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Bacterial Load, Incidence of Escherichia Coli and Proximate Analysis of Locally Produced Orange Juice in Gwagwalada

Oyedeji, Funmilayo Nike and Ijigbade, Bamidele

Department of Biology, Federal Capital Territory College of Education, P.M.B. 61, Abuja-Nigeria.

Email: deleijigbade@yahoo.com

Abstract: The study on the bacterial load, incidence of Escherichia coli and proximate analysis of locally produced orange juice in Gwagwalada was conducted. The bacterial load, incidence of Escherichia coli was carried out using the Spread Plate Technique. The proximate values of the orange juice samples from five different locations which include Gwagwalada market, Phase I, Kaswandare, Phase 3 and Dagiri. Some of the juices contain impressive amounts of minerals, crude lipid, vitamin C, ash and moisture content. The moisture content ranged from 80.95±5.80 % to 94.16±6.18, with sample from Gwagwalada market having the highest (94. 16 %) while the least was recorded by sample from Kasuandare (80.95±5.80%). Vitamin C content ranges from 0.013±0.08 to 0.015±0.08 mg/100ml. The mineral content in the orange juice include calcium with an average concentration ranging from 20.2± 1.08 ppm to 26.2± 2.21, Magnesium (ranges from 12.4± 0.8 to 15.5± 0.9 ppm), low amounts of Fe (between 0.20± 0.07 to 0.50± 0.09 ppm) and Cu (0.10 ± 0.01 to 0.13± 0.01 ppm) were obtained in the juice. The juice was relatively acidic with pH values (at 25°C) ranging from 4.0 to 5.4, which was within the optimum pH range for fruit juices. Kasuwandere recorded the highest isolated Escherichia coli with 33.33 %, followed by Gwagwalada market and Phase III with 20 % each, Phase 1 and Dagiri with equal values have the least incidence of Escherichia coli in the orange juice with 13.33 % each. The result obtained from this study showed that the total bacteria count of the locally produced orange juice in Gwagwalada ranged from 1.2x10⁵±0.40 to 6.6x10⁷ ±0.13 CFU/ml for all the samples from the five different locations. The bacterial load, incidence of Escherichia coli were not significantly different at p < 0.05 level of significant.

[Oyedeji, Funmilayo Nike and Ijigbade, Bamidele. Bacterial Load, Incidence of Escherichia Coli and Proximate Analysis of Locally Produced Orange Juice in Gwagwalada. Researcher 2016;8(3):1-7]. ISSN 1553-9865 (print); ISSN 2163-8950 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 1.

doi:10.7537/marsrsj080316.01

Keywords: Juice, Escherichia coli

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Study of Relationship between Organizational Culture and Organizational Learning in [Iran University of Medical Sciences Deputy Department for Development]

Najmeh Vakili, Shahrzad Saremi

Associate professor, College of educational sciences, Azad Islamic University, Roudehen branch

saremi_50@yahoo.com

Abstract: This research attempts to analyze the relationship between organizational culture and organizational Learning. The independent variable is the organizational Culture of its components are: Get involved, Compatibility, Adaptability and Mission and the dependent variable is the Management Commitment, Perspective, opening workspace and experiences, and Transfer and integration of knowledge. The population of the research staff Department of Medical Sciences, Iran comprise that sample consisted is 300 individuals. Sample size of 169 patients was obtained through Cochran formula. Data collection method is included questionnaires Dennison and questionnaire Gomes et al. Method of analysis has been done using the Pearson correlation coefficient. The results showed that there is a relationship between organizational Culture and organizational.

[Najmeh Vakili, Shahrzad Saremi. Study of Relationship between Organizational Culture and Organizational Learning in [Iran University of Medical Sciences Deputy Department for Development. Researcher 2016;8(3):8-13]. ISSN 1553-9865 (print); ISSN 2163-8950 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 2.

doi:10.7537/marsrsj080316.02

Keywords: Organizational Culture, Organizational learning, Department of Medical Sciences, Iran

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Effect of Bacillus thuringiensis Applied as Soil Drenches on Fusarium Wilt of Four Okra Cultivars

*Okereke, V.C. and Onyeke, J. C.

Department of Crop and Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Port Harcourt, PMB 5323, Port Harcourt, Nigeria.

*chykeoky@yahoo.com

Abstract: A pot experiment was conducted to determine the effect of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) applied as soil drenches against Fusarium wilt disease of potted Okra. The experiment employed four Okra cultivars namely; Clemson spineless, Sahari, Lima and Yodana and three concentrations of Bacillus thuringiensis (0 g, 1.0 g and 1.5 g per 10,000 g of potted soil). The experiment was laid out in a 4 x 3 factorial in Completely Randomized Design (CRD) replicated four times. The application of Bt was done at four weeks after sowing and data were collected on plant height, % leaf wilt and % plant wilt. Results showed Fusarium sp was implicated as the main causal agent of the wilt disease. Pots treated with Bacillus thuringiensis tended to have increased plant height when compared with the control pots. On average, plant height of Clemson spineless was significantly higher than all the other tested cultivars (17.35 cm), and Yodana had the least (7.51 cm) plant height. The different concentrations of Bacillus thuringiensis also reduced the severity of the Fusarium wilt disease. There was cultivar sensitivity to Bt application, both the % leaf wilt and plant wilt were significantly (P < 0.05) reduced in Lima and Sahari when compared with the other cultivars. The ability of the Bt used in the experiment to suppress Fusarium, a causal agent of wilt disease of Okra makes it a good candidate in biological disease control programs.

[Okereke, V.C. and Onyeke, J. C. Effect of Bacillus thuringiensis Applied as Soil Drenches on Fusarium Wilt of Four Okra Cultivars. Researcher 2016;8(3):14-19]. ISSN 1553-9865 (print); ISSN 2163-8950 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 3.

doi:10.7537/marsrsj080316.03

Key words: Bacillus thuringiensis, Okra, cultivar, bio-control, leaf wilt, plant wilt, Fusarium

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Provide a model for determining the strategy level of orienting Khorramshahr port by Kaplan and Norton model

Susan Joudaki

Department of Financial Management, Persian Gulf International Branch, Islamic Azad University, khorramshahr, Iran

Abstract: Organizations to better control and more comprehensive planning strongly felt that requires to the evaluation system with a logical and systematic performance. The study "provides a model to determine the strategy level of orienting Khoramshahar Port by Kaplan and Norton model" that it under a conceptual model by using the balanced scorecard and performance evaluation and by using AHP an integrated and strategic performance evaluation system identifies quantitative and qualitative indicators to offer. The population of the research was staff of Khorramshahar. To collect data in the form of a Likert questionnaire was used. In this study, 55 indicators in the balanced scorecard to assess various aspects of which were identified that among them by using a questionnaire and the Likert scale based on population sample size According to Morgan, 210 managers, employees and experts of Khorramshahr port were considered. The study showed that the addition of a model to assess the strategic level of orientation, thinking management of khorramshahar port is considered. They were not mentioned in the previous investigation. The study also provided suggestions at the end of the study.

[Susan Joudaki. Provide a model for determining the strategy level of orienting Khorramshahr port by Kaplan and Norton model. Researcher 2016;8(3):20-27]. ISSN 1553-9865 (print); ISSN 2163-8950 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 4.

doi:10.7537/marsrsj080316.04

Keywords: performance evaluation, balanced scorecard, effectiveness, Khorramshahr Port Authority

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Attitude Towards Using New Technology Among Higher Secondary School Teachers In District Budgam

Nighat Basu¹, Gawher Ahmad²

¹Professor, Department of Education, Central University of Kashmir

²Research Scholar, Department of Education, University of Kashmir

Abstract: The present study was conducted with an objective to compare the attitude of higher secondary schools teachers towards ICT. The sample for the proposed study consisted of 60 higher secondary school teachers (Govt. N= 30; Science = 15; Arts N= 15, Private N= 30; Science N= 15; Arts = N=15) belonged to different areas of Zone Dreygam District Budgam. Random sampling strategy was followed to draw the sample for the study. The data was subjected to various statistical treatments. The results reveal the Govt secondary school teachers have altogether favourable attitude towards ICT than the private secondary school teachers.

[Nighat Basu, Gawher Ahmad. Attitude Towards Using New Technology Among Higher Secondary School Teachers In District Budgam. Researcher 2016;8(3):28-33]. ISSN 1553-9865 (print); ISSN 2163-8950 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 5.

doi:10.7537/marsrsj080316.05

Key words: ICT, Attitude, Secondary school teachers

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Determinants of Performance Management Practices: A Case Study of National Bank of Pakistan

Ayesha Yaseen MS Scholar¹, Sehrish Afghan BBS²

¹Department of Management Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur

Email: Ayesha_ayesha12@hotmail.com

²Department of Management Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur

Email: sehrishafghan@hotmail.com

Abstract: There is drive and momentum to implement changes in the public sector organizations and for such changes it is first and foremost dilemma to analyze the performance management system and practices implemented in such organizations. This study explores the performance management system at National bank of Pakistan. It’s a descriptive study and main focus of this study is to identify the flaws in performance management system that are currently prevailing at National bank of Pakistan and suggesting new ideas to bring positive changes ultimately getting competitive advantage through Human Resource Management (HRM). For analyzing the study, a sample of 100 employees has been selected on convenient basis form Bahawalpur Region and reposes are obtained on the fully structured questionnaires and analyze the results through Chi-Square technique.

[Ayesha Yaseen MS Scholar, Sehrish Afghan BBS. Determinants of Performance Management Practices: A Case Study of National Bank of Pakistan. Researcher 2016;8(3):34-42]. ISSN 1553-9865 (print); ISSN 2163-8950 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 6.

doi:10.7537/marsrsj080316.06

Key words: Performance management system, reward, motivation, feedback and performance criterion.

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Influence of Demographic Variables on Alcohol Intake and Abuse In Owerri Municipal Council: Counseling Implications

Dr. (mrs.) Rosemary Ekechukwu¹, Ogu Cyprian I²

¹Department of Educational Psychology, Guidance and Counselling, University of Port Harcourt

E-mail: mamatriplets01@yahoo.com

²Department of Educational Psychology, Guidance and Counselling, University of Port Harcourt

Abstract: The study investigated the influence of demographic variables on alcohol intake and abuse in Owerri municipal council of Imo State, Nigeria. A sample of 160 respondents were purposively selected from an estimated population of 127,000. Five research question and correspond hypotheses were answered and analysed respectively using mean, standard deviation and t-test. The result of the finding showed that age, gender and marital status influenced alcohol intake and abuse while educational qualifications and occupation did not have any significant influence on alcohol intake and abuse among the people of Owerri municipal council. Based on the result of the findings conclusion and recommendation were made, one of which is that all the stakeholder especially the local government council should monitor the indiscrimination sale and distribution of alcohol and other substances. Also illegal citing of bush bars and motels should be checked.

[Rosemary Ekechukwu, Ogu Cyprian I. Influence of Demographic Variables on Alcohol Intake and Abuse In Owerri Municipal Council: Counseling Implications. Researcher 2016;8(3):43-50]. ISSN 1553-9865 (print); ISSN 2163-8950 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 7.

doi:10.7537/marsrsj080316.07

Keywords: Demographic; Variable; Alcohol; Intake; Abuse

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Prevalence of Multiple Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria in Selected Libraries of University of Ibadan, Nigeria

Holy Giwa

g.jofsh@yahoo.com

Abstract: The health and wellbeing of the public are affected by the physical, chemical and biological properties of their indoor environments. There are many multiple drug resistant pathogenic microorganisms of public health significance found in indoor air and on indoor surfaces which are inadvertently introduced on and into the body through contact. Antibiotic sensitivity of 40 identified bacteria isolated from indoor air and book surfaces in selected libraries in University of Ibadan to different broad spectrum commonly antibiotics was carried out using the disc diffusion method. The settle plate method was used to collect indoor air samples while book surfaces were swabbed using sterile swabs to collect microbial contaminations. Bacteria isolated were species of Bacillus, Staphylococcus, Proteus, Micrococcus, Yersenia, Erwinia, Klebsiella Serratia, Pseudomonas and Providencia. Bacillus spp. had the highest occurrence of 27.5% followed by Staphylococcus sp. (22.5%), Erwinia and Providencia spp. had the lowest occurrence of 2.5% each. Resistance of these organisms to the test antibiotics ranged between 17.5% for ciprofloxacin to 75% for tetracycline. Irrespective of species, 46.25% of the isolates were resistant to all the antibiotics while 42.5% were susceptible to them all. Also, 100% were resistant to at least one or more antibiotics while 82.5% were multiple drugs resistant. Three (7.5%) of the Gram positive bacteria isolated from these libraries (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus cohnii) showed 100% resistance to all the tested antibiotics. Results of this study shows that library environments (indoor air and books), can serve as environmental reservoirs of multiple antibiotic resistant bacteria capable of being transferred to other environments through contact with any of these media. Regular disinfection of library environment and proper hand washing with soap free of antimicrobial agents prior to and after handling library materials were recommended to effectively prevent a pathogen’s path of transmission from person to person.

[Holy Giwa. Prevalence of Multiple Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria in Selected Libraries of University of Ibadan, Nigeria. Researcher 2016;8(3):51-59]. ISSN 1553-9865 (print); ISSN 2163-8950 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 8.

doi:10.7537/marsrsj080316.08

Keywords: Prevalence; Multiple; Antibiotic Resistant; Bacteria; Nigeria

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Trypanosomosis in Cattle Population of Pawe District of Benishangul Gumuz Regional State, Western Ethiopia: Anemia, Vector Density and Associated Risks

¹Asmamaw Aki and ²*Getachew Dinede

¹Regional veterinary Diagnostic, Surveillance, Monitoring and Study Laboratory, P.O. Box: 326, Asossa, Ethiopia

²Ministry of Livestock and Fishery, Epidemiology Directorate, P.O. Box: 1084, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Telephone: +251116676953; Email: dinedegech@gmail.com

Abstract: A cross-sectional study was carried out in Pawe district of Benishangul Gumuz Regional State, Western Ethiopia from January to March, 2016 to determine trypanosomosis prevalence, trypanosomosis association with anemia, prevailing trypanosomes species, associated risks and vector density. Blood samples collected from (n= 519) randomly sampled cattle (Bos indicus) was examined using buffy coat technique and hematological procedures. An overall, 29 (5.58%) trypanosomosis prevalence was recorded. The infection was caused by Trypanosoma congolense 22/29 (75.86%) and Trypanosoma vivax 7/29(24.14%). The infection rate difference between trypanosomes was statistically significant (P< 0.05). Mean packed cell volume (PCV) value of the infected animals was lower (22.79% + 4.51) than uninfected animals (25.81% + 5.53) and the variation was statistically significant (P< 0.05). Overall, anemia prevalence of 35.06% (182/519) was recorded and it was significantly higher (58.6%) in infected cattle than in non-infected (33.67%). Significant association was not recorded with study sites, sex groups, age categories and body conditions (P> 0.05). Glossina tachinoides was the only tsetse fly caught and its mean apparent density measured as fly/trap/day was 5.03. In addition, other mechanical transmitters of trypanosomosis such as stomoxys (1.62 f/t/d), tabanus (0.41f/t/d) and haematopota (0.22 f/t/d) were recorded. In conclusion, the result of the current study showed the economical importance of trypanosomosis in the area calling for devising strategic control efforts.

[Aki A, and Dinede D. Trypanosomosis in Cattle Population of Pawe District of Benishangul Gumuz Regional State, Western Ethiopia: Anemia, Vector Density and Associated Risks. Researcher 2016;8(3):60-66]. ISSN 1553-9865 (print); ISSN 2163-8950 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 9.

doi:10.7537/marsrsj080316.09

Key words: Anaemia; Pawe; PCV; Risk factor; Trypanosomosis; Tsetse fly

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Evaluation of Critical Factors of Knowledge Management in Project-Based Businesses Using Interpretive Structural Modeling

Mostafa Jafari¹, Hamid Reza Naeini¹, Hamed Nejati¹, Seyyed Taha Hossein Mortaji¹, Najmeh-Sadat Mortaji²

¹Department of Industrial Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran

²London Metropolitan University, Business School, London, United Kingdom

Abstract: In today’s business environment, knowledge is a key factor well-known for its impact on the competition of organizations. Agencies have recognized that intellectual capitals play an important role in keeping the organizations competitive. Thus, a large number of companies investing on knowledge management (KM) are considerably growing. Project-based organizations are also facing the same challenges. The temporary nature of projects, short-term orientations, non-routine and complex activities in organizations have shaped different characteristics for this type of organizations. It is also notable that project team members will leave the team after the end of project. For this reason, project-based businesses face particular barriers in implementing KM practices. Project-based organizations have difficulties incorporating time orientations and knowledge processes into their existing activities. In this paper, with a careful review of existing literature, the critical factors for implementing KM in project-based businesses have been discussed. Then by using Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM), the impact of these factors on each other and also on project as a whole are specified.

[Mostafa Jafari, Hamid Reza Naeini, Hamed Nejati, Seyyed Taha Hossein Mortaji, Najmeh-Sadat Mortaji. Evaluation of Critical Factors of Knowledge Management in Project-Based Businesses Using Interpretive Structural Modeling. Researcher 2016;8(3):67-75]. ISSN 1553-9865 (print); ISSN 2163-8950 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 10.

doi:10.7537/marsrsj080316.10

Keywords: Knowledge Management (KM), Critical Factors, Project-Based Businesses, Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM)

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Strategic Leadership and the Most Important Elements in Profit and Non Profit Sector

¹Abbas Sadeghi, ²Ali Javanbakht Moghaddam

Sama Technical and Vocational Training College, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz Branch, Shiraz, Iran

University Sains Malaysia

Abstract: What leaders can do in today’s strategic and competitive business environment for success? How can they engage in strategic planning and management effectively? What are the general approaches and key strategic needs? What are the necessities, capabilities and alternatives in the public and private sector? Are there any differences? This paper aims to investigate these questions and provide a strategic approach to leadership role in today’s turbulent business and nonprofit entities.

[Abbas Sadeghi, Ali Javanbakht Moghaddam. Strategic Leadership and the Most Important Elements in Profit and Non Profit Sector. Researcher 2016;8(3):76-83]. ISSN 1553-9865 (print); ISSN 2163-8950 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 11.

doi:10.7537/marsrsj080316.11

Keywords: Information Systems, Strategic Approach, Practice, Strategy

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The Three Sisters: Chekhov’S Idea Into Cultural Conflict Between The Attitudes And Aspirations

Ali Reza Bonyadi^{1, 2}

^1- National Academy Of science of Armenia. Institute of Literature. 15 Grigor Lusavorich Str., Yerevan 0015, Republic of Armenia.

^2- Shiraz Branch. Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran. Department of Theater.

E-mail: ARBonyadi@yahoo.com

Abstract: Chekhov was a far-sighted and freedom-loving personality; he respected the human rights and equality. In his stories and plays he presented social problems of the people, prospective ideas of Russian Intellectuals, Realism, Cynicism, Skepticism, Pessimism, Failure, etc. In Chekhov’s opinion life of the human is based on false conviction such as slavery. In “The Three Sisters” he reflects his ideas of life, deep look at people, and sympathy for each other to attract attention of the readers and continues his way, having raised new issues of life.

[Ali Reza Bonyadi. The Three Sisters: Chekhov’S Idea Into Cultural Conflict Between The Attitudes And Aspirations. Researcher 2016;8(3):84-88]. ISSN 1553-9865 (print); ISSN 2163-8950 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 12.

doi:10.7537/marsrsj080316.12

Keywords: Chekhov, Comedy, The Three Sisters, Moscow, Satire, Character.

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The Role of Family Environment and Job Between People

Armin Mahmoudi^{1 ,}Abdolkalegh Golami²

¹Department of Studies in Education, Yasouj branch, Islamic Azad University, Yasouj, Iran. Email: agm1391@gmail.com

²Department of Management, Yasouj branch, Islamic Azad University, Yasouj, Iran.

Abstract: This Survey is about meta-analytic review of 42 experimental studies was made on the correlates of expatriates’ adjustment to general living conditions, interactions with host nationals and work assignments. Respondents to these studies estimated to be 5,210 were expatriates of different nationalities and assigned to various countries. The majority of them were male managers in their forties. Correlates of expatriate adjustment were classified into work, environment and family-related factors. Family-related variables, specifically spousal adjustment, were the strongest correlate of adjustment to general living conditions. Frequency of interaction with host-nationals was the strongest correlate of adjustment to interactional adjustment, whereas job characteristics such as role conflict, ambiguity and discretion were also strongly correlated with work adjustment.

[Armin Mahmoudi, Abdolkalegh Golami. The Role of Family Environment and Job Between People. Researcher 2016;8(3):89-92]. ISSN 1553-9865 (print); ISSN 2163-8950 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 13.

doi:10.7537/marsrsj080316.13

Keywords: Adjustment, Job, Family Environment, Students, experimental studies, conditions

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Disposition Kinetics and Tissue Residues of Florfenicol in Normal and Salmonella Enteritidis Infected Chickens

El Sayed, M.G.A. ¹, El-Komy, A.A.A. ¹, Mobarez, Elham A. ², El-Mahdy, A.M. ²

¹ Department of pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Egypt

² Department of pharmacology, Animal Health Research Institute, Dokki, Egypt

Email: elmahdytoys@yahoo.com

Abstract: The pharmacokinetics of florfenicol was studied following intravenous and oral (single & repeated) administration. Florfenicol was assayed by High performance liquid chromatography method. Following a single intravenous injection of 30 mg/kg body weight of florfenicol in normal chickens, serum concentration-time curve was best described by two compartments model with elimination half-life (t_0.5(β) = 6.38 hour), volume of distribution (V_dss= 5.42 ml/kg) and total clearance of the drug (Cl_tot= 3.00 ml/kg/min). Following a single oral administration of 30 mg/kg body weight florfenicol in normal chickens, the peak serum concentration (C_max) was 4.83 μg/ml was achieved at a maximum time (T_max) of 1.53 hour. The mean systemic bioavailability was 76.22 %. The serum concentrations of florfenicol following repeated oral administration of 30 mg/kg body weight once daily for five consecutive days in normal and experimentally Salmonella enteritidis infected chickens showed a lower significant value recorded in experimentally Salmonella enteritidis infected chickens than in normal ones. Florfenicol showed accumulative behavior in serum of chickens. Florfenicol was assayed in serum, heart, liver, lung, kidney, breast muscle, thigh muscle and skin after 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, 144 and 168 hours after the last dose following administration of 30 mg/kg body weight every 24 hours. Results of this study indicated that florfenicol was useful for treatment of Salmonella enteritidis infections in chickens.

[El Sayed, M.G.A., El-Komy, A.A.A., Mobarez, Elham A., El-Mahdy, A. M. Disposition Kinetics and Tissue Residues of Florfenicol in Normal and Salmonella Enteritidis Infected Chickens. Researcher 2016;8(3):93-100]. ISSN 1553-9865 (print); ISSN 2163-8950 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 14.

doi:10.7537/marsrsj080316.14

Keywords: Pharmacokinetics, florfenicol, tissue residues, chickens

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