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Characterization of bacteriocin produced by Lactobacillus brevis isolated from traditional fermented tomatoes juice

Djadouni Fatima ^1,*, Ruiz Larrea Fernanda ²

^1. Oran University, Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Nature Sciences and Life, Algeria

^2. La Rioja University, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Spain

Houarisalwa@yahoo.fr, fernanda.ruiz@unirioja.es

Abstract: Biopreservation is the use of natural or controlled microbiota or antimicrobials as a way of preserving food and extending its shelf life. The biopreservation of food, especially utilizing lactic acid bacteria (LAB) that are inhibitory to food spoilage microbes, has been practiced since early ages, at first unconsciously but eventually with an increasingly robust scientific foundation. Beneficial bacteria or the fermentation products produced by these bacteria are used in biopreservation to control spoilage and render pathogens inactive in food. The purpose of this present work was to evaluate the efficacy of 65 strains isolated from fermented tomato juice under anaerobic conditions as biocontrol agents against fungi and the food spoilage bacteria. The antagonistic activity of isolated strains was tested in vitro using the well diffusion assay and the spot agar method. ISOL03 showed a broad antagonistic spectrum against seven tested bacterial and fungal foods pathogens. The 16SDNA sequences showed that the antagonist was Lactobacillus brevis. This antimicrobial compound was excreted between late logarithmic and early stationary phases, inactivated by proteolytic enzyme, stable at 120°C and pH 2–6, active in presence of acetone and hexane.

[Djadouni Fatima, Ruiz Larrea Fernanda. Characterization of bacteriocin produced by Lactobacillus brevis isolated from traditional fermented tomatoes juice. Researcher 2016;8(1):1-8]. ISSN 1553-9865 (print); ISSN 2163-8950 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 1.

doi:10.7537/marsrsj080116.01

Key words: Lactobacillus brevis, 16S rDNA sequensing, biopreservation, fermented tomato juice

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Are Mud cracks the Origin of Polygonal Faults?

(Review paper)

Mohamed. M. I.Abduallah ^{A, B}, H.A. Ahmed ^{A, C} and Kabir Shola Ahmed ^A

^A China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China

^B Red Sea University, Sudan

^CMAUTECH, Yola, Nigeria

mohantoker@gmail.com, mohamedjkada@yahoo.com

Abstract: Polygonal faults are a global phenomenon found in different parts of the world. This paper aims to review polygonal faults and mud crack studies in general. Most polygonal faults studies are based on 2D/3D seismic data using different mapping methods (time coherent slice and horizon flattening of high-resolution 3D seismic data, powerful fault-imaging seismic attributes, such as coherence and curvature). The orientation of the polygonal faults is isotropic, indicating a non-tectonic origin. The development of polygonal faults may be triggered by over-pressurized pore fluid which is restricted in the fine-grained sediments of bathyal facies when the sediments are compacted by the burden above. The polygonal faults developed to balance the volumetric contraction and restricted extension. Outcropping polygonal faults show that de-watering and development of polygonal faults commenced shortly after burial. Mud cracks, on the other hand are caused by persistent desiccation and contraction of muddy sediments. These cracks form networks of interconnected tension fractures arranged in remarkable polygonal patterns. Because tensile stress due to drying declines downwards through the sediment, mud cracks have generally been theorized to nucleate near the surface, propagate downwards, and terminate at depth. Polygonal Faults may hence have originated from mud cracks. Earlier generations of mud cracks rupture the set of desiccated layers altogether, forming polygonal patterns that are similar throughout the mud sequin and polygonal faults.

[Mohamed. M. I. Abduallah, H.A. Ahmed, Kabir Shola Ahmed. Are Mud cracks the Origin of Polygonal Faults? Researcher 2016;8(1):9-17]. ISSN 1553-9865 (print); ISSN 2163-8950 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 2.

doi:10.7537/marsrsj080116.02

Key word: polygonal faults, origin, nontectonic, isotropic, fine-grained sediments. Mud crack, dewatering

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A note on the population of Haematopinus tuberculatus (Phthiraptera: Anoplura) on the Buffaloes in District Rampur U.P. India

Archna Rashmi, Aftab Ahmad and A. K. Saxena*

Department of Zoology, Govt. Raza P.G. College, Rampur U.P.

Emails: archna.rashmi@rediffmail.com, draftab.lifescience@rediffmail.com, akscsir@rediffmail.com*

Abstract: One hundred sixty buffaloes were examined for the presence of phthirapteran ectoparasites. As many as, 37.5% (n = 160) buffaloes were found infested with anopluran species, Haematopinus tuberculatus. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of H. tuberculatus on two sexes (X2 = 0.54, P = 0.05). However, prevalence rate was significantly higher on younger buffaloes than adults and other older ones. Significant correlation existed between the prevalence / intensity of infestation and mean monthly temperature. On the other hands, correlation with mean monthly relative humidity remained insignificant. Mean intensity of infestation (observed by counting entire louse load of the body) was found to be 28.5. The sex ratio was female biased and nymphal population was slightly larger than adults.

[Archna Rashmi, Aftab Ahmad and A. K. Saxena. A note on the population of Haematopinus tuberculatus (Phthiraptera: Anoplura) on the Buffaloes in District Rampur U.P. India. Researcher 2016;8(1):18-20]. ISSN 1553-9865 (print); ISSN 2163-8950 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 3.

doi:10.7537/marsrsj080116.03

Key words: Phthiraptera; Lice; Haematopinus tuberculatus; Anopluran

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Phenology of plant species of Subtropical hills of Darazinda, Takht-e Suleman Range F.R D.I. Khan, Pakistan

Ulfat Samreen, Muhammad Ibrar, Lal badshah and Barkat Ullah

Department of Botany, University of Peshawar, Pakistan

goldenbookpk53@yahoo.com

Abstract: The major bulk of the flora showed that total 189 species (88.7%) were in vegetative phase. March with 59 (27.6%) followed by April 42 (19.7%) species. Flowering Seasons extended from February to August and 22 plants flowered in October and December. Spores are produce by Equisetum arvense. The month of March had the high flowering season, 51 species (24%) were blossomed. Fruiting species showed that from April to June 70 species (32.8%) fruiting stage, while 49 species (23%) were from August to October and fruits produced in various months of the year were 47 species (22%). June month with high fruiting plants species with 36 (17%) followed by April with 34 (16%) species.

[Ulfat Samreen, Muhammad Ibrar, Lal badshah and Barkat Ullah. Phenology of plant species of Subtropical hills of Darazinda, Takht-e Suleman Range F.R D.I. Khan, Pakistan. Researcher 2016;8(1):21-28]. ISSN 1553-9865 (print); ISSN 2163-8950 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 4.

doi:10.7537/marsrsj080116.04

Key words: Phenology, Fruit phase, Vegetative phase, Flowering phase

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Correlation Between Cementation Factor And Carbonate Reservoir Rock Properties

Fadhil Sarhan Kadhim

PY-123900 Faculty of Petroleum and Renewable Energy, Supervisions

Prof. Dr. Ariffin Samsuri (Main Supervisor)

Prof. Dr. Ahmed Kamal (Co--Sopurvisor)

Universiti Teknologi Malaysia

Abstract: A large proportion of hydrocarbons in the Middle East are contained in supergiant carbonate reservoirs, which cover about fifteen percent of the world's oil reserves. Carbonate reservoirs in the Middle East are very heterogeneous in terms of rock types. Therefore the reservoir should be split into layers on the basis of the dominant rock type in order to define average values and trends of physical rock properties. The cementation factor (m) has specific effects on petrophysical and elastic properties in porous media. The accurate determination of cementation factor (m) gives reliable saturation results and consequently hydrocarbon reserve calculations. A comprehensive investigation of petrophysical and elastic properties of carbonate rocks, which have an interlock with the cementation factor should be covered through core analysis and log data. NS1, NS-2, NS-3, NS-4 and NS-5 are the studied wells from the NS oil field, which is one of giant carbonate oil reservoirs in the Middle East. The study made across the Mishrif and Yamama limestone carbonate formations. Neurology software (V 5, 2008) was used to digitize the scanned copies of available logs (Self potential, Resistivity logs, Gamma ray, Neutron logs, Density log and Sonic log), while Interactive Petrophysics software (IP V3.5, 2008) had been used in order to represent the results of Computer Program Interpretation (CPI), which is the present day computer program that have been used by the geophysicist of Schlumberger (SLB) Company since 1995. Actual Archie's parameters (a, m and n) by Picket and Gomez methods, porosity and permeability from well log calculated and compared with core results. Elastic rock properties such as; shear wave velocity (V_S), compressional velocity (V_P), Bulk modulus (K_w), Young's modulus (E) and Poisson's ratio(ʋ) had been calculated. Four saturation models were used to calculate water saturation of carbonate formations (simple Archie equation, Dual water model, Modified Simandoux model and Indonesia model). In this study a new method was used to find correlation related cementation factor(m) and carbonate rock properties such, as the permeability (K), porosity (Ф), compressional-shear velocity ratio (V_P/V_S), Bulk modulus (K_m), and Biot's Constant by using Artificial Neural Network regression, also this study aimed to re-estimate original oil in place and calculate the overburden pressure in this field. Well log data and core analysis data were provided from the NS oil field.

[Fadhil Sarhan Kadhim. Correlation Between Cementation Factor And Carbonate Reservoir Rock Properties. Researcher 2016;8(1):29-65]. ISSN 1553-9865 (print); ISSN 2163-8950 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 5.

doi:10.7537/marsrsj080116.05

Keywords: Correlation; Cementation Factor; Carbonate Reservoir; Rock Property

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Traditional Degrees and online degrees in adult education

Abbas Emami and Mohaddaseh Nazarpoor

Marvdasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran

E-mail: abbasemami237@yahoo.com

Abstract: The base of available information technology resources is increasing with dramatic speed. Much has been learned about connecting various forms of technology into systems, so that the ability to link systems is growing. Most distance learning systems are hybrids, combining several technologies, such as satellite, ITFS, microwave, cable, fiber optic, and computer connections. Technology transports information, not people. Distances between teachers and students are bridged with an array of familiar technology as well as new information age equipment. What sets today's distance education efforts apart from previous efforts is the possibility of an interactive capacity that provides learner and teacher with needed feedback, including the opportunity to dialogue, clarify, or assess. Advances in digital compression technology may greatly expand the number of channels that can be sent over any transmission medium, doubling or even tripling channel capacity. Technologies for learning at a distance are also enlarging our definition of how students learn, where they learn, and who teaches them. No one technology is best for all situations and applications.

[Abbas Emami and Mohaddaseh Nazarpoor. Traditional Degrees and online degrees in adult education. Researcher 2016;8(1):66-70]. ISSN 1553-9865 (print); ISSN 2163-8950 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 6.

doi:10.7537/marsrsj080116.06

Keywords: Online Degrees, Traditional Degrees, distance education

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Duties of educators in adult education

Rashid Nazarpoor and Aghajan Kamalian

Marvdasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran

E-mail: aghajan18749@yahoo.com

Abstract: a well trained teacher who is fluent in adult education as a change agent responsibility is beyond routing plans and activities, In recent years the practice has changed and the role of educator as a "change agent" and reform as a donor and an "auxiliary roles" or "facilitators" were raised as his understanding of adult personal and community among people. In addition, a person well trained teacher who is fluent in adult education as a change agent responsibility is beyond routing plans and activities. His role in the educational process as a facilitative (helpful), leader (leading), incentives, consultant and source of information (not move), regular (planned), judge poster and ..... Is. The ultimate goal of people helping him to his ability to help raise up to be adult. Fact that the adult educator role of a marginal position in society has changed to a central location for this position change the natural outcome of many social problems such as wars, crime, illiteracy and disease .... Can easily be resolved through processes of adult education.

[Rashid Nazarpoor and Aghajan Kamalian. Duties of educators in adult education. Researcher 2016;8(1):71-77]. ISSN 1553-9865 (print); ISSN 2163-8950 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 7.

doi:10.7537/marsrsj080116.07

Keywords educator, adult education

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Functions in Private extension

Saadat Sobhanian

Marvdasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran

E-mail: saadat_sobhanian@yahoo.com

Abstract: Diverse agricultural extension funding and delivery arrangements have been undertaken since the mid-1980s by governments worldwide in the name of "privatization." When agricultural extension is discussed, privatization is used in the broadest sense – of introducing or increasing private sector participation, which does not necessarily imply a transfer of designated state-owned assets to the private sector. In fact, various cost-recovery, commercialization, and other so-called privatization alternatives have been adopted to improve agricultural extension. The form and content of decentralization has dominated development discourse and public sector reform agenda in Kenya in the last two decades. The evolution of public agricultural extension arrived at a worldwide turning point in the 1980s, one that represented the end of a major phase in the growth of publicly funded extension in both the developed and developing world. Agricultural extension increasingly has become defined as one or other of (apparently) differentiated activities of technology transfer or rural development. In many situations, the transfer of technology, heretofore considered the purview of public sector systems, has been reconceived. Such changes suggest a refocussing of paradigms for the delivery of public sector extension.

[Saadat Sobhanian. Functions in Private extension. Researcher 2016;8(1):78-82]. ISSN 1553-9865 (print); ISSN 2163-8950 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 8.

doi:10.7537/marsrsj080116.08

Keywords: private extension; agricultural extension; funding

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Density Functional Theory (DFT) Study of a new 4-[(Z)-phenyldiazenyl]-2H-Chromen-2-one Dye for Its Use as Sensitizer in Molecular Photovoltaics

I.A. Adejoro¹, F.G. Tolufashe¹, C.U. Ibeji¹*

¹Department of Chemistry, University of Ibadan, Nigeria

*Corresponding author: ibejicollins@yahoo.com

Abstract: In this study, the geometries, electronic structure and the ground state properties of 4-[(Z)-phenyldiazenyl]-2H-Chromen-2-one dye have been carried out using Density Functional Theory (DFT) and Time Dependent Density Functional Theory (TD-DFT). The excitation energies, absorption properties such as maximum wavelength and oscillator strength have been determined. The spectra in the range 200-700nm were found to originate from transitions. We have also investigated HOMO and LUMO levels in gas phase and solvent phases for this dye. Solvent effects have also been studied to describe changes in the energies and UV absorption and that accompanied change in the polarity of the dye. A large red shift of the absorption maximum in the polar solvent suggests an intra-molecular charge transfer character of the excited state. DFT calculation reveals that the small band gap of 4-[(Z)-phenyldiazenyl]-2H-Chromen-2-one makes it a potential in photovoltaic applications and is also efficient as Dye Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSC).

[I.A. Adejoro, F.G. Tolufashe, C.U. Ibeji. Density Functional Theory (DFT) Study of a new 4-[(Z)-phenyldiazenyl]-2H-Chromen-2-one Dye for Its Use as Sensitizer in Molecular Photovoltaics. Researcher 2016;8(1):83-89]. ISSN 1553-9865 (print); ISSN 2163-8950 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 9.

doi:10.7537/marsrsj080116.09

Keywords: HOMO, LUMO, Azo dye, Time dependent density theory (TD-DFT)

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Santilli’s Isoprime theory

Chun-Xuan Jiang

Institute for Basic Research, Palm Harbor, FL34682-1577, USA

And: P. O. Box 3924, Beijing 100854, China

jiangchunxuan@sohu.com, cxjiang@mail.bcf.net.cn, jcxuan@sina.com, Jiangchunxuan@vip.sohu.com

Abstract: We establish the Santilli’s isomathematics based on the generalization of the modern mathematics. Isomultiplication , isodivision , where  is called an isounit, ,  inverse of isounit. Keeping unchanged addition and subtraction,  are four arithmetic operations in Santilli’s isomathematics. Isoaddition , isosubtraction  where  is called isozero,  are four arithmetic operations in Santilli’s new isomathematics. We establish Santilli’s isoprime theory of the first kind, Santilli’s isoprime theory of the second kind and isoprime theory in Santilli’s new isomathematics. We give an example to illustrate the Santilli’s isomathematics.

[Chun-Xuan Jiang. Santilli’s Isoprime theory. Researcher 2016;8(1):90-98]. ISSN 1553-9865 (print); ISSN 2163-8950 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 10.

doi:10.7537/marsrsj080116.10

Keywords: Santilli’s Isoprime; theory; isomathematics

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