;8(10):32-34]. ISSN 1553-9865 (print); ISSN 2163-8950 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 5. doi:10.7537/marsrsj081016.05.

Keywords: Antimicrobial, Bryophyllum pinnatum, Aqueous, Ethanolic, microorganisms.

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6

Brewers Spent Grain Obtained From Brewery In Nigeria: Nutritional And Anti Nutritional Status

Nwanekwu Maureen¹ A., Horsfall Michael Jnr. ², Osu Charles I. ²

² Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, University of Port Harcourt,

P.M.B 5323, Port Harcourt,

Rivers State, Nigeria. +2348037783246; Charles.osu@uniport.edu.ng;

Abstract: The level of selected heavy metals, phytochemicals and proximate composition of spent grain obtained from brewery in Nigeria were investigated. The results obtained ranged from 7.04 to 11.43 mg/Kg, Ca; 8.86 to 17.97 mg/Kg, Cu; 120.80 to 130.00 mg/kg, Zn; 221.75 to 229.84 mg/kg, Fe; < 0.001 to 5.10 mg/kg, Mn; Hg and As were not detected. The phytochemical composition ranged from 8.50 to 11.38 %, alkaloid; 3.27 to 5.73 %, flavonoid; 2.40 to 6.90 %, saponin; 0.30 to 0.41%, tannin and 0.29 to 0.32 %, phytate. The proximate composition obtained ranged from 20.00 to 24.00 to 24.00 %, Protein; 8.45 to 10.00 %, starch; 5.50 to 6.80%, Lipid; 4.50 to 4.80 %, ash; 15.90 to 17.03 %, fiber; and 15.99 to 16.40 %, moisture. Results were compared with international/national standard of heavy metals in food, cereals and vegetables and were found to be within permissible limits except the concentration of Cd and Pb that exceeds the tolerance limit.

[Nwanekwu Maureen, Horsfall Michael Jnr, Osu Charles I. Brewers Spent Grain Obtained From Brewery In Nigeria: Nutritional And Anti Nutritional Status. Researcher 2016;8(10):35-38]. ISSN 1553-9865 (print); ISSN 2163-8950 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 6. doi:10.7537/marsrsj081016.06.

Keywords: Spent grains, Heavy metals, Phytochemicals, brewery.

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The Determinants of Agricultural Production in Musanze District, Rwanda

Aristide Maniriho¹, Alfred R. Bizoza²

^1.  School of Economics, University of Rwanda, P. O. Box 1514 Kigali, Rwanda.

Email: manirihoaristide1@gmail.com (Corresponding author)

^2.  Directorate of Research, Institute of Policy Analysis and Research, P. O. Box 6005, Kigali, Rwanda. Email: alfredbiz23@gmail.com; a.bizoza@ipar-rwanda.org

Abstract: This paper estimated the Cobb-Douglas production function in reference to the agricultural production function in Musanze District, Northern Rwanda. Data were collected through a survey of 107 farmers, selected purposively from the study area. Both descriptive and econometric approaches were used for the data analysis. Results from the analysis substantiate that the overall agricultural production was positively correlated to the inputs used, namely labour, fertilizers, seeds and pesticides. Labour, fertilizers and seeds were highly significant (p<0.05) factors contributing to production as they explained 66% of the variation in agricultural production. Overall significance and the normality test of residuals showed that results from the estimated model were reliable for the prediction and policy formulation. The sum of input coefficients (0.99) indicated that agriculture was recording decreasing returns to scale. Based on results of this study, we recommend that farmers could achieve the least production cost through a more rational use of available inputs. The government and other agricultural development agencies should promote actions that guarantee markets to farmers and facilitate access to proximity extension services.

[Aristide Maniriho, Alfred R. Bizoza. The Determinants of Agricultural Production in Musanze District, Rwanda. Researcher 2016;8(10):39-46]. ISSN 1553-9865 (print); ISSN 2163-8950 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 7. doi:10.7537/marsrsj081016.07.

Key words: Agricultural production, Cobb-Douglas production function, Musanze District, Rwanda

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The Impact Of Insecticide Treated Net On The Prevalence Of Malaria In Some Communities Of The Fct, Abuja.

Ayeni Joshua Ayokunle, Malann Yoila David, Biodun Orogun.

Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Abuja, Nigeria.

jayeni45@yahoo.com

Abstract꞉ An assessment of the impact of insecticide treated net on the prevalence of malaria in Yangoji and Gwagwalada areas of the Federal Capital Territory, Abuja, was conducted from June 2015 to January 2016 among patients presented with fibril illness, in the University of Abuja Teaching Hospital in Gwagwalada and the Primary Health Care Centre in Yangoji, Kwali Area Council. A total of 500 individuals resident in Gwagwalada and Yangoji were administered with a structured questionnaire and examined respectively for the presence of malaria parasiteamia microscopically. In Yangoji and Gwagwalada, of the 250 subjects examined respectively, the study reveals that 73.20% and 78.54% of respondent possesses insecticide treated net. The prevalence of malaria among individuals that possesses ITNs was 47.54% at Yangoji and 38.78% at Gwagwalada. There was a statistical difference in the prevalence of malaria between individuals possessing ITNs and those not possessing it, (P-value > 0.05). Prevalence of malaria among males and females that possesses ITNs in Yangoji and Gwagwalada was 56.52%, 41.22% and 40.485, 37.50%, conversely prevalence of malaria among males and females not possessing net in Yangoji and Gwagwalada were 66.66% and 85.71%, 83.33% and 70.83%. The study revealed that Malaria parasitaemia was less prevalent among subjects possessing ITNs.

[Ayeni J.A, Malann Y.D, Orogun B. The Impact of Insecticide Treated Net on the Prevalence of Malaria in some Communities of the FCT, Abuja. Researcher 2016;8(10):47-52]. ISSN 1553-9865 (print); ISSN 2163-8950 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 8. doi:10.7537/marsrsj081016.08.

Keywords: Prevalence, ITNs, Malaria, Possession

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Investigation the relationship between health literacy and quality of life in medical staff of NAJA hospital of Imam Sajjad (AS) in Tehran

Simin Siri¹, Narges Siri²

^1.  Teacher of Natural Science, Master of Health Education, Tarbiat Modarres University

^2.  Chemistry teacher, Master of Chemistry, Payam Noor University of Qom

sirisimin@yahoo.com

Abstract: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between health literacy and quality of life in medical staff of NAJA hospital of Imam Sajjad (AS) in Tehran. Health literacy is the ability to read, understand and act on health and health advice and people who have inadequate health literacy are less likely written and oral information provided by health professionals to understand and serve their orders also have poorer health status and more medical costs to incur. As a result of inadequate health literacy today is a global threat. In other words, health literacy individual capacity to obtain, process and understand basic information and health services is defined in order to make appropriate decisions. Quality of life is also an important indicator of health status, quality of life in physical, psychological, spiritual and social and economic well-being of vision specialists, satisfaction and well-being is considered from the perspective of his own. As a concept unique to him and to everyone and relates to matters for which there was a particular aspect of his life and it gives more weight. The quality and his understanding of his culture and value system, and in relation to goals, expectations, standards and priorities to measuring health-related quality of life in general and specific tools made and in the areas of diagnosis, prediction and evaluation of effective and efficient way to care and treatment practices for chronic disease and even healthy people can help. The aim of this study was to determine health status, the relationship between health literacy and quality of life is registered with Imam Sajjad hospital.

[Simin Siri, Narges Siri. Investigation the relationship between health literacy and quality of life in medical staff of NAJA hospital of Imam Sajjad (AS) in Tehran. Researcher 2016;8(10):53-58]. ISSN 1553-9865 (print); ISSN 2163-8950 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 9. doi:10.7537/marsrsj081016.09.

Keywords: education, health, quality of life, health subscales of health literacy, statements of quality of life

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10

Designing and Customization of Knowledge Management System Implementation Pattern: A Case Study of Khuzestan Gas Company

Nader gholi Zarimeydani^1*, Dr. Nima Hamta^2**

^*1Department of industrial engineering, Persian Gulf International Branch, Islamic Azad university, khorramshahr, Iran

^**2 Assistant Professor, Department of industrial engineering in Arak University of Technology, Arak, Iran

Abstract: This paper seeks to investigate, by using the variables of Rahnavard’s and Muhammadi’s knowledge management conceptual model including the variables of knowledge management pattern, human resources development, knowledge-based orientation, knowledge assessment and transfer, and individuals’ involvement, the effectiveness of each of the aforementioned model parameters in the implementation of knowledge management system in Khuzestan Gas Company. In the end, the correlation of parameters is to be studied by means of SPSS and LISREL software, and the final model will be presented.

[Nader gholi Zarimeydani, Nima Hamta. Designing and Customization of Knowledge Management System Implementation Pattern: A Case Study of Khuzestan Gas Company. Researcher 2016;8(10):59-63]. ISSN 1553-9865 (print); ISSN 2163-8950 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 10. doi:10.7537/marsrsj081016.10.

Keywords: knowledge management, Likert scale, normal distribution and statistical tests

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Impact assessment of Dhampur sugar mill effluent on water quality of Bijnor district (U.P.)

Gagan Matta, Mahesh Kumar, Sachin Kumar, Aayoosh Walia, Avinash Kumar and Ajendra Kumar*

Department of Zoology & Environment Sciences

*Department of Mathematics and Statistics

Gurkula Kangri University, Haridwar, India

drgaganmatta@gkv.ac.in

Abstract: Industrial effluents are the major source of water pollution, which disturb the life cycle of the living thing on Earth. Among the factors polluting the groundwater and surface water, sugar mills certainly have a larger share in form of their discharge of the wastewater as effluent. In this aspect the present study was carried out for the pollutants concentrations in the Dhampur sugar mill effluent. Every industry should adopt the Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD) in their industry premises to avoid discharge of effluent without treatment. Groundwater & surface water samples were analysed for various parameters like pH, EC, TDS, TSS, BOD, COD, DO & NO₃ during the period of operation of sugar mill. The results revealed that there were variations in some parameters. The high values of DO (7.2 mg/Lit.), Nitrate (49 mg/Lit.) were found in the samples. The investigation suggests that water quality management, an important issue for the sustenance of human civilization must become a major priority.

[Gagan Matta, Mahesh Kumar, Sachin Kumar, Aayoosh Walia, Avinash Kumar and Ajendra Kumar. Impact assessment of Dhampur sugar mill effluent on water quality of Bijnor district (U.P.). Researcher 2016;8(10):64-70]. ISSN 1553-9865 (print); ISSN 2163-8950 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 11. doi:10.7537/marsrsj081016.11.

Key words: Ground water, Effluent, ZLD, Sugar industry

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Antimicrobial Activity of Aqueous and Ethanolic Extracts of Bryophyllum pinnatum

¹J. Ladan, ²B.T. Thomas, ¹Q.C. Ogueri and ³O.A Oso

¹Department of Disease Control and Immunization, National Primary Health Care Development Agency, Abuja

²Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, University of Lagos, Akoka, Lagos, Nigeria

³Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-araba, Lagos, Nigeria

benthoa2013@gmail.com

Abstract: Bryophyllum pinnatum is a crassulescent herb with wide distribution and documented antimicrobial efficacies. Inconsistence in its activities has however, been suggestively linked with some factors. Hence, this study was carried out to establish the effect of some extrinsic factors on the antibacterial activities of Bryophyllum pinnatum against some disease causing microorganisms. Antibacterial activity of Bryophyllum pinnatum was determined by standard agar-diffusion method. Results from this study showed a significantly higher zone of microbial inhibition with ethanolic extract when compared with aqueous extracts (P<0.05). Conclusion from this study have shown that solvents and concentration of extract are some of the extrinsic factors that influences the antibacterial activities of Bryophyllum pinnatum.

[J. Ladan, B.T. Thomas, Q.C. Ogueri and O.A Oso. Antimicrobial Activity of Aqueous and Ethanolic Extracts of Bryophyllum pinnatum. Researcher 2016;8(10):71-73]. ISSN 1553-9865 (print); ISSN 2163-8950 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 12. doi:10.7537/marsrsj081016.12.

Keywords: Antimicrobial, Bryophyllum pinnatum, Aqueous, Ethanolic, microorganisms

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13

The New Prime theorems（45）-（70）

Chun-Xuan Jiang

P. O. Box 3924, Beijing 100854, P. R. China

jiangchunxuan@vip.sohu.com

Abstract: Using Jiang function we prove that the new prime theorems (45)-(70) contain infinitely many prime solutions and no prime solutions.

[Chun-Xuan Jiang. The New Prime theorems（45）-（70）. Researcher 2016;8(10):74-100]. ISSN 1553-9865 (print); ISSN 2163-8950 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 13. doi:10.7537/marsrsj081016.13.

Keywords: prime; theorem; function; number; new

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