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A Swot Analysis Of Pilgrimage Tourism In Haridwar City With Special Reference To Kanwar Mela

Vijay Sharma¹ and B. D. Joshi²

¹Department of Environmental Science, Dev Sanskriti Vishwavidyalaya, Haridwar

²Department of Zoology & Environmental Sciences, Gurukula Kangri Vishwavidyalaya, Haridwar

vijaysharma_mediplants@yahoo.com

Abstract: The present study was carried out during Kanwar Mela 2013 to assess the present status and future possibilities of pilgrims Tourism in Haridwar city. The present study is to analyse all the possible impacts of Kanwar Mela and to provide some remedial measures in management of all other religio-touristic activities. During the Kanwar Mela, the Pilgrimage Tourism industry generates a remarkable assets to the city and locals. But The Pilgrimage Tourism also shows negative impacts on socio-cultural aspects and environmental scenario. Increase in crimes, road rages, road accidents, water borne diseases, environmental pollution, high pricing of commodities are some important negative impacts, which are being observed in Haridwar city. The findings of the present study, are to establish Pilgrimage Tourism in the form of Eco-Tourism through managing all negative impacts of Kanwar Mela.

[Vijay Sharma and B. D. Joshi. A Swot Analysis Of Pilgrimage Tourism In Haridwar City With Special Reference To Kanwar Mela. N Y Sci J 2014;7(10):1-3]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 1. doi:10.7537/marsnys071014.01

Keywords: Pilgrimage Tourism, Haridwar City, Special Reference, Kanwar Mela.

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Ethical Priorities of Managing Human Resources in Fahameh Engineering – Industrial Corporation

Poria Azizinezhad

Department of Executive Management, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qazvin, Iran

Abstract: Problems such as lack of motivation among the staff, bribery or financial corruption etc, are all symptoms of poor ethics among the staff or lack thereof and more importantly, frail role of human resource management in the organization. Economic justice, transparency, discrimination, security and labor rights are all ethical subjects discussed regarding human resource management. Increased pressure in the workplace and rise in ethical problems in organizations have reformed the discussion of human resource management with an ethical approach and demand more and more attention from business managers and more specifically, human resource managers, since the most basic level of ethical improvement in an organization lies within the management of human resources. The goal of this paper, besides the study and recognition of ethical aspects of work and the human resources department, is to prioritize the standards for the management of human resources in the Fahameh Engineering Corporation with the approach of preventing ethical problems; and to reach this goal we have utilized the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and the DEMATEL method and the priorities have been set according to the views of four expert and experienced managers. Results of the AHP and DEMATEL methods suggest that “labor rights” and “preventing discrimination and pulling strings”, “labor rights” and “job security and safety of records” have the highest priorities for ethical management of human resources in the Fahameh Corporation, respectively.

[Azizinezhad P. Ethical Priorities of Managing Human Resources in Fahameh Engineering – Industrial Corporation. N Y Sci J 2014;7(10):4-8]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 2. doi:10.7537/marsnys071014.02

Keywords: Corporation ethics, ethical standards, human resources management, Analytic Hierarchy Process, DEMATEL method.

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A TOPSIS Method to Evaluate Different Types of Power Plants in IRAN with Overview of the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM)

Mina Mehdizadeh

Department of Executive Management, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qazvin, Iran

Abstract: This paper aims to evaluate the most important factors in different types of power plants in order to identify the best option. Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) is used to perform the evaluation. The paper establishes the evaluation criteria from functional, performance, economic and also political aspect and international law and protection. TOPSIS method is proposed to ideal with linguistic evaluation information. Since the final ranking is the collective result, the bias in each single pre-ranking is eliminated & the selection is more objective and accurate. The data and below sample show the proposed model. The most dominant power plant proved to be natural gas power which ranked in the first place among 4 options. The research is helpful to evaluate the different alternatives.

[Mehdizadeh M. A TOPSIS Method to Evaluate Different Types of Power Plants in IRAN with Overview of the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM). N Y Sci J 2014;7(10):9-17]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 3. doi:10.7537/marsnys071014.03

Keywords: Gas Turbine, Power Plant, Combined Cycle, Steam, Diesel, CDM.

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Evaluation of factors of customer satisfaction in banks in Iran using DEMATEL method

Farnoosh chavoshi moghadamand

Department of Executive Management, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qazvin, Iran

Abstract: The customer satisfaction is a newer approach than the quality in economic institutions, organizations and also creating a management and customer focused culture. Measurement customers’ satisfaction shows a quick, significant and objective feedback about customer expectations and priorities. Thus the performance of organizations in relation to collection of satisfaction’s dimensions should be evaluated that shows the strength and weak points of an organization. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the factors of customer satisfaction in banks in Iran using DEMATEL method that the customer satisfaction factors have been identified as the reference points for experts.

[chavoshi moghadamand F. Evaluation of factors of customer satisfaction in banks in Iran using DEMATEL method. N Y Sci J 2014;7(10):18-23]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 4. doi:10.7537/marsnys071014.04

Keywords:  Banking, Customer satisfaction, DEMATEL

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Selection process of human resource managers in government units using AHP method

Majid Taheri

Department of Executive Management, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qazvin, Iran

Abstract: Human resource management is a function in organizations designed to maximize employee performance in service of their employer’s strategic objectives. Human resource management is primarily concerned with how people are managed within organizations, focusing on policies and systems. The aims this paper is Selection process of human resource managers in government units using AHP method. From the AHP results, we can understand that most important effective factor on Selection of human resource managers in government units is Personality. Moreover, the less important effective factor is Technical skill.

[Taheri M. Selection process of human resource managers in government units using AHP method. N Y Sci J 2014;7(10):24-27]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 5. doi:10.7537/marsnys071014.05

Keywords: human resource managers, government units, AHP method.

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Evaluation success of knowledge management in supply chain using fuzzy DEMATEL method

Ali Javidi

Department of Executive Management, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qazvin, Iran

Abstract: Knowledge management has a relatively short history since it is a new discipline. It has been developed as a conscious discipline by means of the published works of the academics and pioneers. The aim of this paper is Evaluation success of knowledge management in supply chain using fuzzy DEMATEL method. We can observe general clusters into cause and effect groups. Generally the criteria that are part of the effect cluster include 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14; the cause cluster includes 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24 and 25.The causal relationships among criteria can be depicted as the causal diagram (Fig. 1).this figure is shown that Willingness and Attitude is the most influence and the strongest connection to other criteria. This prominent advantage can be considered as one of the contribution of this paper. This proposed approach demonstrated with empirical case of an Iran Khodro Industrial Group (IKCO.CO) & SAPCO (Supplying Automotive Parts Company of Iran Khodro) in Iran.

[Javidi A. Evaluation success of knowledge management in supply chain using fuzzy DEMATEL method. N Y Sci J 2014;7(10):28-32]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 6. doi:10.7537/marsnys071014.06

. 

Keywords: Knowledge management, Supply chain, Fuzzy DEMATEL

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Chemical speciation of selected heavy metals in surface water samples from Mpenge stream in Musanze district, Rwanda.

J.B Sibomana¹, Phenias Nsabimana²

¹Department of Chemistry, Kigali Campus, College of Science and Technology, University of Rwanda

²Department of food chemistry, Kigali Campus, College of Agriculture, Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine

Siboja2000@yahoo.fr

Higher Institute Of Agriculture And Animal Husbandry, Rwanda/Isae-Busogo

Abstract: Surface water samples were collected from Mpenge spring in Musanze District, Rwanda. Many people in the District drink untreated natural water from underground water aquifer that flows through volcanic rocks suspected to contain heavy metals. In order to contribute to a better understanding of the quality of water that the population consume, a speciation study on the levels of Zinc, Copper, Cobalt, Chromium, Nickel, Lead, and Cadmium was carried out. The heavy metals bound to suspended solids were concentrated using membrane filtration technique. A packed column with Amberlite XAD-16 resin was then used to separate the free heavy metals from those bound to organic matter in the filtrate. The levels of heavy metals were determined with a Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The heavy metals were found in free form, form bound to suspended particles, form bound to soluble organic matter, and were ranged from 0.01 to 0.28mg/L for the total levels. The detection limit for analyzed metals was 0.01m/L. Mean recoveries were high (90-100%) for Zn, Cu, Cd, Cr, and Co, while those for lead and nickel were low (32%- 46%). Generally all the water samples had levels of free heavy metals below the set WHO values implying that the water was safe for human consumption.

[J.B Sibomana, Phenias Nsabimana. Chemical speciation of selected heavy metals in surface water samples from Mpenge stream in Musanze district, Rwanda. N Y Sci J 2014;7(10):33-37]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 7. doi:10.7537/marsnys071014.07

Keywords: Speciation, heavy metal, membrane filtration, a packed column, amberlite XAD-16 resin, Flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer.

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An Ultrasound-Based Fetal Weight Reference for Twins

Aijaz Bhurgri¹, Saira Dars², Naheed Akhter²

¹Department of Radiology, Isra University Hospital, Hyderabad, Sindh, Pakistan.

²Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Liaquat University Hospital, Sindh, Pakistan

Abstract: Background & Objective: The aim of the present study was to establish longitudinal reference ranges for A Fetal Weight Reference for Twins Based on Ultrasound Measurements. Methods: Two hundred uncomplicated twin pregnancies before 21 weeks of gestation were conscript for the present study. Ultrasound scans were performed every three weeks; likely fetal weight, biparietal/occipitofrontal diameter, head circumference/abdominal circumference, and femur diaphysis length/abdominal circumference ratios were also calculated. Results: Fetal growth was found to follow an S-shaped pattern over the course of pregnancy, with accelerated growth in the second trimester, and a slowing of growth in the third trimester. Female fetuses were lighter than male fetuses over the course of pregnancy, as expected, although females showed catch-up growth closer to term. Monochorionic twins remained lighter than dichorionic twins throughout pregnancy. Conclusion: Fetal weights predicted for each week of gestational age from our study agreed well with those from other studies conducted in twins. Also, as expected, fetal weights in this population were consistently lower than those published for singletons.

[Aijaz Bhurgri, Saira Dars, Naheed Akhter. An Ultrasound-Based Fetal Weight Reference for Twins. N Y Sci J 2014;7(10):38-42]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 8. doi:10.7537/marsnys071014.08

Keywords: Twins, Pregnancy, Ultrasonography, Reference Values

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Investigating causes of delay in construction projects and presenting a solution

(Case study of northwest projects of Iran)

Houshang Khalafizadeh¹*, Ramin Tabatabaei Mirhosseini², Omid Tayari²

¹ M. Sc. Student, Construction Engineering and Management Department,  Islamic Azad University Science and Research, Kerman branch, Kerman, Iran.

² Assistant Professor, Civil Engineering Department, Islamic Azad University, Kerman Branch, Kerman – Iran.

*Corresponding author: Houshang Khalafizadeh

Abstract: The objective of this study was to investigate causes of delay in construction projects of northwest of Iran. Construction projects play a major role in economic and social development of a society. In Iran, enormous budgets are annually allocated to construction projects; however, most of them face delay during the execution. In this study, after studying and investigating some of water and soil projects in Ardebil Province, qualitative and quantitative causes of delay in the projects were evaluated. During this study, qualitative and quantitative factors related to regulations, employers, consultants and contractors were investigated. After analyzing these factors, it was determined that factors related to employer had the most fundamental role in execution delay of Emarat dam construction project. Factors relating to executor were also major causes of construction delay in project of covering leaking points of main canal and canal A in Dasht-e Moghan. The most important qualitative causes affecting both projects included credit deficiency and lack of allocating and approving the required credit at appropriate time. By identifying causes of project delay, suitable solutions can be adopted and duration of project construction can be shortened. Also, by correct time employment, various resources can be optimally exploited during execution of projects.

[Houshang Khalafizadeh, Ramin Tabatabaei Mirhosseini, Omid Tayari. Investigating causes of delay in construction projects and presenting a solution (Case study of northwest projects of Iran). N Y Sci J 2014;7(10):43-47]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 9. doi:10.7537/marsnys071014.09

Keywords: Project management, Project scheduling, delays, causes of delay, water projects.

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Physical elicitation of Dillenia indica callus for production of secondary metabolites

Abd El-Kadder E.M.¹, Lashin I.I.²*, Aref M.S.², Hussian E.A.² and Ewais E.A.²

^1. Timber Trees Research Department, Horticulture Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Egypt

^2. Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt

*lashnislam@yahoo.com

Abstract: Plant tissue culture technique combined with elicitors is required to produce plant in vitro secondary metabolites. The effect of some physical elicitors on the production of some secondary metabolites from callus cultures of Dillenia indica was investigated. Elicitors including two ultraviolet irradiation powers (15 and 30 watt) for two times (1 and 2 hours), two microwave radiation powers (100 and 200 watt) for two times (10 and 20 sec) and six light incubation conditions (dark, 3000 lux of white light, green, blue and red light). Using Clorox at 15% (v/v) for 15 min recorded the highest significant decontamination percentage. Subjection leaf disc explants to 2.0 mg/L NAA + 2.0 mg/L BAP resulted in the highest callus formation. Callus cultured on medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/L 2,4-D produced the highest significant callus fresh weight (3.085 g). The highest significant fresh weights (5.96 and 5.58 g) were obtained when callus culture was irradiated with ultraviolet at 30 watts for one hour, and callus incubated under green light, respectively while the lowest significant fresh weight (2.318 g) was detected when callus culture was incubated under full darkness. The highest phenolic compounds content (231.158 mg/100g f.w) was estimated in callus treated with 200 watts of microwave irradiations for 20 seconds. The highest significant flavonoid content (ranging from 840.833 to 1071.667 mg/100g fresh weight) could be detected in callus treated with 200 watts of microwave irradiation for 10 sec, and all ultraviolet irradiation treatments. The highest significant antioxidant activity (98.98 %) was obtained from extract of fruits. There was no significant difference among all elicitation treatments except that of UV at 15 watt for 1 hr which recorded less significant antioxidant activity.

[Abd El-Kadder EM, Lashin II, Aref MS, Hussian EA and Ewais EA. Physical elicitation of Dillenia indica callus for production of secondary metabolites. N Y Sci J 2014;7(10):48-57]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 10. doi:10.7537/marsnys071014.10

Keywords: Dillenia indica; Physical elicitation; Callus culture; Secondary metabolites

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Comparing The Two Types of Tooth Used for The Overdentures With (cusped and cuspless tooth) On Bone Straction Srrounding Implant

¹Ahmed Mohammed Atito and ²Ali Kamil

¹ Faculty of Dental Medicine, Al-Azher University, Egypt.

² Faculty of Dental Medicine, Almansoura University, Egypt.

ahmedatito69@yahoo.com

Abstract: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of cusp and cusp less teeth supported by immediate implant in mandible immediately after the hapless tooth extracted. prospectively survival and success rates of implants placed in the interforaminal area of edentulous mandibles and immediately loaded with an implant-supported over denture bone level measurement at insertion the overdenture, after 6 m,after12m,after24m,after36m from the result, the overdentures with cuspless teeth low bone loss than the overdentures with cusp.

[Ahmed Mohammed Atito and Ali Kamil. Comparing The Two Types Of Tooth Used For The Overdentures With (cusped and cuspless tooth) On Bone Straction Srrounding Implant. N Y Sci J 2014;7(10):58-62]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 11. doi:10.7537/marsnys071014.11

Key words: Cusped, cuspless tooth, bony

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Health Care at a Crossroads in Bangladesh

Md. Anwarul Azim Majumder

Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK.

a.a.majumder@bradford.ac.uk

Abstract: Though Bangladesh has made tremendous strides forward in health and other socio-economic indicators in the recent past, basic needs of health still remain largely unmet and only less than half of the population has access to basic healthcare. The health spending is far below the optimum level which is needed to scale up essential health intervention. Bangladesh is also experiencing a critical and chronic shortage and imbalance of skill mix and deployment of health workforce. The important achievements in health indicators include life expectancy, infant mortality, and vaccinations. However, overall burden of mortality and morbidity in most of the key health indicators is higher compared to other regional countries. Despite remarkable progress, except child mortality, targets are not expected to be met by 2015 if the prevailing trends persist in several areas. Major reforms are needed in health and medical education to ensure quality healthcare for the population of Bangladesh.

[Majumder MAA. Health Care at a Crossroads in Bangladesh. N Y Sci J 2014;7(10):63-67]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 12. doi:10.7537/marsnys071014.12

Keywords: health expenditure, health indicators, health workforce, MDGs, Bangladesh

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The Effect Of Climate Change On The Communities Of Ogbaru Wetland Of South West Anambra State, Nigeria

EzenwajiE.E.¹and Orji M.U.² EneteC.I.¹ and Ahiadu, H. O.¹

¹Department of Geography and Meteorology, NnamdiAzikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria.

²Department of Applied Microbiology and Brewing, NnamdiAzikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria.

Abstract: The aim of this study was to examine the effects of climate change on the livelihood of the inhabitants of the communities in Ogbaru wetland of Anambra State, Nigeria. A total of 300 questionnaires dealing on the effects of climate change in the 16 communities of the area were designed and served on the inhabitants through stratified sampling technique for 3 months May – July 2011. Also 40 years meteorological data on temperature, rainfall and relative humidity of the area were sourced from NIMET synoptic station in the area. Data were analysed with the use of Multiple Regression Techniqueto ascertain the collective contributions of the meteorological elements to climate change in the area. Furthermore, cluster analysis was employed to agglomerate the 16 communities into defined groups. Result shows that the three meteorological elements namely Temperature, Rainfall and Relative Humidity, altogether contributed 43% to the overall variation in climate change of the wetland while cluster analysis grouped the 16 communities into three, according to the degree of the impact of climate change on them. Measures aimed at adapting to the adverse impact of the change such as creation of earth dams around the farms, use of markings on walls to gauge the flood height of previous years, employing adequate construction techniques in road construction in the area etc. were discussed.

[EzenwajiE.E. and Orji M.U. EneteC.I. and Ahiadu, H. O. The Effect Of Climate Change On The Communities Of Ogbaru Wetland Of South West Anambra State, Nigeria. N Y Sci J 2014;7(10):68-74]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 13. doi:10.7537/marsnys071014.13

Keywords: Climate, NIMET, agglomerate, meteorological, variation, synoptic

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A Multi Level Zone Based Congestion Control Mechanism for Multicast Routing in MANETS

A.Mallaiah^{1 ,} P. Imran khan²

¹Associate Professor, Dept.of ECE, Gudlavalleru Engineering College, Gudlavalleru, INDIA

²M. Tech (DECS), Dept. of ECE, Gudlavalleru Engineering College, Gudlavalleru, INDIA

Abstract: In this paper A MLZBCC mechanism overcrowding discovery method is projected. The prepared model intends to allocate an energy efficient mechanism to compute the amount of blockage at casualty node with maximal accuracy. This congestion detection equipment is incorporated with a Two Step Multi degree area established Congestion Control Routing Protocol. The proposed model entails controlling of blockage in two steps with successful energy capable blocking detection and optimum utilization of resources. Packet loss in network routing is mainly due to link failure and blockage. A lot of the present congestion control options would not possess the capability to distinguish between packet loss because of link collapse and packet loss as a result of congestion. As a consequence these remedy objective towards activity against packet drop because of link malfunction which is an effort and may merchandise in loss of resources. The other perimeter in most of the accessible option is the use of power and resources to discover blockage state, measure of congestion and alarm the origin node about blocking in routing route. Here within this paper we suggest multiple apparatus model of congestion recognition an control apparatus that include energy-efficient congestion detection, Area level Congestion Analysis Algorithm [ZCEA] and Zone level Egress Regularization Algorithm [ZERA], that's a ordered Multiple mechanism based preventing detection and control model in short we send this process as CDC-CPF(Congestion Detection and organize with Control Plane Features). This document is reinforced by the investigational and simulation results demonstrate that better shop utilization, energy-efficiency in congestion control and congestion detection is achievable by the proposed method.

[A. Mallaiah, P. Imran khan. A Multi Level Zone Based Congestion Control Mechanism for Multicast Routing in MANETS. N Y Sci J 2014;7(10):75-83]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 14. doi:10.7537/marsnys071014.14

Keywords: Ad-hoc networks, multiple-mechanism design, optimization, random access, wireless networks

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An Overview of Poplar Based Agroforestry Systems in India

Nasir Rashid Wani

Faculty of Forestry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir,Shalimar (J & K) India

nasirwani2012@gmail.com

Abstract: There is increasing gap between demand and supply of forest products leading to great pressure on natural forests. To reduce this gap, there is need to expand the land under tree cover by way of plantations and other afforestation works. But the horizontal expansion of land under tree cover is not possible. In such situations agroforestry is one of the viable options to increase the area under tree cover. There are many sustainable agroforestry systems in vogue in many parts of the world. Poplar based agroforestry system in northern parts of our country is one among them having great role in the socio-economic life of people. Globally, 91 per cent of poplars grow in natural forests, 6 per cent in plantations and remaining 3 per cent in agroforestry systems. China (73%) and India (49%) are the major countries having higher planted area of poplars. In India the poplar based agroforestry systems are found in Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, U P, Punjab, Haryana, Sikkim and Arunachal Pradesh. The features of poplar useful for agroforestry include fast growth (20-25 m³/ha/yr), straight clean bole, deciduous nature, multiple uses, soil enriching property, its compatibility with agricultural crops and high economic returns. It is highly water use efficient perennial component having high CO₂ exchange rate. The poplars are commonly propagated by cuttings having dimensions of 22 cm length and 1-3 cm diameter.

[Nasir Rashid Wani. An Overview of Poplar Based Agroforestry Systems in India. N Y Sci J 2014;7(10):84-90]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 15. doi:10.7537/marsnys071014.15

Key Words: Afforestation; Agroforestry; Poplar

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Rate Of Color Change In The Skin Of Common Carp, Cyprinus Carpio As A Background Adaptation

Roohi Gulzar, Aadil Yaqoob* & Ajai K Jain

Pigment Cell Biology Unit, School of Studies in Zoology, Jiwaji University, Gwalior-474011, India

Email: syedaadil99@gmail.com; Phone: +919419357003

Abstract: The background adaptation of the common carp, Cyprinus carpio was studied by subjecting the fish to two different backgrounds, white and black. The fish showed a light brownish tint when adapted to their maximum to a white background while as the black- adapted fish were not easily distinguished from their dark background. The examination of rates of paling and darkening in the normal fish as a result of white and black- background adaptation furnish evidence of the existence of a relatively rapid type of chromatic behaviour co-ordinated by both the nervous as well as the hormonal agencies co-existing in the regulatory organization of the melanophore activities responsible for the chromomotor colour changes in the fish. The initial faster chromatic response in either of the backgrounds clearly suggests a nervous co-ordination responsible for initiation of the chromatic response. The subsequent prolonged phase of a slow and gradual nature points to a hormonal mechanism operating simultaneously in this fish.

[Roohi Gulzar, Aadil Yaqoob  & Ajai K Jain. Rate Of Color Change In The Skin Of Common Carp, Cyprinus Carpio As A Background Adaptation. N Y Sci J 2014;7(10):91-96]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 16. doi:10.7537/marsnys071014.16

Keywords: colour change, background adaptation, chromatophore, Cyprinus carpio.

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Expected Time To Developing Work-Related Hazard In Textile Industry.

* Maruf A. Raheem¹, E.T. Jolayemi²

¹Department of Mathematics and Statistics*, University of Uyo, Uyo.

E-mail: rahemarsac@yahoo.com

² Department of Statistics, University of Ilorin, Ilorin

E-mail: tejujola@unilorin.edu.ng

Abstracts: A work-related hazard table, called ‘Occupational Hazard Table,’ as proposed earlier, was used to estimate the expected period of exposure (e_x),before the ailment due to the specific occupation sets in. Subsequently, the variance and confidence interval are derived for   , the expected time for a newly employed worker to have stayed before developing the disease. A set of data from a textile industry where byssinosis is the common occupational hazard is used. The expected period of a new employee of the considered company was obtained to be 6.701 years with the variance, standard error and the 95% confidence interval(C.I.), of 0.8439, 0.0267 and [6.5985, 6.804] respectively.

[Maruf A. Raheem   E.T. Jolayemi. Expected Time To Developing Work-Related Hazard In Textile Industry. N Y Sci J 2014;7(10):97-102]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 17. doi:10.7537/marsnys071014.17

Key words: Incidence rate, occupational hazard, probability of developing disease, expected period of developing disease.

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Effect of Organizational Justice and Trust on Nurses' Commitment at Assiut University Hospitals

Asmaa Mohammed Ahmed¹; KawtherAbd-El Motagely Fadel²; Soad Ahmed Ghallab³and Nahed Shawkat Abo El Magd⁴

¹Nursing Administration Dep., Faculty of Nursing South Valley University, Qena, Egypt

²Nursing Administration Dep., Faculty of Nursing, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt

³Nursing Administration Dep., Faculty of Nursing, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt

⁴Public Health and Community Medicine Dep., Faculty of Medicine- Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt

nahedaboelmagd@yahoo.com

Abstract: This study was amid to assessing the organizational justice, trust and commitment in three university hospitals at Assuit and studying the effect of organizational justice and trust on employees' commitment at different setting. Research design: was a cross-sectional descriptive correlation research design. Setting: The study was carried out at Assiut University Hospitals (main, pediatric and woman reproductive health hospital) Subject: included a representative sample (727) from the total number of nurses who working in the three hospitals. Tools: Three tools were used for data collection; namely Organizational Justice Questionnaire, Organizational Trust Scale, and Commitment Scale Items. Results revealed that there was a significant positive relationship between organizational justice and trust, a positive relationship between organizational justice and commitment, organizational trust was have a positive and significant relationship on employees' commitment Conclusions: Organizational justice was significantly correlated with organizational trust and commitment. Recommendation: Organizational management should apply and create what is called climate of fairness and trust through working within a team contribution. Nurse managers should guiding staff nurses with feedback, open communication and give them the opportunities to exchange ideas that fosters a genuine commitment.

[Asmaa Mohammed Ahmed; Kawther Abd-El Motagely Fadel; Soad Ahmed Ghallab and Nahed Shawkat Abo El Magd. Effect of Organizational Justice and Trust on Nurses' Commitment at Assiut University Hospitals. N Y Sci J 2014;7(10):103-114]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 18. doi:10.7537/marsnys071014.18

 Keywords: Organizational Justice, Organizational Trust, Nurses' Commitment

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In Vitro Evaluation of the Antibacterial Activity of Crude Extract from Phytophthora Palmivora – Infected Cocoa Pods on selected Antibiotics Resistant Bacteria of Clinical Origin

Emmanuel Dayo FAGBOHUN¹ and Opeyemi Uwangbaoje LAWAL²*

¹Department of Microbiology, Ekiti State University, P.M.B. 5363, Ado Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria

²Department of Biological Sciences, Evangel University, Akaeze, P.M.B. 129, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria

Drfagbohun08@gmail.com, Opeyemil@ymail.com

Abstract: The antibacterial activities of crude dichloromethane extracts of cocoa pods infected with Phytophthora palmivora were screened against antibiotics resistance strains of Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus spp. and Klebsiella spp., by paper disc and agar diffusion methods. The crude extract which had been earlier reported to contain phytoalexins showed various levels of activity on different test organisms. The paper disc method showed that Staphylococcus aureus had the least susceptibility to the extracts with the diameter of the zone of inhibition that ranged from 2.0mm at 50mg/ml to 8.0mm at 250mg/ml while Enterococcus spp and Klebsiella spp had the highest diameter of the zone of inhibition of 11.0mm at 250mg/ml. The agar diffusion method showed that Pseudomonas aeruginosa was least susceptible with the diameter of the zone of inhibition that ranged from 4.0mm at 50mg/ml to 17.0mm at 250mg/ml. The susceptibility of the test organisms to the crude extract increased with increase in the concentration of the extract. This study showed that the dichloromethanolic crude extract cocoa infected with Phytophthora palmivora can be incorporated into drug formulations for the treatment of antibiotics resistance bacterial related infections.

[Fagbohun ED, Lawal OU. In Vitro Evaluation of the Antibacterial Activity of Crude Extract from Phytophthora Palmivora – Infected Cocoa Pods on some Antibiotics Resistant Bacteria of Clinical Origin. N Y Sci J 2014;7(10):115-118]. (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 19. doi:10.7537/marsnys071014.19

Keywords: Antibiotics resistant, cocoa pods, dichloromethane, susceptible, bacterial infections

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