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Fluid flow modeling and optimizing heat transfer from a pin fin surface, with changing the fin density

Emran Nasiri¹, Mehran Khaki Jamei², Morteza Abbasi²

^1. MSc in Mechanical Engineering, Energy Conversion, Islamic Azad University, Sari Branch, Mazandaran, Iran

^2. Assistant Professor in Mechanical Engineering, Energy Conversion, Islamic Azad University, Sari Branch, Mazandaran, Iran

Abstract: This paper presents a computational study analyzes the performance and characteristics of thermal stability and resistance to air flow through a rectangular channel with pin fins, a circular shape with a smooth surface endothermic, by Staggered connection. The main purpose of these levels, increase heat transfer by increasing the surface. Fluid temperature and inlet pressure constant and uniform speed progressive, passes perpendicular to the fins. Three kinds of manufacturer named fin aluminum, nickel and steel fins have been used to study the effect of thermal conductivity material and heat transfer is assumed to be duales. In this article endothermic performance in the form of numerical, three-dimensional modeling software Catia and Ansys Fluent software is analyzed. Simulation models until they converge. The distance between the fins of the fin diameter along the direction of flow is concerned so that the distance fins along with steady steps. Turbulent flows with Reynolds number between 500 to 1100 using the finite volume method and SIMPLE algorithm and the model is solved. The results show that the heat transfer fins with any increase in density in the direction of flow is increased and the gap between the fins and fin increases heat transfer by reducing the pressure is high, but that depends on the Reynolds number. In this study we have shown that by changing the density of Huckleberry fin circular needle and sex selection and lowest pressure drop and heat transfer fin can be equipped.

[Emran Nasiri, Mehran Khaki Jamei, Morteza Abbasi. Fluid flow modeling and optimizing heat transfer from a pin fin surface, with changing the fin density. Nat Sci 2015;13(8):1-9]. (ISSN: 1545-0740). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 1

doi:10.7537/marsnys080815.01

Keywords: heat exchanger, cross-flow, turbulent flow, fin density, pressure drop

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The incidence of ventilator associated pneumonia with incomplete or complete adherence to bundle of prevention

Mahmoud G Montasser, Yasser MS Eita, Ayman S Mohamed, Abd Elbadee Ameen and Enas MA EL Shanawany

Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care; Faculty of Medicine, Al Azhar University, Egypt.

mahmoudgaballeh@yahoo.com

Abstract: Background: Ventilator-associated pneumonia is a very common nosocomial infection in intensive care units with subsequent increase in morbidity, mortality and cost. Aim of the work: To estimate the effect of strict compliance of VAP bundle on decreasing VAP rate per 1,000 ventilator days. Methodology: A prospective study was done in adult ICU at Al–HAYAT HOSPITAL, JEDDAH, KSA; between January 2013 and April 2015. During the period of January to March 2013, ICU staff nurses were educated and made aware about the use of ventilator bundle in helping to prevent this infection. One hundred sixty four patients with age ranged between (33-60) years old were intubated and ventilated for more than two days were suspected to have VAP. Cases were divided two groups; the first group included all patients admitted to ICU, intubated & ventilated for more than two days with incomplete compliance with VAP bundle (missed one or more components of VAP bundle), they were 84 patients. The second group included 80 patients with strict compliance of VAP prevention bundle. Patient (s) who expired within 48 hrs of admission, transferred to tertiary care unit within 48hrs, diagnosed with pulmonary embolism or had gastrointestinal bleeding prior to admission were excluded from this study. Results: there was no significant difference between cases with incomplete application or strict application of VAP bundle as regard to age, sex distribution or cause (s) of ICU. On the other hand, there was significant decrease VAP% in cases with strict application of VAP bundle (1.3%) when compared to patients with incomplete VAP bundle application (9.5%). In addition, the rate of VAP cases /1000 ventilator days was significantly decreased from 13.6/1000 (in cases with incomplete VAP bundle application) to 3.1/1000 (in cases with strict application of VAP bundle). Also, there was significant decrease as regard to the mean duration of ventilation; from 7±091 dayes (in cases with incomplete VAP bundle application) to 4±0.75 days (in cases with strict application of VAP bundle). In addition, the mean length of ICU stay was significantly shortened from 10.42±1.71 days (in cases with incomplete application of VAP bundle) to 7.25±1.08 days (in cases with strict application of VAP bundle). Finally ICU mortality was significantly reduced from 23.8% (in cases with incomplete VAP bundle application) to 7.5% (in cases with strict application of VAP bundle). Conclusion: The results of the study revealed efficacy of strict implementation of VAP prevention bundle in reducing incidence of VAP/1000 ventilator days, decreasing duration of ventilation, shortening length of stay and decreasing ICU mortality rate related to VAP. Thus, it is advocated to continue strict adherence to these bundle.

[Mahmoud G Montasser, Yasser MS Eita, Ayman S Mohamed, Abd Elbadee Ameen and Enas MA EL Shanawany. The incidence of ventilator associated pneumonia with incomplete or complete adherence to bundle of prevention. N Y Sci J 2015;8(8):10-14]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 2

doi:10.7537/marsnys080815.02

Keywords: ventilator associated pneumonia, Bundle; prevention

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Principle beliefs of Khawarij

Mahboubeh Alikahi Baadl

MSc in Quran and Hadith

baadl1394@gmail.com

Abstract: This article aims to explore and discuss ideas and thoughts Khawarij search using Nahjolbalaghe and historical books, the interpretation and validity have been conducted. The results show the Kharijites leadership did not agree with each other their opinions are considered blasphemy and extremism were enjoining good and forbidding wrong. The Khawarij were not initially certain beliefs in matters of faith and theological, but they only objected to the arbitration and that the religion of God cannot be put personal judgment. Of Imam Ali (PBUH) were isolated and ideas, but gradually his thoughts and ideas specific to their discipline and cohesion.

[Mahboubeh Alikahi Baadl. Principle beliefs of Khawarij. N Y Sci J 2015;8(8):15-21]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 3

doi:10.7537/marsnys080815.03

Keywords: Khawarij, arbitration, intellectual rigor

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Evaluation and Comparison of the Properties of Stream Of Consciousness in Fiction and Film Adaptation, Based on Jakobson Model (with a Focus on "Shazdeh Ehtedjab", "The Pear Tree" and "Gavkhouni")

Seyede Fatemeh Hejazi¹, Saeed Zolnourian², Mahmoud Azizi³

^1. M.A. in Art Research, School of Arts and Architecture, Islamic Azad University, Yazd Branch, Yazd, Iran

^2. PhD in Theatre and Cinematic Arts, Faculty Member, School of Cinema & Theatre, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

^3. MA in Dramatic Literature, Faculty Member, School of Arts & Architecture, Islamic Azad University of Shiraz, Shiraz, Iran

Abstract: In the current paper, the properties of stream of consciousness in literature and cinema are investigated. This investigation is done based on components of this method in literature and film adaptation. In this paper, giving a brief reference to three novels and films of "Shazdeh Ehtedjab", "The Pear Tree" and "Gavkhouni," data and documents are presented. Finally, the author who evaluated and contemplated over the existing findings in the two mentioned discourses using Jakobson's communicational model, has tried to integrate them. The purpose of this study is to link the theoretical principles of stream of consciousness together, while studying novels and their film adaptations. In order to achieve the objectives of this cross-sectional study, library materials were used and a field study was conducted. Using the findings of this study, we are able to achieve a relatively high similarity between properties of the stream of consciousness method in literature and cinema, which undergo some changes when appear in each medium.

[Seyede Fatemeh Hejazi, Saeed Zolnourian, Mahmoud Azizi. Evaluation and Comparison of the Properties of Stream Of Consciousness in Fiction and Film Adaptation, Based on Jakobson Model (with a Focus on "Shazdeh Ehtedjab", "The Pear Tree" and "Gavkhouni"). N Y Sci J 2015;8(8):22-29]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 4

doi:10.7537/marsnys080815.04

Keywords: stream of consciousness, literature and cinema, Roman Jakobson, Shazdeh Ehtedjab, The Pear Tree, Gavkhouni

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Study of civil liability for doctors and midwives at the entrance losses to the patient and parturient women

Neda Afrasiabi¹, Dr. Faysal Saeidi²

^1.  Department of Law, Persian Gulf International Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khorramshahr, Iran

^2.  Department of Law, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran

Abstract: medical is one of the major branches of science and has a lot of audience that is as old as human history and With the passage of time and advancement of technology and public health of people not only reduced the need for medical science, but the dependence of human beings to the medical community entered a new phase and is growing. So existence of detailed rules and regulations is indispensable. On the one hand, parturient must be have psychological security in referring the medical community in the treatment period and ensure of safe and proper treatment and on the other hand it is necessary that work and social security of doctors also to be regarded in the rules and regulations governing and So that the result of these two issues causes personal and social health of public. In October 1378 a conference was held in Tehran and as medicine and the judiciary. The last discussions of experts to propose and amend laws and in line with the best perform of these two goals were performed. And the concerns of the medical community, as well as jurisprudence and legal from new issues were discussed. Which can presented a great help for the promotion and development of medical and legal aspects of the issues. The aim is to clarify that the responsibility of the doctor and the midwife is subject to his proof fault or also goes beyond that?

[Neda Afrasiabi, Faysal Saeidi. Study of civil liability for doctors and midwives at the entrance losses to the patient and parturient women. N Y Sci J 2015;8(8):30-35]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 5

doi:10.7537/marsnys080815.05

Keywords: civil liability, liability, medical liability, responsibility of midwife, laws

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The Storm in Iran's Contemporary Literature (Modern Poetry), Poetry of Awareness, Storm in Nima's Concepts (Part II)

Hassan Rafiee

PhD student in the field of Orientalism, Iranology, Yerevan State University, Armenia

Abstract: The contemporary poetry finds its identity near the innovative structure to present conscious and deliberate meanings with its own mean of expression and language. This dynamicity, from classic to modern poetry, owes Nima's efforts. In some contemporary poems, the repetition of lines at the beginning and in the end of the poem makes a rotational structure for the poetry. It gives a special strength to the poem structure to instill a specific theory.  This repetition as a strong skeleton for repairing the musical context is resulted from the removal of musical side elements (rhyme and radif) and the formation of the poetic focus by making a stop at vertical intervals to strengthen the energy of audience's memory, to avoid the poem laxity, to emphasize and impose the poetic message as well as to reproduce and release the meaning in the poetry. Nima's poetry is combined with the creation of intelligence in the audience in a way that the audience understands that the poetry is still at the beginning by facing with the repeated first line at the end of the poem. Actually, this is his mind which reinforces the poem energy for proliferation of meaning. In the structure of Nima's poetry, the style of ending the poetry is a sign of freshness and modernity which is recorded in his name.

[Hassan Rafiee. The Storm in Iran's Contemporary Literature (Modern Poetry) Poetry of Awareness, Storm in Nima's Concepts (Part II). N Y Sci J 2015;8(8):36-44]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 6

doi:10.7537/marsnys080815.06

Keywords: Nima's poetry, structure, poetic focus, repetition, scene-setting in the poetry

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Analysis of customs offenses in the Penal Code of Iran

Taleb pour Moghadam ¹, Dr. Shapur Farhangpur ²

^1.  Department of Law, College Of Humanities, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, ahvaz, Iran

^2.  Department of Law, Bagmalek Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bagmalek, Iran

Abstract: Customs offenses as an example of economic crime (according to paragraph (b) of Article 109 and Article 36 of the Penal Code) could have a negative effect on a country's economy and security and peace of society that is the most important and most basic guarantee of growth and disrupt sustainable development.. As well as it could have the decreasing effect on investment, domestic production and employment. Committing these offenses may be due to the country's foreign trade policy, or misused by officials and employees of the Customs Department and sometimes even Customs laws or violations and abuses micro and macro criminals and opportunists, and even sometimes by people who intentionally commit a crime behind such legislation and intellectual actors. In this study, after the definition of customs and customs offenses, causes and history of customs offenses was stated. Iranian lawmaker performance in dealing with economic crime with a focus on customs offenses using library and electronic research studies was analyzed and evaluated and then criminal policy against the phenomenon of criminal violations of customs legislator was explained to the reader. To achieve this objective, while studying the laws of the country before and after the Islamic Revolution hypothesis in this project and about research and investigation was conducted. What was achieved in this study is the old formulation of the crimes and violations of customs laws in Iran, which is about one hundred years that legislator initially recorded content, and goods and trafficking items, however, after a decade, the detention lay alongside other penalties and the legislative approach has been most severe penalties. But in spite of the issue, using of institutions such as the suspension, commutation of sentence and release Provided evidence of legislator's short attention to teachings and criminological studies.

[Taleb pour Moghadam. Shapur Farhangpur. Analysis of customs offenses in the Penal Code of Iran. N Y Sci J 2015;8(8):45-48]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 7

doi:10.7537/marsnys080815.07

Keywords: Customs, customs offenses, economic crimes, the legislator

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Iran's foreign policy with Arabic regions during the presidency of Ahmadinejad with emphasis on Iraq

Saad Mansouri ¹, Dr. Rohallah Shahabi ²

^1.  Department of Political science, College of Humanities, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad university, Ahvaz, Iran

^2.  Department of Political science, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran

Abstract: Iran's foreign policy-driven security that all decisions, actions and behavior can be explained in terms of national security and analyzed. The main objective of the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic's survival in the international system is anarchic. Survival or the national security of the Islamic Republic as well as territorial integrity, political independence and freedom of action in the international system are defined and followed. In addition to the issue of Iran's policy process is hierarchical and based on a certain ideology and preset functions, such as interest-based Islamic and anti-imperialist ideals of the Islamic Revolution in the principles are inviolable. lasting peace in the world are considered. Rejection of domination and emphasize the international system free from domination of arrogant powers and denial of aggression and crimes and injustices and abuses great power, discourse Ahmadinejad's foreign policy is to achieve justice. In general, the foreign policy of Iran during Ahmadinejad's Arabic countries considered in two parts, one in the Arabic countries of the Persian Gulf and Egypt and the other called from Iraq. However, the foreign policy of the two parts of the same principles of common elements, but the cause is two different approaches.

[Saad Mansouri, Rohallah Shahabi. Iran's foreign policy with Arabic regions during the presidency of Ahmadinejad with emphasis on Iraq. N Y Sci J 2015;8(8):49-54]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 8

doi:10.7537/marsnys080815.08

Keywords: foreign policy, ideology, Shia, Iraq, Ahmadinejad

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Variability in the Geophysical Properties of Three Termitaria in Lagos, Nigeria

Olowofoyeku, Adeoye Moses PhD, Aletan Ajumobi Owolabi

Department of Civil Engineering, Yaba College of Technology, Lagos, Nigeria

Abstract: The geophysical properties of three inhabited termite mounds in different locations of Lagos (Yaba, Festac and Ayobo) was studied in this paper. The Sieve analysis, Atterberg Limits (Liquid, Plastic and Shrinkage limits), shear strength, California bearing ratio, and Specific gravity are the geotechnical tests performed on each soil sample. Simple physical tests based on colour and texture of samples was also carried out. Chemical properties such as the metallic content, pH, organic carbon (OC), organic matter (OM) etc. were also examined. The results showed that the geotechnical, physical and chemical properties of termitaria varied from one location to another.

[Olowofoyeku, Adeoye Moses, Aletan Ajumobi Owolabi. Variability in the Geophysical Properties of Three Termitaria in Lagos, Nigeria. N Y Sci J 2015;8(8):55-58]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 9

doi:10.7537/marsnys080815.09

Keywords: geotechnical properties, physical properties, chemical properties, termitaria, location

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Ambulance Management System using GUI MATLAB

Taha Darwassh Hanawy Hussein ¹, Hakan Maraş ²

¹Department of Computer Engineering University of Çankaya, Turkey

taha_hanawy@yahoo.com

²Department of Computer Engineering University of Çankaya, Turkey

hhmaras@cankaya.edu.tr

Abstract: An efficient emergency ambulance service must be provided in order to reach injured persons and transport them to the nearest hospital as rapidly as possible. To do so, the ambulance driver must select the shortest road network to reach the accident site, followed by the shortest path to the nearest hospital. Over the last few decades, a variety of different GIS-based systems have been developed to aid in the selection of such a path. This paper aims to introduce an ambulance management system (AMS) to the city of Kirkuk, Iraq. A MATLAB graphical user interface (GUI) is used as a platform with which to manage a transportation path on the map by calculating all possible paths between accident and ambulance, and between accident and hospital. The shortest overall path can then be selected based on the obtained map coordinates.

[Taha Darwassh Hanawy Hussein, Hakan Maraş. Ambulance Management System using GUI MATLAB. N Y Sci J 2015;8(8):59-68]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 10

doi:10.7537/marsnys080815.10

Keywords: Ambulance Management System (AMS), GPS, GSM, MATLAB GUI.

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Pesticide Scenario of India with particular reference to Madhya Pradesh: A review

Khanday Arshid Ahmad * Dwivedi H.S. ** and Dwivedi P. * *

*Research Scholar, Deptt. of Botany, Govt. M. V. M, Ujjain.

**Professors, Deptt. of Botany, Govt. M. V. M, Ujjain.

E-mail: garshidkhanday@gmail.com

Abstract: In the agricultural areas of the world, there is an increasing concern about the effects of widespread use of pesticides. Since there is no certain demarcation to show whether they ultimately are productive or harmful, the present review discusses the different aspects of chemical pesticides in Indian agriculture with particular reference to Madhya Pradesh. The review provides a brief history of pesticides, the benefits, hazards and the persistence potential of these chemicals. Present scenario of their use and importance in attaining self sufficiency in cereal grain yield is also discussed. In addition to all this, the regulatory framework that functions to keep a check on use of banned chemicals and to approve and regulate the supply of viable products has also been evaluated. The inclination of Indian agriculturalists towards the use of ecologically favorable techniques like the use of IPM is also documented. The review suggests conceptualization of ill effects of the overuse of pesticides within the farmer community as the main weapon to bring down the application of chemical pesticides. Economical availability of efficient sprayers, graduated containers, regular field checkups and promotion of IPM also among marginal farmers will help minimize the effects on non target organisms. Also we need to provide water proof clothing with resistant masks and gloves for applicators and in case of emergency antidotes. Focus should be on species specific non resistant pesticides with minimum half life so that soil integrity is also maintained.

[Khanday Arshid Ahmad, Dwivedi H.S. and Dwivedi P. Pesticide Scenario of India with particular reference to Madhya Pradesh: A review. N Y Sci J 2015;8(8):69-76]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 11

doi:10.7537/marsnys080815.11

Key words: Pesticide; Agriculture; Ecology; Hazards; Integrated pest management

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‘Sabha’ Ritual: Cultural Heritage of Shaukas of Rang Society of Chaudas Valley and its Importance Status of Rang Society in Uttarakhand

Rakesh Singh Phakaliyal

Department of History, Kumaun University, Soban Singh Jeena Campus, Almora

Abstract: The tribes of Dahrachula tehsil of Pithoragarh District of Uttarakhand are known as Shaukas and rang is a society of the Shaukas. This tribe primarily habitat at 7000ft to 12000ft altitude of hilly region of Dharchula tehsil of Pithoragrh district, Uttrakahand. Pithoragarh is a border district for two countries Tibet and Nepal. The entire region is situated between the two major rivers of the region called Kali and Dhauli. These tribes more commonly known as Rang tribes are inhabitants of the three valleys namely Darma, Vyas and Chaudas. The tribals of Darma, Vyas and Chaudas are also called Darmani, Vyakhopa and Bangbani respectively. They all have similar food habits, life style, tradition and dresses. The tradition like Sabha ritual is a common in all these three valleys. However, these have different names in the three valleys. In Darma valley it is called Mundan, Vyas valley it is called Badani and in Chaudas valley it is called Sabha.

[Rakesh Singh Phakaliyal. ‘Sabha’ Ritual: Cultural Heritage of Shaukas of Rang Society of Chaudas Valley and its Importance Status of Rang Society in Uttarakhand. N Y Sci J 2015;8(8):77-81]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 12

doi:10.7537/marsnys080815.12

Keywords: ‘Sabha’ Ritual; Cultural Heritage; Shaukas; Rang Society; Chaudas Valley; Uttarakhand

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Integrated Geophysical Survey For Pre-Foundation Study At A Proposed School Site In Ibadan, Southwestern Nigeria

Olatunde Isaiah Popoola and Sanmi Olanrewaju Odeyemi

Department of Physics, University of Ibadan, Nigeria.

Abstract: Structural failure could result from laying the foundation of a building without proper consideration of the load bearing capacity of the subsurface soil strata. Hence the need for quality and reliable site characterization becomes increasingly important for public and private buildings. The aim of this work was to use integrated geophysical method to investigate the competence of the subsurface layers and homogeneity of the soil strata at the proposed site of a Model School at Bashorun area Ibadan, South-western Nigeria. Very Low Frequency Electromagnetic (VLF-EM) profiling, Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) and soil particle size analysis were conducted. Five VLF traverses were conducted to determine appropriate locations for VES. A total of nine VES stations were established. Top soil samples excavated were subjected to particle size analysis to determine the composition of soil constituents. The VLF-EM anomalies identified shallow conductive zones and predominantly stable zones in the site. The geoelectric sections delineated two to three subsurface layers: top soil which was mainly sand and clayey sand, weathered layer which comprised sand and gravel and the resistive basement which was a rocky basement. Particle size analysis indicated high percentage of sandy soil in all the samples. The sand material and rocky sand indicated high load bearing capacity suitable for shallow foundation.

[Olatunde Isaiah Popoola and Sanmi Olanrewaju Odeyemi. Integrated Geophysical Survey For Pre-Foundation Study At A Proposed School Site In Ibadan, Southwestern Nigeria. N Y Sci J 2015;8(8):82-92]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 13

doi:10.7537/marsnys080815.13

Key words: VLF-EM, VES, soil particle analysis, pre-foundation study

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Consumption and Utilization of Food by Different Instars of Oak Tasar worm Antheraea proylei (jolly) Fed on Quercus serreta (Thunb) Leaves

Pashupati Nath¹ and P.C. Joshi²

^{1, 2}Dept. of Zoology & Environmental Science, Gurukula Kangri Vishwavidyalaya, Haridwar, 7398864034¹, 9837062992²

¹nathpashupati53@gmail.com, ²prakash127@yahoo.com

Abstract: During this study the ecological efficiencies of Antheraea proylei (Jolly) was studied in the laboratory. Total duration of instar stages is 4.80±0.418, 4.00±Nil, 4.80±0.418, 8.00±Nil, 11.46±1.12 days for 1st, 2^nd, 3^rd, 4^th and 5^th larval instars, respectively. The food consumption was 0.612±0.33, 1.05±0.155, 1.405±0.2383.212±0.789and 5.923±1.38 g insect^-1 day^-1 in 1^st, 2^nd, 3^rd, 4^th and 5^th larval instars, respectively. In all five stages leaf assimilation was 0.600±0.33, 1.03±0.154 1.329±0.2270, 2.88±0.800, and 5.066±1.26 g insect^-1 day^-1, respectively. The tissue growth was 0.0112±0.002, 0.053±0.072, 0.213±0.068, 0.359±0.21 and 0.536±0.20 g insect^-1 day^-1 in all respective stages. The maximum value (97.518±0.476) of approximate digestibility was recorded for 2^nd instar larvae, while the minimum value (85.726±0.286) was recorded for fifth instar larvae. The value of ECD was minimum (1.899±0.99) in 1^st instar and maximum (16.126±1.320) for 3^rd instar larvae. The minimum value (1.863±0.97) of ECI was recorded in 1^st instar larvae, while maximum value (15.243±1.09) was recorded in 3^rd instar larvae.

[Pashupati Nath and P.C. Joshi. Consumption and Utilization of Food by Different Instars of Oak Tasar worm Antheraea proylei (jolly) Fed on Quercus serreta (Thunb) Leaves. N Y Sci J 2015;8(8):93-97]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 14

doi:10.7537/marsnys080815.14

Keywords: Antheraea proylei; Q. serreta, Consumption; Approximate digestibility; Conversion of ingested food; Conversion of digested food.

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The effect of aerobic exercise on hepatotoxicity induced by intratracheal instillation of iron oxide nanoparticles in Wistar rats

Azadeh Vasili1^*, Gholamreza Sharifi², Mohammad Faramarzi³, Ali Noori⁴, Shora Yazdanshenas⁵.

¹Department of Exercise Physiology, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran,

²Department of Exercise Physiology, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran, ³Department of Exercise Physiology, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran, ⁴Department of Biology, Falavarjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran, ⁵Department of Microbiology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

Fax: (+98311) 2658569

E-mail: vasili.mgh@gmail.com

Abstract: Iron oxide nanoparticles are significant due to their unique physicochemical properties and environmental characteristics. They are found as ultrafine particles in ambient air. After inhalation, these particles move from the lung to phagocytosis tissues, especially the liver. The present study investigates the effect of concurrent aerobic exercise and iron oxide nanoparticles on liver enzymes; alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and histological hepatic appearance. 48 Wistar rats were randomly divided into six equal groups: experimental 1 (aerobic exercise), experimental 2 (nanoparticle, anesthesia), experimental 3 (aerobic exercise, nanoparticles, anesthesia), placebo 4 (distilled water, anesthesia), placebo 5 (aerobic exercise, anesthesia), and control group. In groups 2 and 3, 40mg/kg_bw iron oxide nanoparticles were injected via intratracheal installation every other day for 14 days. Groups 1, 3, and 4 ran on a treadmill 30 minutes every day with the intensity of 35%-40%V_O2max (maximal oxygen consumption). ALT increased in group 1 but decreased in groups 2 and 3, AST was not significant in any of the groups, and ALP reduced significantly in groups 2 and 3 (P<0.05). Histological examination of the liver showed that, in groups 2 and 3, hepatic cells were damaged and congestion, inflammation, mononuclear cell infiltration, and ballooning degeneration occurred. Tissue injuries in group 3 were less than group 2. These findings indicate that hepatotoxicity is caused by iron oxide nanoparticles; however, low-intensity aerobic exercise can decrease the damage somewhat.

[Azadeh Vasili1, Gholamreza Sharifi, Mohammad Faramarzi, Ali Noori, Shora Yazdanshenas. The effect of aerobic exercise on hepatotoxicity induced by intratracheal instillation of iron oxide nanoparticles in Wistar rats. N Y Sci J 2015;8(8):98-102]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 15

Keywords: aerobic exercise; intratracheal instillation; iron oxide nanoparticles; hepatotoxicity; ultrafine particles

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